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The established range of human tolerance limits is defined for those physiological conditions which directly affect habitat structural design. These entire ranges or portions thereof are set as habitat design constraints as a function of habitat population and degree of ecological closure. Calculations are performed to determine the structural weight and cost associated with each discrete population size and its selected environmental conditions, on the basis of habitable volume equivalence for four basic habitat configurations: sphere, cylinder with hemispherical ends, torus, and crystal palace.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 1982 conference paper from Legacy CDMS specifically covers “Sensitivity analysis of physiological factors in space habitat design”; its abstract describes The costs incurred by design conservatism in space habitat design are discussed from a structural standpoint, and areas of physiological research into less than… This materially informs GShips human factors and habitability.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "human factors and habitability", "evidenceBoundary": "Only NTRS metadata and abstract are open here; full-text methods and results were unavailable for this pass. 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Federal science agencies, such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), are being looked to as a resource for enhancing precollege STEM education and bringing more young people to scientific and technical careers. For NASA and other federal science agencies, concerns about workforce and public understanding of science also have an immediate local dimension. The agency faces an aerospace workforce skewed toward those close to retirement and job recruitment competition for those with science and engineering degrees. In addition, public support for the agency s missions stems in part from public understanding of the importance of the agency s contributions in science, engineering, and space exploration.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2008 book from Headquarters specifically covers “NASA's Elementary and Secondary Education Program: Review and Critique”; its abstract describes The federal role in precollege science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education is receiving increasing attention in light of the need to support public… This materially informs GShips institutions and workforce.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "institutions and workforce", "evidenceBoundary": "Only NTRS metadata and abstract are open here; full-text methods and results were unavailable for this pass. 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The goals of research in ultrasound usage in space environments are: (1) Determine accuracy of ultrasound in novel clinical conditions. (2) Determine optimal training methodologies, (3) Determine microgravity associated changes and (4) Develop intuitive ultrasound catalog to enhance autonomous medical care. Also uses of Ultrasound technology in terrestrial applications are reviewed.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2009 conference paper from Johnson Space Center specifically covers “Ultrasound in Space Medicine”; its abstract describes This slide presentation reviews the use of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in microgravity environments. 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As the complexity of mechanical and electrical systems increases, there develops a natural drive for developing robust control systems to manage complicated operations. By closing the bridge between conventional automated systems to knowledge based self-awareness systems, nominal control of operations can evolve into relying on safe critical mitigation processes to support any off-nominal behavior. Current research and development efforts lead by the Autonomous Propellant Loading (APL) group at NASA Kennedy Space Center aims to improve cryogenic propellant transfer operations by developing an automated control and health monitoring system. As an integrated systems, the center aims to produce an Autonomous Operations System (AOS) capable of integrating health management operations with automated control to produce a fully autonomous system.", "keywords": [ "Autonomous Control Systems", "Integrated System Health Management", "Cryogenic Propellant Transfer" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Autonomous Operations System: Development and Application” covers Autonomous Control Systems, Integrated System Health Management, Cryogenic Propellant Transfer; it materially informs GShips work on autonomous mission operations.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "autonomous-mission-operations", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20170000317", "title": "Femoral Head Bone Loss Following Short and Long-Duration Spaceflight", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20170000317", "recordFingerprint": "5c4ccdc531ce10fd2e8867932cc5da791bb42dca17439a93a3dfe2d96a426bd0", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20170000317", "title": "Femoral Head Bone Loss Following Short and Long-Duration Spaceflight", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20170000317", "topic": "health-medicine", "year": 2016, "publishedAt": "2016-10-26T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Blaber, E. A.", "Cheng-Campbell, M.", "Almeida, E. A. C." ], "publisher": "Ames Research Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Exposure to mechanical unloading during spaceflight is known to have significant effects on the musculoskeletal system. Our ongoing studies with the mouse bone model have identified the failure of normal stem cell-based tissue regeneration, in addition to tissue degeneration, as a significant concern for long-duration spaceflight, especially in the mesenchymal and hematopoietic tissue lineages. The 30-day BionM1 and the 37-day Rodent Research 1 (RR1) missions enabled the possibility of studying these effects in long-duration microgravity experiments. We hypothesized that the inhibition of stem cell-based tissue regeneration in short-duration spaceflight would continue during long-duration spaceflight and furthermore would result in significant tissue alterations. MicroCT analysis of BionM1 femurs revealed 31% decrease in bone volume ratio, a 14% decrease in trabecular thickness, and a 20% decrease in trabecular number in the femoral head of space-flown mice. Furthermore, high-resolution MicroCT and immunohistochemical analysis of spaceflight tissues revealed a severe disruption of the epiphyseal boundary, resulting in endochondral ossification of the femoral head and perforation of articular cartilage by bone. This suggests that spaceflight in microgravity may cause rapid induction of an aging-like phenotype with signs of osteoarthritic disease in the hip joint. However, mice from RR1 exhibited significant bone loss in the femoral head but did not exhibit the severe aging and disease-like phenotype observed during BionM1.This may be due to increased physical activity in the RH hardware. Immunohistochemical analysis of the epiphyseal plate and investigation of cellular proliferation and differentiation pathways within the marrow compartment and whole bone tissue is currently being conducted to determine alterations in stem cell-based tissue regeneration between these experiments. Our results show that the observed inhibition of stem cell-based tissue regeneration persists during long-duration spaceflight. Furthermore, spaceflight femurs from BionM1 indicate onset of an accelerated aging-like phenotype with signs of osteoarthritic disease shown by disruption of the epiphyseal boundary and endochondral ossification. These effects are likely caused by a failure of stem cells to regenerate degraded tissues and may have significant implications for bone and cartilage health following extensive periods of mechanical unloading during long-duration spaceflight.", "keywords": [ "microgravity", " stem cells", " bone" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2016 conference paper from Ames Research Center specifically covers “Femoral Head Bone Loss Following Short and Long-Duration Spaceflight”; its abstract describes Exposure to mechanical unloading during spaceflight is known to have significant effects on the musculoskeletal system. Our ongoing studies with the mouse bone model have… This materially informs GShips health and autonomous medicine.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "health and autonomous medicine", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20250010013", "title": "Understanding Exoplanet Habitability: A Bayesian ML Framework for Predicting Atmospheric Absorption Spectra", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20250010013", "recordFingerprint": "747331533a1f8d154ddc9dec79545e625cfb7496373df4b2e17b44caf82b152e", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20250010013", "title": "Understanding Exoplanet Habitability: A Bayesian ML Framework for Predicting Atmospheric Absorption Spectra", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20250010013", "topic": "destinations-astrobiology", "year": 2025, "publishedAt": "2025-10-13T04:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Vasuda Trehan", "Kevin H Knuth", "M J Way" ], "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)", "resourceType": "Reprint (Version printed in journal)", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "The evolution of space technology in recent years, fueled by advancements in computing such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), has profoundly transformed our capacity to explore the cosmos. Missions like the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have made information about distant objects more easily accessible, resulting in extensive amounts of valuable data. As part of this work-in-progress study, we are working to create an atmospheric absorption spectrum prediction model for exoplanets. The eventual model will be based on both collected observational spectra and synthetic spectral data generated by the ROCKE-3D general circulation model (GCM) developed by the climate modeling program at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS). In this initial study, spline curves are used to describe the bin heights of simulated atmospheric absorption spectra as a function of one of the values of the planetary parameters. Bayesian Adaptive Exploration is then employed to identify areas of the planetary parameter space for which more data are needed to improve the model. 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