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Inclusion supplies context; it is not automatically evidence for a provisional claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19880014890", "title": "A fusion based plasma propulsion system", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19880014890", "recordFingerprint": "08d4f12def60134667c653e1d38294e0cf26a3dc8184b82b1d424f32706fa2c7", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19880014890", "title": "A fusion based plasma propulsion system", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19880014890", "topic": "propulsion", "year": 1987, "publishedAt": "1987-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "George, J. A.", "Anderson, B.", "Bryant, D.", "Creese, C.", "Djordjevic, V.", "Peddicord, K. L." ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "The Fusion Plasma Propulsion System scoping study was performed to investigate the possibilities of a fusion powered plasma propulsion system for space applications. Specifically, it was to be compared against existing electric propulsion concepts for a manned Mars mission. Design parameters consist of 1000 N thrust for 500 days, and the minimum mass possible. This investigation is briefly presented and conclusions drawn.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for a Mars-focused fusion-plasma propulsion scoping study with explicit thrust duration and minimum-mass targets compared against electric propulsion.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "fusion propulsion", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass did not validate the scoping calculations, fusion assumptions, or system safety. It is historical low-readiness context, not claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19930007619", "title": "Long-duration isolation and confinement: Human factors issues and research requirements", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19930007619", "recordFingerprint": "38f075381674d73d275ba4537a0a18376ef3cb7538190f84036c542cf46c3d35", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19930007619", "title": "Long-duration isolation and confinement: Human factors issues and research requirements", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930007619", "topic": "human-factors", "year": 1990, "publishedAt": "1990-10-11T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Stuster, Jack" ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Other", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Viewgraphs for a presentation on habitability issues and requirements of long-term isolation and confinement are provided. Analogous situations were scored, design implications were listed, and research requirements that could be satisfied by behavioral studies conducted in the Antarctic are itemized, as well as habitat projects already designed.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 1990 other from Legacy CDMS specifically covers “Long-duration isolation and confinement: Human factors issues and research requirements”; its abstract describes Viewgraphs for a presentation on habitability issues and requirements of long-term isolation and confinement are provided. Analogous situations were scored, design… This materially informs GShips human factors and habitability.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "human factors and habitability", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19950017335", "title": "Artificial intelligence techniques for scheduling Space Shuttle missions", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19950017335", "recordFingerprint": "466c0f16f241b916e222d6802975ca638ad0724ef3c160198966aa687758a907", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19950017335", "title": "Artificial intelligence techniques for scheduling Space Shuttle missions", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950017335", "topic": "ai-autonomy", "year": 1994, "publishedAt": "1994-10-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Henke, Andrea L.", "Stottler, Richard H." ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Planning and scheduling of NASA Space Shuttle missions is a complex, labor-intensive process requiring the expertise of experienced mission planners. We have developed a planning and scheduling system using combinations of artificial intelligence knowledge representations and planning techniques to capture mission planning knowledge and automate the multi-mission planning process. Our integrated object oriented and rule-based approach reduces planning time by orders of magnitude and provides planners with the flexibility to easily modify planning knowledge and constraints without requiring programming expertise.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because it documents AI-assisted Shuttle mission planning and scheduling, a legacy precursor for bounded resource and operations scheduling.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "mission-planning-and-scheduling", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20000085958", "title": "Space Medicine: A Surgeon's Perspective", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20000085958", "recordFingerprint": "051674bf47821156a6c9e8688aa2c5c8dccf885f2eb42b62255b5389beddc2b2", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20000085958", "title": "Space Medicine: A Surgeon's Perspective", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20000085958", "topic": "health-medicine", "year": 1999, "publishedAt": "1999-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Dawson, David L." ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Abstract", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "For the first four decades of human space flight NASA's priorities in life sciences and medical programs have been preventative medicine (astronaut selection and training); assessment of the physiologic effects of microgravity and other unique aspects of space flight, implementation of countermeasures to protect against adverse effects, and amelioration of these adverse effects. Because most of the U.S. space flight experience has been on short duration missions, the need for medical and diagnostic treatment capabilities have been limited.The first long-term crews will arrive on the International Space Station (ISS) in early 2000. This will usher in a new era, an era of sustained human presence in Low Earth Orbit. One of the principal purposes of the ISS program is to increase the knowledge of the effects of long duration space flight on humans, a pre-requisite to future exploration class missions beyond Low Earth Orbit (e.g., a return to the Moon or an exploration of Mars). Areas of particular interest include protection from radiation, muscle atrophy, bone loss, cardiovascular alterations, immune dysfunction, adverse psychological response to hazards and confinement, and neurovestibular alterations. In addition, long duration space flight requires the development of autonomous medical care capabilities, as the distances involved eliminate the possibility of real-time telemedicine or robotic intervention, and prevent a mission abort and a rapid return to Earth. The objectives of this presentation include: 1. A description of the International Space Station project, including its research facilities and on-orbit medical capabilities; 2. An overview of the physiological and medical problems associated with microgravity in space flight; 3. A review of NASA's biomedical research priorities and ongoing work to develop clinical care capabilities for space flight crews (including surgical interventions) and; 4. An overview of current and proposed research priorities for NASA Research Announcements, NASA Space Biomedical Research Institute, Small Business Innovation Research Grant, and other funding sources.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 1999 abstract from Johnson Space Center specifically covers “Space Medicine: A Surgeon's Perspective”; its abstract describes For the first four decades of human space flight NASA's priorities in life sciences and medical programs have been preventative medicine (astronaut selection and training);… This materially informs GShips health and autonomous medicine.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "health and autonomous medicine", "evidenceBoundary": "Only NTRS metadata and abstract are open here; full-text methods and results were unavailable for this pass. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20010056504", "title": "Analog Studies in Preparation for Human Exploration of Mars", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20010056504", "recordFingerprint": "d8c7a5b0315d6b1e1084aa9921efa69dfdf6afaeae1a772308a1e3b799febd24", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20010056504", "title": "Analog Studies in Preparation for Human Exploration of Mars", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20010056504", "topic": "analogs-verification", "year": 2001, "publishedAt": "2001-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Snook, Kelly" ], "publisher": "Ames Research Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "This paper presents the human exploration of Mars in viewgraph form.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because it surveys terrestrial analog studies for human Mars exploration, useful for tracing analog scope and historical test assumptions.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "human-analog-methods", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20040089444", "title": "Bios-3: Siberian experiments in bioregenerative life support", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20040089444", "recordFingerprint": "5325c58fce17aa25c5b1b66b6a1946da881a569e7ae36eb2aa5ed48b7721edee", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20040089444", "title": "Bios-3: Siberian experiments in bioregenerative life support", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040089444", "topic": "ecology-food", "year": 1997, "publishedAt": "1997-10-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Salisbury, F. B.", "Gitelson, J. I.", "Lisovsky, G. M." ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Reprint (Version printed in journal)", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "The Russian experience with the bioregenerative life support system Bios-3 at Krasnoyarsk, Siberia, is reviewed. A brief review of other bioregenerative systems examines Biosphere 2 in Oracle, Arizona, and the Bios-1 and Bios-2 systems that preceded Bios-3. Physical details of the Bios-3 facility are provided. The use of Chlorella and higher plants for gas exchange is examined. Long-term studies of human habitation are discussed. Other topics include microflora in Bios-3, the theory of closed systems, and problems for the future.", "keywords": [ "Non-NASA Center", "NASA Discipline Life Support Systems", "Crops, Agricultural/growth & development/metabolism", "Photons", "Space Flight/trends", "Life Support Systems", "Ecological Systems, Closed", "Environment, Controlled", "Facility Design and Construction", "Human", "Agriculture/methods/trends", "Environmental Microbiology", "Space Simulation", "Evaluation Studies", "Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "Energy Metabolism", "Chlorella", "Siberia", "Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Bios-3: Siberian experiments in bioregenerative life support” covers Non-NASA Center, NASA Discipline Life Support Systems, Crops, Agricultural/growth & development/metabolism, Photons; it materially informs GShips work on bioregenerative life support.