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Inclusion supplies context; it is not automatically evidence for a provisional claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "core-18-2", "title": "Biosphere 2 user facilities", "publicPath": "/atlas/core-18-2", "recordFingerprint": "9b0363b1a6ee2fac8bdbd3f07b85e0e6b6b8c721534d7d73ff8323035859aecf", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "core-18-2", "title": "Biosphere 2 user facilities", "url": "https://biosphere2.org/research/user-facility-information", "topic": "analogs-verification", "year": null, "authors": [], "publisher": "Primary or institutional source", "resourceType": "Primary or institutional source", "access": "official link", "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "selectionNote": "Inspected as a core capability-area source. Inclusion supplies context; it is not automatically evidence for a provisional claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "core-18-3", "title": "NASA HERA", "publicPath": "/atlas/core-18-3", "recordFingerprint": "6fb216ad06439a157f222aac2d92fa610e4f55f1be7b10bc92cc0eb98540e243", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "core-18-3", "title": "NASA HERA", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/hera-about-hera/", "topic": "analogs-verification", "year": null, "authors": [], "publisher": "Primary or institutional source", "resourceType": "Primary or institutional source", "access": "official link", "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "selectionNote": "Inspected as a core capability-area source. Inclusion supplies context; it is not automatically evidence for a provisional claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19640001034", "title": "Requirements for emittance measurements of thermal control surfaces of spacecraft", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19640001034", "recordFingerprint": "e2b2b320263967ede83ba2203eb5f90e63223620edd143ddd5f4537a7e118631", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19640001034", "title": "Requirements for emittance measurements of thermal control surfaces of spacecraft", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640001034", "topic": "power-thermal", "year": 1963, "publishedAt": "1963-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Heller, G. B." ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Emittance measurement techniques and required properties for spacecraft thermal control surfaces", "keywords": [ "SPACECRAFT CONTROL", "TEMPERATURE CONTROL", "EMISSION", "CONTROL SURFACE" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for measurement requirements and property characterization of spacecraft thermal-control surfaces, an early example of metrology supporting thermal assurance.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "thermal metrology", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass did not examine apparatus, uncertainty, or modern standards compatibility. It is historical measurement context, not claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19670052045", "title": "Electrolysis-hydrogenomonas bacterial bioregenerative life support system.", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19670052045", "recordFingerprint": "6918b8380ce52990fe076ef3e923bf2823bce567d5779196aeaf2c548c26c758", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19670052045", "title": "Electrolysis-hydrogenomonas bacterial bioregenerative life support system.", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670052045", "topic": "ecology-food", "year": 1966, "publishedAt": "1966-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Jenkins, D. W." ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "Electrolysis-Hydrogenomonas bacterial bioregenerative life support system for manned space flight of long duration", "keywords": [ "EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE", "BIOREGENERATION", "LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM", "HYDROGENOMONAS" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 1966 conference paper from Legacy CDMS specifically covers “Electrolysis-hydrogenomonas bacterial bioregenerative life support system.”; its abstract describes Electrolysis-Hydrogenomonas bacterial bioregenerative life support system for manned space flight of long duration This materially informs GShips closed ecology and food.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "closed ecology and food", "evidenceBoundary": "Only NTRS metadata and abstract are open here; full-text methods and results were unavailable for this pass. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19680016736", "title": "Bioregenerative life-support systems", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19680016736", "recordFingerprint": "af79de6260284b915fe8aa3888f835ed05f8f71ba9422f3035b5abeeeb6b34da", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19680016736", "title": "Bioregenerative life-support systems", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680016736", "topic": "ecology-food", "year": 1968, "publishedAt": "1968-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Jenkins, D. W." ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Other", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Algae and Hydrogenomonas bioregenerative life support systems for manned space flight", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 1968 other from Legacy CDMS specifically covers “Bioregenerative life-support systems”; its abstract describes Algae and Hydrogenomonas bioregenerative life support systems for manned space flight This materially informs GShips closed ecology and food.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "closed ecology and food", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19890028425", "title": "Space Station-based deep-space optical communication experiments", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19890028425", "recordFingerprint": "500728eae6ba3aef497bc7ddbed324abff686037dde3436da2c82e487df3fbaf", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19890028425", "title": "Space Station-based deep-space optical communication experiments", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890028425", "topic": "communications-navigation", "year": 1988, "publishedAt": "1988-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Chen, Chien-Chung", "Schwartz, Jon A." ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "A series of three experiments proposed for advanced optical deep-space communications is described. These proposed experiments would be carried out aboard the Space Station to test and evaluate the capability of optical instruments to conduct data communication and spacecraft navigation for deep-space missions. Techniques for effective data communication, precision spacecraft ranging, and accurate angular measurements will be developed and evaluated in a spaceborne environment.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Space Station-based deep-space optical communication experiments” covers A series of three experiments proposed for advanced optical deep-space communications is described. These proposed experiments would be; it materially informs GShips work on deep space communications.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "deep-space-communications", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. Inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19900062325", "title": "Space radiation shielding for a Martian habitat", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19900062325", "recordFingerprint": "288b2c58a3dfc27fe94bfee715909998c998259cf029add34b11298a6529654d", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19900062325", "title": "Space radiation shielding for a Martian habitat", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900062325", "topic": "structures-shielding", "year": 1990, "publishedAt": "1990-07-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Simonsen, Lisa C.", "Nealy, John E.", "Townsend, Lawrence W.", "Wilson, John W." ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "Radiation shielding analyses are performed for a candidate Mars base habitat. The Langley cosmic ray transport code and the Langley nucleon transport code are used to quantify the transport and attenuation of galactic cosmic rays and solar flare protons through both the Martian atmosphere and regolith shielding. Doses at the surface and at various altitudes were calculated in a previous study using both a high-density and a low-density Mars atmosphere model. This study extends the previous low-density results to include the further transport of the ionizing radiation that reaches the surface through additional shielding provided by Martian regolith. A four-compound regolith model, which includes SiO2, Fe2O3, MgO, and CaO, was selected based on the chemistry of the Viking 1 Lander site. The spectral fluxes of heavy charged particles and the corresponding dosimetric quantities are computed for a series of thicknesses in the shield media after traversing the atmosphere. These data are then used as input to algorithms for a specific shield geometry. The results are presented as the maximum dose received in the center of the habitat versus various shield thicknesses for a base at an altitude of 0 km and 8 km.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for early particle-transport analysis of Mars habitats, connecting atmosphere, regolith, structure, geometry, and crew dose in surface-system trades.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "Mars habitat radiation transport", "evidenceBoundary": "The historical model and inputs were not reproduced or updated against current transport codes and environment data. It is method-history context, not current quantitative shielding evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20060013112", "title": "The Space Physics of Life: Searching for Biosignatures on Habitable Icy Worlds Affected by Space Weathering", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20060013112", "recordFingerprint": "c15d70c5be9116eff3f9d36c2b12a2b62df3323daa8e503aa5890b19a6ee9f7d", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20060013112", "title": "The Space Physics of Life: Searching for Biosignatures on Habitable Icy Worlds Affected by Space Weathering", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20060013112", "topic": "destinations-astrobiology", "year": 2006, "publishedAt": "2006-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Cooper, John F." ], "publisher": "Goddard Space Flight Center", "resourceType": "Abstract", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "Accessible surfaces of the most likely astrobiological habitats (Mars, Europa, Titan) in the solar system beyond Earth are exposed to various chemical and hydrologic weathering processes directly or indirectly induced by interaction with the overlying space environment. These processes can be both beneficial, through provision of chemical compounds and energy, and destructive, through chemical dissociation or burial, to detectable presence of biosignatures. Orbital, suborbital, and surface platforms carrying astrobiological instrumentation must survive, and preferably exploit, space environment interactions to reach these habitats and search for evidence of life or its precursors. Experience from Mars suggests that any detection of biosignatures must be accompanied by characterization of the local chemical environment and energy sources including irradiation by solar ultraviolet photons and energetic particles from the space environment. Orbital and suborbital surveys of surface chemistry and astrobiological potential in the context of the space environment should precede targeted in-situ measurements to maximize probability of biosignature detection through site selection. The Space Physics of Life (SPOL) investigation has recently been proposed to the NASA Astrobiology Institute and is briefly described in this presentation. SPOL is the astrobiologically relevant study of the interactions and relationships of potentially? or previously inhabited, bodies of the solar system with the surrounding environments. This requires an interdisciplinary effort in space physics, planetary science, and radiation biology. The proposed investigation addresses the search for habitable environments, chemical resources to support life, and techniques for detection of organic and inorganic signs of life in the context of the space environment.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “The Space Physics of Life: Searching for Biosignatures on Habitable Icy Worlds Affected by Space Weathering” covers Accessible surfaces of the most likely astrobiological habitats (Mars, Europa, Titan) in the solar system beyond Earth are; it materially informs GShips work on space weather and biosignatures.