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Foundation records and outlines may not be represented as independently reviewed.", "reviewerSelection": [ "Publish the reviewer’s name, relevant credentials or lived expertise, review scope, compensation status, and declared conflicts with consent.", "Select for the actual claim domain rather than general prestige; include affected-community and disability-led expertise where rights or access are involved.", "Do not treat an employee, investor, customer, sponsor, source author, or directly supervised collaborator as independent for the affected claim." ], "reviewProcess": [ "Provide the exact claim, sources, locators, assumptions, counterevidence, transfer limits, and proposed evidence dimensions.", "Record approve, revise, contest, or reject at claim level; silence and event attendance never count as review.", "Publish material minority findings and the editor’s reasoned response.", "High-consequence medical, reproductive, nuclear, radiation, cybersecurity, governance, and dual-use claims require two qualified independent reviewers with complementary scopes.", "A reviewer may recuse at any time; unresolved conflicts or missing expertise block the reviewed label." ], "appealAndCorrection": [ "A correction receives a reference identifier and triage record; safety-critical allegations receive priority.", "A material editorial decision may be appealed to a reviewer not involved in the original decision once such a panel exists.", "Substantive reversals, unresolved disputes, and removed conclusions receive a dated public record that protects reporter privacy.", "No sponsor, customer, founder, or reviewer may purchase, suppress, or unilaterally assign an evidence grade." ], "publicationGate": "Public 1.0 requires named review coverage across every Academy track, documented high-consequence two-person review, a material-corrections log, reviewer conflict records, and an operating appeal path.", "correctionPath": "/corrections" } }, { "id": "policy-dual-use-001", "version": "0.1.0", "path": "/dual-use", "recordType": "governing-policy", "fingerprint": "81637e2849f9c0866d23f7174eb9a2ce522b86313167ebf5022fca122d6e506c", "snapshot": { "id": "policy-dual-use-001", "version": "0.1.0", "status": "planned-controls-not-yet-operational", "adoptedForFoundation": "2026-07-25", "title": "Civil, defensive, and rights-preserving use boundary", "summary": "GShips may research safety, resilience, logistics, communications, recovery, and cyber defense only within explicit end-use, rights, and independent-review controls. Calling an activity defensive is never sufficient by itself.", "scopeTrigger": "Apply dual-use review before accepting or materially advancing customer, funder, collaborator, operational, procurement, or publication-sensitive work whose capability, data, end use, or transfer could reasonably enable a prohibited use. Public non-actionable education still follows prohibited-content and sensitive-publication controls.", "allowedInPrinciple": [ "Safety engineering and independently assessed protection", "Resilience, graceful degradation, recovery, and disaster response", "Civil logistics, maintenance, communications, and knowledge continuity", "Cyber defense, secure software, incident response, and recovery", "Rights-preserving health, accessibility, ecology, education, and governance research" ], "prohibited": [ "Identification, tracking, prioritization, or engagement of people or assets for force, weapons, repression, or offensive operations; safety navigation, astronomy, collision avoidance, search and rescue, and independently governed planetary defense are not prohibited by this clause", "Weapons command-and-control or targeting support", "Offensive access, persistence, exploitation, or destructive cyber payloads", "Mass surveillance, biometric repression, or political-control systems", "Autonomous force application", "Coercive reproductive, medical, genetic, disability, or civic control", "Nonconsensual experimentation or treating residents as research instruments" ], "reviewRequiredBeforeAnyRelevantWork": [ "Customer, funder, collaborator, jurisdiction, beneficial-owner, and end-use screening", "Export-control and sanctions review by qualified counsel when applicable", "Written scope, allowed-use, prohibited-use, audit, termination, and incident clauses", "Independent stop-work authority with a named alternate and founder recusal", "Sensitive-publication and information-hazard review", "Whistleblowing, escalation, incident response, appeal, and anti-retaliation paths", "Aggregate transparency reporting that protects legitimate privacy and security" ], "currentBoundary": "No screening body, independent stop-work authority, contractual controls, or appeal body currently exists. Therefore no relevant customer, defense, dual-use, or operational engagement is authorized by this policy.", "changeControl": "Material changes require a dated public rationale, independent review, and may not be approved by the founder alone.", "correctionPath": "/corrections" } } ], "reviewContract": { "questions": [ { "id": "question-1", "text": "Is each canonical record correctly identified, deduplicated, classified, dated, and scoped?", "required": true }, { "id": "question-2", "text": "Does the selection note explain relevance without automatically treating the resource as claim support?", "required": true }, { "id": "question-3", "text": "Are access, source class, version, retraction, rights, and transfer limits represented accurately?", "required": true } ], "exclusions": [ "Atlas inclusion is not endorsement and does not make a source evidence for a claim.", "Metadata review does not certify the full text, methods, data, or conclusions." ], "requestedScopeCodes": [ "information-science", "systems-engineering" ], "dispositions": [ "approve", "revise", "contest", "reject", "recuse" ], "prohibitedInputs": [ "private legal names or contact details", "identity documents or raw credential files", "accessibility or medical records", "confidential conflict evidence", "classified, export-controlled, proprietary, or exploit material" ], "freshness": { "maximumDecisionAgeFromFreezeDays": 365, "eventOccurrenceRule": "Not applicable to this packet family." }, "completionRule": "Every primary record must receive the required number of valid, current-fingerprint approvals; every complementary