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "bioregenerative-life-support", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. Inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20070034165", "title": "DTN [Delay-Tolerant Networking]", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20070034165", "recordFingerprint": "0bfb1a7fc3cdb5b024371263845fa16113fd5aa9b1ed4204aa9af477c6bf5e84", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20070034165", "title": "DTN [Delay-Tolerant Networking]", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20070034165", "topic": "communications-navigation", "year": 2006, "publishedAt": "2006-08-10T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Burleigh, Scott" ], "publisher": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "This viewgraph presentation provides an overview of delay tolerant networking as it relates to deep space communication.", "keywords": [ "delay-tolerant network" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “DTN [Delay-Tolerant Networking]” covers delay-tolerant network; it materially informs GShips work on delay tolerant networking.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "delay-tolerant-networking", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. Inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20180004749", "title": "Exoplanet Biosignatures: Observational Prospects ", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20180004749", "recordFingerprint": "6deed454f44e2e11f333a9ab2b1075d59a31066da8bbc7a267acbcd881fe5e12", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20180004749", "title": "Exoplanet Biosignatures: Observational Prospects ", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20180004749", "topic": "destinations-astrobiology", "year": 2018, "publishedAt": "2018-06-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Fujii, Yuka", "Angerhausen, Daniel", "Deitrick, Russell", "Domagal-Goldman, Shawn", "Grenfell, John Lee", "Hori, Yasunori", "Kane. Stephen R.", "Palle, Enric" ], "publisher": "Mary Ann Liebert", "resourceType": "Reprint (Version printed in journal)", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "Exoplanet hunting efforts have revealed the prevalence of exotic worlds with diverse properties, including Earth-sized bodies, which has fueled our endeavor to search for life beyond the Solar System. Accumulating experiences in astrophysical, chemical, and climatological characterization of uninhabitable planets are paving the way to characterization of potentially habitable planets. In this paper, we review our possibilities and limitations in characterizing temperate terrestrial planets with future observational capabilities through the 2030s and beyond, as a basis of a broad range of discussions on how to advance \"astrobiology\" with exoplanets. We discuss the observability of not only the proposed biosignature candidates themselves but also of more general planetary properties that provide circumstantial evidence, since the evaluation of any biosignature candidate relies on its context. Characterization of temperate Earth-sized planets in the coming years will focus on those around nearby late-type stars. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and later 30-meter-class ground-based telescopes will empower their chemical investigations. Spectroscopic studies of potentially habitable planets around solar-type stars will likely require a designated spacecraft mission for direct imaging, leveraging technologies that are already being developed and tested as part of the Wide Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST) mission. Successful initial characterization of a few nearby targets will be an important touchstone toward a more detailed scrutiny and a larger survey that are envisioned beyond 2030. The broad outlook this paper presents may help develop new observational techniques to detect relevant features as well as frameworks to diagnose planets based on the observables.", "keywords": [ "Characterization", "Planetary surfaces", "Biosignatures", "Planetary atmosphere", "Exoplanets" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Exoplanet Biosignatures: Observational Prospects” covers Characterization, Planetary surfaces, Biosignatures, Planetary atmosphere; it materially informs GShips work on biosignatures and target characterization.