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "space-weather-and-biosignatures", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. Inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20060035203", "title": "Software Architecture for Autonomous Spacecraft", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20060035203", "recordFingerprint": "b27c8f8c06a531d1d553a12fdab486336d5ce64d05d17890a5df09bd7f897230", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20060035203", "title": "Software Architecture for Autonomous Spacecraft", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20060035203", "topic": "ai-autonomy", "year": 1997, "publishedAt": "1997-05-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Shih, Jimmy S." ], "publisher": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory", "resourceType": "Preprint (Draft being sent to journal)", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "The thesis objective is to design an autonomous spacecraft architecture to perform both deliberative and reactive behaviors. The Autonomous Small Planet In-Situ Reaction to Events (ASPIRE) project uses the architecture to integrate several autonomous technologies for a comet orbiter mission.", "keywords": [ "Software Spacecraft ASPIRE project" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Software Architecture for Autonomous Spacecraft” covers Software Spacecraft ASPIRE project; it materially informs GShips work on autonomous software architecture.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "autonomous-software-architecture", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. Inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20060042897", "title": "DEMO: The autonomous sciencecraft experiment onboard the EO-1 spacecraft", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20060042897", "recordFingerprint": "9c3a8a95fc24aa9fb388cb2daeb0fa16aa47042a8b0313359b925eff415398ee", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20060042897", "title": "DEMO: The autonomous sciencecraft experiment onboard the EO-1 spacecraft", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20060042897", "topic": "ai-autonomy", "year": 2005, "publishedAt": "2005-07-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Tran, Daniel", "Chien, Steve", "Sherwood, Rob", "Castano, Rebecca", "Cichy, Benjamin", "Davies, Ashley", "Rabideau, Gregg" ], "publisher": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "The Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (ASE), currently flying onboard the Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) spacecraft, integrates several autonomy software technologies enabling autonomous science analysis and mission planning.", "keywords": [ "autonomous EO-1" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “DEMO: The autonomous sciencecraft experiment onboard the EO-1 spacecraft” covers autonomous EO-1; it materially informs GShips work on onboard science autonomy.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "onboard-science-autonomy", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. Inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20110011365", "title": "The NEEMO Project: A Report on how NASA Utilizes the \"Aquarius\" Undersea Habitat as an Analog for Long-Duration Space Flight", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20110011365", "recordFingerprint": "113fb4d75c78f3edb2958101fd7a06939555116a1d86d3c3813209804c17e545", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20110011365", "title": "The NEEMO Project: A Report on how NASA Utilizes the \"Aquarius\" Undersea Habitat as an Analog for Long-Duration Space Flight", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110011365", "topic": "analogs-verification", "year": 2003, "publishedAt": "2003-10-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Reagan, Marc", "Todd, William" ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "NEEMO is the NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations, a cooperative project between NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NEEMO was created and is managed by the Mission Operations Directorate at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. On the NOAA side, the National Undersea Research Center (NURC) in Key Largo, FL, with the help of the University of North Carolina at Wilmington, manages and operates the Aquarius Program. NEEMO was developed by astronaut training specialists to utilize an undersea research habitat as a multi-objective mission analog for long-duration space flight. Each mission was designed to expose astronauts to extreme environments for training purposes and to research crew behavior, habitability, and space analog life sciences. All of this was done much in the model of a space mission utilizing specific crew procedures, mission rules and timelines. Objectives of the missions were very diverse and contained many of the typical space mission type activities such as EV As (also known as extra vehicular activities), in-habitat science and research, and educational, public outreach, and media events. Five missions, dubbed NEEMO 1-5, were conducted between October 2001 and July 2003, the longest of which (NEEMO 5) lasted 14 days.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because it documents NEEMO’s undersea habitat as a bounded analog for isolation, EVA-like operations, teamwork, and long-duration mission procedures.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "human-analog-methods", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20150003017", "title": "Overview of the Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA)", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20150003017", "recordFingerprint": "5a96fd0e8bc9bb257c49695e31803a72bc1398731cf09b7f9a69fb916c05207f", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20150003017", "title": "Overview of the Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA)", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20150003017", "topic": "health-medicine", "year": 2015, "publishedAt": "2015-06-29T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Neigut, J." ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Abstract", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "In 2013, the Human Research Program at NASA began developing a new confinement analog specifically for conducting research to investigate the effects of confinement on the human system. The HERA (Human Exploration Research Analog) habitat has been used for both 7 and 14 day missions to date to examine and mitigate exploration risks to enable safe, reliable and productive human space exploration. This presentation will describe how the Flight Analogs Project developed the HERA facility and the infrastructure to suit investigator requirements for confinement research and in the process developed a new approach to analog utilization and a new state of the art analog facility. Details regarding HERA operations will be discussed including specifics on the mission simulation utilized for the current 14-day campaign, the specifics of the facility (total volume, overall size, hardware), and the capabilities available to researchers. The overall operational philosophy, mission fidelity including timeline, schedule pressures and cadence, and development and implementation of mission stressors will be presented. Research conducted to date in the HERA has addressed risks associated with behavioral health and performance, human physiology, as well as human factors. This presentation will conclude with a discussion of future research plans for the HERA, including infrastructure improvements and additional research capabilities planned for the upcoming 30-day missions in 2016.