scope group and required domain must be covered; any unresolved revise, contest, or reject disposition blocks publication.", "highConsequenceRule": "Named medical, reproductive, nuclear, radiation, cybersecurity, governance, and dual-use conclusions require two distinct qualified independent humans covering complementary domain-method and rights/public-interest scopes." }, "primaryRecords": [ { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19670025256", "title": "Study of life support systems for space missions exceeding one year in duration", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19670025256", "recordFingerprint": "3cc5dd88c410ad99728b8b227681d4af27ec822f61b75dd74930d4e23e43c517", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19670025256", "title": "Study of life support systems for space missions exceeding one year in duration", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670025256", "topic": "life-support", "year": 1967, "publishedAt": "1967-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "R. B. Jagow", "R. S. Thomas" ], "publisher": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "resourceType": "Other", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Regenerative life support system to minimize expendable materials aboard spacecraft during long manned flights", "keywords": [ "SYSTEMS ENGINEERING", "LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM", "MANNED SPACE FLIGHT", "WASTE DISPOSAL" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 1967 other from National Aeronautics and Space Administration specifically covers “Study of life support systems for space missions exceeding one year in duration”; its abstract describes Regenerative life support system to minimize expendable materials aboard spacecraft during long manned flights This materially informs GShips regenerative life support.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "regenerative life support", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19980003799", "title": "Interstellar Travel. (Latest citations from the Aerospace Database)", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19980003799", "recordFingerprint": "e35f525020822c0fd102bcd6dcb530963c269970b5e5c0616463638f1e9851a6", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19980003799", "title": "Interstellar Travel. (Latest citations from the Aerospace Database)", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980003799", "topic": "ethics-alternatives", "year": 1996, "publishedAt": "1996-08-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Technical Memorandum (TM)", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "The bibliography contains citations concerning travel between the stars. Topics include cost considerations, hyperspace navigation, exploration, and propulsion systems for vehicles to be used in interstellar travel. Human factor issues and social aspects of interstellar travel are also discussed.", "keywords": [ "BIBLIOGRAPHIES", "SPACECRAFT" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 1996 technical memorandum (tm) from Legacy CDMS specifically covers “Interstellar Travel. (Latest citations from the Aerospace Database)”; its abstract describes The bibliography contains citations concerning travel between the stars. Topics include cost considerations, hyperspace navigation, exploration, and propulsion systems for… This materially informs GShips ethics and alternatives.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "ethics and alternatives", "evidenceBoundary": "Only NTRS metadata and abstract are open here; full-text methods and results were unavailable for this pass. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19980210630", "title": "In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU II) Technical Interchange Meeting", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19980210630", "recordFingerprint": "b8112882cd6644c15fe4e129711309b82b1d8e3c1b1b004bedacf5446fe81d97", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19980210630", "title": "In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU II) Technical Interchange Meeting", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980210630", "topic": "manufacturing-isru", "year": 1997, "publishedAt": "1997-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "David Kaplan", "Stephen R. Saunders" ], "publisher": "Headquarters", "resourceType": "Conference Proceedings", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "This volume contains extended abstracts that have been accepted for presentation at the In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU II) Technical Interchange Meeting, November 18-19, 1997, at the Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, Texas. Included are topics which include: Extraterrestrial resources, in situ propellant production, sampling of planetary surfaces, oxygen production, water vapor extraction from the Martian atmosphere, gas generation, cryogenic refrigeration, and propellant transport and storage.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated as a historical ISRU proceedings volume spanning resource extraction, propellant production, planetary sampling, oxygen and water recovery, cryogenic refrigeration, transport, and storage.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "manufacturing and ISRU", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but only proceedings-level metadata and topic coverage were screened; individual contributions require separate review. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20060043986", "title": "Validation (not just verification) of Deep Space Missions", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20060043986", "recordFingerprint": "9c0bf25dffd0588bd897809395d4050226b1660133c9697a163a42a301a10fa1", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20060043986", "title": "Validation (not just verification) of Deep Space Missions", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20060043986", "topic": "analogs-verification", "year": 2006, "publishedAt": "2006-03-08T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Duren, Riley M." ], "publisher": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "ion & Validation (V&V) is a widely recognized and critical systems engineering function. However, the often used definition 'Verification proves the design is right; validation proves it is the right design' is rather vague. And while Verification is a reasonably well standardized systems engineering process, Validation is a far more abstract concept and the rigor and scope applied to it varies widely between organizations and individuals. This is reflected in the findings in recent Mishap Reports for several NASA missions, in which shortfalls in Validation (not just Verification) were cited as root- or contributing-factors in catastrophic mission loss. Furthermore, although there is strong agreement in the community that Test is the preferred method for V&V, many people equate 'V&V' with 'Test', such that Analysis and Modeling aren't given comparable attention. Another strong motivator is a realization that the rapid growth in complexity of deep-space missions (particularly Planetary Landers and Space Observatories given their inherent unknowns) is placing greater demands on systems engineers to 'get it right' with Validation.", "keywords": [ "verification", "validation", "systems engineering" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Validation (not just verification) of Deep Space Missions” covers verification, validation, systems engineering; it materially informs GShips work on verification and validation.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "verification-and-validation", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. Inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20150010986", "title": "Beamed-Energy Propulsion (BEP): Considerations for Beaming High Energy-Density Electromagnetic Waves Through the Atmosphere", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20150010986", "recordFingerprint": "d78cd490af9ac7bb2bc9f9af8e95dbe57bc5847bf99f94dea6ade32606d4590a", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20150010986", "title": "Beamed-Energy Propulsion (BEP): Considerations for Beaming High Energy-Density Electromagnetic Waves Through the Atmosphere", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20150010986", "topic": "propulsion", "year": 2015, "publishedAt": "2015-05-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Manning, Robert M." ], "publisher": "Glenn Research Center", "resourceType": "Technical Memorandum (TM)", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "A study to determine the feasibility of employing beamed electromagnetic energy for vehicle propulsion within and outside the Earth's atmosphere was co-funded by NASA and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency that began in June 2010 and culminated in a Summary Presentation in April 2011. A detailed report entitled \"Beamed-Energy Propulsion (BEP) Study\" appeared in February 2012 as NASA/TM-2012-217014. Of the very many nuances of this subject that were addressed in this report, the effects of transferring the required high energy-density electromagnetic fields through the atmosphere were discussed. However, due to the limitations of the length of the report, only a summary of the results of the detailed analyses were able to be included. It is the intent of the present work to make available the complete analytical modeling work that was done for the BEP project with regard to electromagnetic wave propagation issues. In particular, the present technical memorandum contains two documents that were prepared in 2011. The first one, entitled \"Effects of Beaming Energy Through the Atmosphere\" contains an overview of the analysis of the nonlinear problem inherent with the transfer of large amounts of energy through the atmosphere that gives rise to thermally-induced changes in the refractive index; application is then made to specific beamed propulsion scenarios. A brief portion of this report appeared as Appendix G of the 2012 Technical Memorandum. The second report, entitled \"An Analytical Assessment of the Thermal Blooming Effects on the Propagation of Optical and Millimeter- Wave Focused Beam Waves For Power Beaming Applications\" was written in October 2010 (not previously published), provides a more detailed treatment of the propagation problem and its effect on the overall characteristics of the beam such as its deflection as well as its radius. Comparisons are then made for power beaming using the disparate electromagnetic wavelengths of 1.06 microns and 2.0 millimeters..", "keywords": [ "Beamed Energy", "Laser Propulsion", "Laser Launch" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for atmospheric propagation of high-energy-density electromagnetic beams, including an enabling constraint for laser launch and other beamed-propulsion demonstrations.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "beamed-energy safety", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass did not validate propagation models, environmental effects, public safety, or operational permissions. It is dual-use risk context, not a deployment endorsement or claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20170009093", "title": "NASA Centennial Challenge: Three Dimensional (3D) Printed Habitat, Phase 2", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20170009093", "recordFingerprint": "23cf5bece4a1b6840da28d256abb3cd52b1168e080413a286d9d38968aef31e9", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20170009093", "title": "NASA Centennial Challenge: Three Dimensional (3D) Printed Habitat, Phase 2", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20170009093", "topic": "structures-shielding", "year": 2017, "publishedAt": "2017-09-25T04:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Robert P Mueller", "Monsi C Roman", "Hong Soo Kim" ], "publisher": "Kennedy Space Center", "resourceType": "Abstract", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "The NASA Centennial Challenges: 3D-Printed Habitat Challenge seeks to develop the fundamental technologies necessary to manufacture an off-world habitat using mission recycled materials and/or local indigenous materials. The vision is that autonomous habitat manufacturing machines will someday be deployed to the Moon or Mars to construct shelters for human habitation. NASA and Bradley University, are holding a new US$ 2.5 million competition to design and build a 3-D printed habitat for deep space exploration, including the agency's journey to Mars. The multi-phase 3-D Printed Habitat Challenge, part of NASA's Centennial Challenges program, is designed