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "biosignatures-and-target-characterization", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. Inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20190032297", "title": "NASA Platform for Autonomous Systems (NPAS)", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20190032297", "recordFingerprint": "a85eef4f54708d92171f2f81f378a7fcd96bfdec21178e372f9a5780e81f0cc4", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20190032297", "title": "NASA Platform for Autonomous Systems (NPAS)", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190032297", "topic": "ai-autonomy", "year": 2019, "publishedAt": "2019-07-09T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Moore, Christopher L. ", "Underwood, Lauren", "Figueroa, Fernando", "Walker, Mark G.", "Morris, Jonathan" ], "publisher": "Headquarters", "resourceType": "Other", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Autonomous operations are critical for the success, safety and crew survival of NASA deep space missions beyond low Earth orbit, including Gateway. For the past 10 years, Stennis Space Center (SSC) has been developing, and has demonstrated an innovative software platform, along with expertise and processes for implementation of autonomous operations.", "keywords": [ "Integrated Power Avionics and Software", "NPAS", "Autonomous Systems", "Gateway" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “NASA Platform for Autonomous Systems (NPAS)” covers Integrated Power Avionics and Software, NPAS, Autonomous Systems, Gateway; it materially informs GShips work on autonomous mission platforms.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "autonomous-mission-platforms", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this other was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20210004010", "title": "Realization of Autonomous Image-Based Spacecraft Pointing Systems: Planetary Flyby Example", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20210004010", "recordFingerprint": "d7845a4d95e0fd833cd07ec7ac5903878ed54f2f7d0180b6a9910671f1e2e615", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20210004010", "title": "Realization of Autonomous Image-Based Spacecraft Pointing Systems: Planetary Flyby Example", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210004010", "topic": "ai-autonomy", "year": 1995, "publishedAt": "1995-04-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Pomerantz, M.I.", "Udomkesmalee, S.", "Zhu, D.Q.", "Chu, C.-C." ], "publisher": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory", "resourceType": "Other", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "The paper summarizes efforts at JPL to develop an intelligent autonomous tracking and pointing system for space applications. A powerful 3D graphic software testbed has also been developed to simulate a likely scenario of autonomous tracking and pointing operations during a planetary flyby.", "keywords": [ "autonomous", "spacecraft", "autonomous", "pointing", "autonomy" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Realization of Autonomous Image-Based Spacecraft Pointing Systems: Planetary Flyby Example” covers autonomous, spacecraft, pointing, autonomy; it materially informs GShips work on autonomous navigation.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "autonomous-navigation", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. Inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20220015090", "title": "An Approach to Quantitative Risk Assessment for Combined Spaceflight Hazards: Evaluating the Impact of Short Sleep Durations on Space Crew Cardiovascular Health", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20220015090", "recordFingerprint": "a9868384db24b08855d91649e9d343052c4a3af992394934446cdd02f7f0e56b", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20220015090", "title": "An Approach to Quantitative Risk Assessment for Combined Spaceflight Hazards: Evaluating the Impact of Short Sleep Durations on Space Crew Cardiovascular Health", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220015090", "topic": "health-medicine", "year": 2022, "publishedAt": "2022-11-14T05:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Jennifer L. Butler", "Robert J. Reynolds", "Steve Blattnig", "Ryan B. Norman", "Erin Flynn-evans", "Zarana S. Patel", "Janice L. Huff" ], "publisher": "Langley Research Center", "resourceType": "Poster", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Astronauts embarking on long-duration missions will be exposed to multiple spaceflight hazards including radiation, isolation and confinement, distance from Earth, hostile closed environments, and altered gravity. These hazards pose health risks to the crew in-mission and postflight, including risks to cardiovascular health. For radiation, quantitative risk models have been developed that are based on large-scale epidemiological evidence from exposed terrestrial populations, which are extrapolated to account for the difference in radiological effectiveness between ground-based and in-flight exposures. \n•Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are multifactorial, therefore multiple risk factors can influence disease risk estimates. \n•Astronauts with spaceflight experience is a very small population. \n•To overcome limitations of cohort, population data from presumed equivalent stressors on Earth can be used to quantitatively assess possible risks. \n•Sleep disruption and short sleep duration are known consequences of spaceflight and are also established risk factors for cardiovascular disease on earth (Pateletal.,2020). \n•Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), Myocardial Infarction (MI), and stroke are negative health effects due to short sleep durations and sleep disruptions (Yinetal.,2017); (Cappuccio et al., 2010). \n•A combined CVD risk model including spaceflight stressor such as sleep, stress, radiation, etc.) will provide more precise estimate of risks.", "keywords": [ "Spaceflight Hazards", "Sleep Durations Cardiovascular health" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2022 poster from Langley Research Center specifically covers “An Approach to Quantitative Risk Assessment for Combined Spaceflight Hazards: Evaluating the Impact of Short Sleep Durations on Space Crew Cardiovascular Health”; its abstract describes Astronauts embarking on long-duration missions will be exposed to multiple spaceflight hazards including radiation, isolation and confinement, distance from Earth, hostile… This materially informs GShips health and autonomous medicine.