to advance the additive construction technology needed to create sustainable housing solutions for Earth and beyond. The first phase of the competition ran through Sept. 27, 2015. This phase, a design competition, called on participants to develop state-of-the-art architectural concepts that take advantage of the unique capabilities 3-D printing offers. The top 3 prizes with a prize purse of $40,000 were awarded at the 2015 World Maker Faire in New York. The second phase of the competition is called the Structural Member Competition and it is divided into three levels happening in the spring and summer of 2017. The Compression Test Competition (Level 1) focuses on the fabrication technologies needed to manufacture structural components from a combination of indigenous materials and recyclables, or indigenous materials alone. For Level 1, teams will develop 3D printable materials, build a 3D printing machine, and print two specimens: a truncated cone and a cylinder. The Level 2 Beam Member Competition is the second of three sub-competitions within the overall Structural Member Competition. For Level 2, teams will print a beam that will be tested. The Level 3 Head to Head Competition is the third of three sub-competitions within the overall Structural Member Competition. For Level 3, teams will develop 3D printable materials, use a 3D printing machine, and print three compression specimens of the elected material, three flexural specimens of the elected material, and one dome structure. Tests conducted on the specimens and the dome structure will determine Level 3 scores and awards. On Earth these same habitat manufacturing capabilities could be used to produce housing wherever affordable housing is needed and access to conventional building materials and skills is limited. Terrestrially, it is envisioned that local indigenous materials (dirt, clay, sand, etc.) could be combined with readily available recyclable materials and used to construct semi-permanent shelters against environmental elements for human habitation. The goal of the 3D-Printed Habitat Challenge is to foster the development of new technologies necessary to additively manufacture a habitat using local indigenous materials with, or without, recyclable materials. This paper will summarize the Level 2 results of this NASA Centennial Challenge competition and it will discuss related technology advancement.", "keywords": [ "3D printing", "Centennial challenge", "Habitat" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for the 3D-Printed Habitat Challenge as an Earthside testbed for autonomous construction, material systems, robotics, design-for-fabrication, and team coordination.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "additive habitat construction", "evidenceBoundary": "Competition demonstrations do not establish extraterrestrial readiness, pressure integrity, radiation protection, lifecycle durability, or economics. NTRS metadata was screened as precursor context, not habitat-performance claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20200003934", "title": "On-Orbit Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing Technology Transfer Industry Day", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20200003934", "recordFingerprint": "0ed83cfeb7263cdde44579758d40fff6abcfad917ff8ba63f1c017419dfb7a13", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20200003934", "title": "On-Orbit Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing Technology Transfer Industry Day", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200003934", "topic": "assembly-logistics", "year": 2019, "publishedAt": "2019-09-18T04:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Johnny Fernandez", "Larry Thomsen", "W K Belvin" ], "publisher": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "resourceType": "Presentation", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "On-Orbit Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing (OSAM) provide a suite of capabilities to build larger, more resilient spacecraft than current approaches. OSAM Technologies for which NASA Langley retains intellectual property rights will be described to foster possible technology transfer from the government to industry.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “On-Orbit Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing Technology Transfer Industry Day” covers On-Orbit Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing (OSAM) provide a suite of capabilities to build larger, more resilient spacecraft than; it materially informs GShips work on isam ecosystem.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "isam-ecosystem", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this presentation was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20210003776", "title": "Active Pixel Sensors for Autonomous Spacecraft Applications", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20210003776", "recordFingerprint": "b917a733676f85f3e90a94b7d6e1161315a54842f9984a357925961c6d938ad7", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20210003776", "title": "Active Pixel Sensors for Autonomous Spacecraft Applications", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210003776", "topic": "ai-autonomy", "year": 1996, "publishedAt": "1996-08-04T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Dennison, E.", "Clark, C.", "Fossum, E.", "Salomon, P." ], "publisher": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory", "resourceType": "Other", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "Over the foreseeable future, the size and scope of spacecraft missions will change dramatically. No longer will we see the large, expensive, and complex spacecraft that characterized the past decades.", "keywords": [ "autonomous", "missions", "spacecraft", "mission", "design", "faster", "better", "cheaper", "low", "cost", "missions", "guidance", "systems", "target", "imaging", "New", "Millenium", "Program" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Active Pixel Sensors for Autonomous Spacecraft Applications” covers autonomous, missions, spacecraft, mission; it materially informs GShips work on spacecraft imaging sensors.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "spacecraft-imaging-sensors", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. 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