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "health and autonomous medicine", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20230014090", "title": "Thinking Big and Broad About Isolation and Confinement Analogs: A Community Panel Discussion", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20230014090", "recordFingerprint": "53395a4c587957c4a2c65836040fd8aaa8e4353bf52fcd7a7ce0f27e00e0ff3d", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20230014090", "title": "Thinking Big and Broad About Isolation and Confinement Analogs: A Community Panel Discussion", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230014090", "topic": "human-factors", "year": 2023, "publishedAt": "2023-10-01T05:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Reanna Elise Whiting", "Christina Kay Johnson", "Bryan Caldwell" ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Presentation", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "As crewed spaceflight missions are set to explore greater distances from Earth and fly longer durations than ever before, we must expand our understanding of the impacts of prolonged isolation and confinement on the health, performance, and well-being of astronauts. In combination with flight research, ground-based analogs that simulate key mission conditions like the social and physical isolation associated with distance from Earth are essential research platforms for characterizing risk and developing validated and feasible countermeasures that support future crews and ground support teams. With several isolation and confinement analogs currently operating, and even more in development, there is great opportunity for a collaborative global analog environment to complement and optimize research efforts.\nThe Research Operations and Integration team will moderate a panel discussion among analog operators and scientists who utilize isolation and confinement analogs. The focus of discussion will be the potential for strategic coordination, portability, and harmonization of science across different platforms; and identifying the valuable similarities and differences among isolation analogs as well as existing gaps within the analog community.\nA Q&A session will follow with attendees encouraged to ask questions and join in the discussion. ", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2023 presentation from Johnson Space Center specifically covers “Thinking Big and Broad About Isolation and Confinement Analogs: A Community Panel Discussion”; its abstract describes As crewed spaceflight missions are set to explore greater distances from Earth and fly longer durations than ever before, we must expand our understanding of the impacts of… This materially informs GShips human factors and habitability.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "human factors and habitability", "evidenceBoundary": "Only NTRS metadata and abstract are open here; full-text methods and results were unavailable for this pass. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20240002444", "title": "Multiple Habitable Phases on Outer Exosolar Worlds", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20240002444", "recordFingerprint": "80121e1520141a3020bafcd59ffa1e111c5fa6de0a53500e3aefebc8b34c2a27", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20240002444", "title": "Multiple Habitable Phases on Outer Exosolar Worlds", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240002444", "topic": "destinations-astrobiology", "year": 2024, "publishedAt": "2024-02-08T05:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Viktor Sparrman", "Sara Bladh", "M. J. Way" ], "publisher": "American Astronomical Society", "resourceType": "Reprint (Version printed in journal)", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "As stars evolve to higher luminosities during first ascension of the giant branch, previously frozen terrestrial worlds may thaw and host liquid water on their surfaces. Eventually these outer worlds again become uninhabitable due to receiving too much incident light and their water inventory evaporating. Solar-mass stars experience a sudden decrease in luminosity entering the horizontal branch, which could result in a secondary habitable phase for their outer worlds. The outer worlds' time with habitable surface climates is key in evaluating the possibility of extraterrestrial life arising. The times inside the habitable zone (TIHZ) are calculated for outer worlds orbiting between 5 and 45 au around a Sun-like star. By comparing the TIHZ to time estimates for life to arise on Earth, we evaluate whether such outer worlds are promising candidates in the search for extraterrestrial life. We use two different solar evolution models (PARSEC and Dartmouth) and both optimistic and conservative habitable zone (HZ) definitions. Multiple habitable phases are found for each outer world. Outer worlds with orbits as large as Saturn are found to have a secondary habitable phase which exceeds the first in duration. Generally, the time inside the HZ is found to decrease almost monotonically with orbiting distance. Water loss is calculated after the first habitable phase to determine whether a secondary habitable phase is possible. For all orbiting distances the water loss is insufficient to deplete a water inventory equivalent to that of many moons in the outer solar system.", "keywords": [ "Astrobiology", "Exoplanet evolution", "Exoplanets", "Habitable planets", "Natural satellites (Extrasolar)", "Solar evolution", "Evolved stars", "Horizontal branch stars", "Habitable zone", "Red giant branch", "Solar analogs", "Stellar evolution" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Multiple Habitable Phases on Outer Exosolar Worlds” covers Astrobiology, Exoplanet evolution, Exoplanets, Habitable planets; it materially informs GShips work on planetary habitability modeling.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "planetary-habitability-modeling", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this reprint (version printed in journal) was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20240004187", "title": "Stochastic Verification by Analysis for Autonomous Systems Management Architecture (ASMA)", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20240004187", "recordFingerprint": "546a9210b7236f5503fa2ac141a49be61b9fc300e420b2ce7b61453f2e8ee06e", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20240004187", "title": "Stochastic Verification by Analysis for Autonomous Systems Management Architecture (ASMA)", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240004187", "topic": "analogs-verification", "year": 2024, "publishedAt": "2024-05-06T05:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Pavan Rajagopal", "James B Dabney", "Julia M Badger" ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Presentation", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "The Gateway Vehicle Systems Manager (VSM) is the top-level of a distributed, hierarchical software control system. VSM is data-driven and will make decisions related to mission, fault, resource management and vehicle control. These attributes combined with a high degree of autonomy make it susceptible to emergent behavior. In order to achieve the high level of confidence needed in this critical system, the VSM team has developed a multifaceted verification strategy employing traditional verification techniques, simulation, model checking, and runtime verification. Individual algorithms are verified using conventional testing and model checking using assume-guarantee contracts. A discrete event-based simulation approach is being developed to verify timelines. This presentation describes an enhancement to the verification approach using analysis to enhance system robustness by detecting and resolving the potential for emergent behavior. The verification by analysis employs a Software in the Loop (SITL) environment with real flight software executing on emulated processors, simulations of vehicle subsystems, flight dynamics, and human inputs. Since the possible input space and configuration data set are too large for exhaustive testing, a Monte Carlo approach is used to cover feasible scenarios, augmented with corner cases and known higher-risk scenarios. A key problem in using Monte Carlo-based system verification is evaluating test results to ensure that system behavior is correct. The presentation describes the approach the VSM team uses to monitor behavior for compliance with predetermined boundaries and to identify anomalous behavior for further analysis.\nThis presentation describes the multi-level systems approach to verification, and the simulation-based layer that covers the feasible state space:\n1.\tOverview of the Gateway VSM\n2.\tSpecial challenges due to heterogeneous, hierarchical architecture\n3.\tModeling and simulation environment using flight software and system simulations\n4.\tDeveloping input sets to ensure state-space coverage\n5.\tDeveloping model and data configuration sets to ensure model coverage\n6.\tInterpreting results without predetermined outcomes\n7.\tLessons learned and future work\n", "keywords": [ "Verification and Validation", "Autonomous Systems", "Data Driven Systems", "Monte Carlo Analysis" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Stochastic Verification by Analysis for Autonomous Systems Management Architecture (ASMA)” covers Verification and Validation, Autonomous Systems, Data Driven Systems, Monte Carlo Analysis; it materially informs GShips work on verification and validation.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "verification-and-validation", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this presentation was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20260006219", "title": "Space Radiation Countermeasure Research Plan", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20260006219", "recordFingerprint": "81d3d86a5858fb4c436a5330fd1a0412dc2f9b8eb160f48a8bad4904e0628834", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20260006219", "title": "Space Radiation Countermeasure Research Plan", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20260006219", "topic": "reproduction-genetics", "year": 2026, "publishedAt": "2026-07-23T05:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Janice Zawaski", "Janapriya Saha" ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Presentation", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "", "keywords": [ "space radiation countermeasures" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for the current Space Radiation Countermeasure Research Plan as a roadmap signal for priorities, sequencing, evidence gaps, and translation toward exploration operations.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "radiation countermeasure roadmap", "evidenceBoundary": "The NTRS record has no abstract in this corpus, so selection rests on title, date, document type, and catalog metadata; full technical content was not validated. It is roadmap context, not medical or readiness claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "reviewed-source-src-c1517-meadows-proxima-states", "title": "The Habitability of Proxima Centauri b: Environmental States and Observational Discriminants", "publicPath": "/atlas/reviewed-source-src-c1517-meadows-proxima-states", "recordFingerprint": "e28af522a4de104f2f51712a014ef5af0089cfc0d729c5380acceb0490135cde", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "reviewed-source-src-c1517-meadows-proxima-states", "title": "The Habitability of Proxima Centauri b: Environmental States and Observational Discriminants", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20180003054", "topic": "reviewed-claim-source", "year": 2018, "authors": [ "Victoria S. Meadows", "Giada N. Arney", "Edward W. Schwieterman", "Jacob Lustig-Yaeger", "Andrew P. Lincowski", "Tyler Robinson", "Shawn D. Domagal-Goldman", "Russell Deitrick", "Rory K. Barnes", "David P. Fleming", "Rodrigo Luger", "Peter E. Driscoll", "Thomas R. Quinn", "David Crisp" ], "publisher": "Astrobiology via NASA Technical Reports Server", "resourceType": "peer-reviewed-modeling-study", "access": "official or primary link", "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Climate-photochemistry and observability models showing multiple plausible habitable and uninhabitable Proxima Centauri b states and the observations needed to discriminate them.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "evidenceBoundary": "This stable source is used by at least one editorially assessed claim. Its claim-specific relation and locator—not Atlas inclusion—define the evidence use; independent domain review remains pending." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "reviewed-source-src-ca-biosphere2-oxygen-loss", "title": "Oxygen Loss in Biosphere 2", "publicPath": "/atlas/reviewed-source-src-ca-biosphere2-oxygen-loss", "recordFingerprint": "5f5b9eaf92f263e49bc2b65193eb6c9b3475273ea5bb7435fcf523da7f411f34", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "reviewed-source-src-ca-biosphere2-oxygen-loss", "title": "Oxygen Loss in Biosphere 2", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1029/94EO00285", "topic": "reviewed-claim-source", "year": 1994, "authors": [ "Jeffrey P. Severinghaus", "Wallace S. Broecker", "William F. Dempster", "Taber MacCallum", "Martin Wahlen" ], "publisher": "Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union", "resourceType": "peer-reviewed-primary-observational-report", "access": "official or primary link", "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Primary analysis of the oxygen decline during Biosphere 2's first closure, linking microbial soil respiration and carbon-dioxide reaction with exposed concrete to coupled atmospheric and material behavior.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "evidenceBoundary": "This stable source is used by at least one editorially assessed claim. Its claim-specific relation and locator—not Atlas inclusion—define the evidence use; independent domain review remains pending." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "reviewed-source-src-im-nasa-isru-priorities", "title": "Overview of NASA ISRU Plans, Priorities, and Activities", "publicPath": "/atlas/reviewed-source-src-im-nasa-isru-priorities", "recordFingerprint": "a426d3ebb8c3222ebf1533d75aebf5e4001147b472b72fb2cf3486e895e807c9", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "reviewed-source-src-im-nasa-isru-priorities", "title": "Overview of NASA ISRU Plans, Priorities, and Activities", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220007350", "topic": "reviewed-claim-source", "year": 2022, "authors": [ "Gerald B. Sanders", "Julie E. Kleinhenz" ], "publisher": "NASA Technical Reports Server", "resourceType": "institutional-technology-roadmap", "access": "official or primary link", "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "NASA priorities for water and oxygen mining, metal and manufacturing feedstock, resource assessment, integration, and end-to-end pilot demonstrations.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "evidenceBoundary": "This stable source is used by at least one editorially assessed claim. Its claim-specific relation and locator—not Atlas inclusion—define the evidence use; independent domain review remains pending." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "reviewed-source-src-mp-bipm-metre", "title": "SI base unit: metre", "publicPath": "/atlas/reviewed-source-src-mp-bipm-metre", "recordFingerprint": "5a87bc34823761692b45a14566dddb5617d09cb8965821cbcefe3d39bbb253f6", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "reviewed-source-src-mp-bipm-metre", "title": "SI base unit: metre", "url": "https://www.bipm.org/en/si-base-units/metre", "topic": "reviewed-claim-source", "year": 2026, "authors": [ "Bureau International des Poids et Mesures" ], "publisher": "BIPM", "resourceType": "metrology-standard", "access": "official or primary link", "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Exact SI value of the speed of light in vacuum.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "evidenceBoundary": "This stable source is used by at least one editorially assessed claim. 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