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2015 abstract from Johnson Space Center specifically covers “Overview of the Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA)”; its abstract describes In 2013, the Human Research Program at NASA began developing a new confinement analog specifically for conducting research to investigate the effects of confinement on the… This materially informs GShips health and autonomous medicine.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "health and autonomous medicine", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20205008926", "title": "Enabling Progressively Autonomous Medical Operations for Space Exploration", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20205008926", "recordFingerprint": "994c86ccc153f4536b4366858574b467e55690352892174c24749851910b72f3", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20205008926", "title": "Enabling Progressively Autonomous Medical Operations for Space Exploration", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20205008926", "topic": "health-medicine", "year": 2021, "publishedAt": "2021-06-02T05:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Kris Lehnhardt", "Mike Barratt", "Sharmi Watkins" ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "As NASA and its International Partners prepare to expand human space exploration beyond the International Space Station (ISS) to the Moon (and ultimately Mars) with the Artemis missions, the importance of evolving space medical operations in an Earth independent fashion becomes increasingly clear. Continuous human presence on the ISS for the past 20 years has demonstrated the successful development and execution of medical operations in low Earth orbit. However, this paradigm of ISS medical operations is dependent upon continuous real-time communications, frequent resupply missions, and the availability of rapid evacuation options. As the distance and time away from Earth increases, all of these dependencies will no longer be available. As a result, the paradigm of space medicine operations will need to become progressively more autonomous and less dependent upon mission support personnel on Earth", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2021 conference paper from Johnson Space Center specifically covers “Enabling Progressively Autonomous Medical Operations for Space Exploration”; its abstract describes As NASA and its International Partners prepare to expand human space exploration beyond the International Space Station (ISS) to the Moon (and ultimately Mars) with the… This materially informs GShips health and autonomous medicine.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "health and autonomous medicine", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20210019453", "title": "The Effects to Exposure of Simulated Spaceflight Radiation on Behavioral Health of Male and Female Mice ", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20210019453", "recordFingerprint": "883e28b9b44af7111d130743aa745aaf166c3c621d3248888ae1f0908abe7776", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20210019453", "title": "The Effects to Exposure of Simulated Spaceflight Radiation on Behavioral Health of Male and Female Mice ", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210019453", "topic": "human-factors", "year": 2021, "publishedAt": "2021-11-03T07:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "O. Siu", "S. Puukila", "L. Rubinstein", "C. G. T. Tahimic", "M. Lowe", "I. Korosteskij", "M. Semel", "J. Iyer" ], "publisher": "Ames Research Center", "resourceType": "Poster", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Exposure to space radiation is a principal consideration of spaceflight missions as risk is leveraged as time and dose—both expected to increase with future missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. Previous mission exposure levels, galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and solar particle events (SPE), have been characterized as increased compared to those natural to Earth and are predicted to cause robust deficits at higher doses and longer durations. The cognitive health implications of this critical difference are understood as risks to mission and crew operations. We examined potential radiation-induced disruptions on brain health through resting-state in-cage behavior. 23–24-week-old male and female mice were exposed to 0 cGy (Sham), 5 cGy, 15 cGy, and 50 cGy via Five-Ion GCR Simulation (H, Si, He, O, Fe) at the NASA Space Radiation Lab in Brookhaven National Labs. Behavioral and cognitive performance were evaluated via frequency/duration of digging, rearing, and grooming within the 72-hour period immediately following irradiation. Additionally, during this time we evaluated nestlet building using a 5-stage Deacon score, rating shredding and shelter assembly of cotton material from untouched (1) to shredded and formed into a crater shape (5). We have observed differences in Deacon score only among the 15 cGy subset. Further comparative performance analysis will be completed evaluating the differences in irradiation effects between male and female mice. These experimental design aspects that allot for gender-inclusivity is supportive of the diversification of future space travel mission plans. Investigating gender differences is an element under our main objective of determining radiation dose-response curves. In brief, these studies identified a space-relevant radiation dose of 15 cGy that that can be utilized for future standardized ground studies on the nervous system. ", "keywords": [ "spaceflight cognition impairment", "animal behaviour", "radiation exposure" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2021 poster from Ames Research Center specifically covers “The Effects to Exposure of Simulated Spaceflight Radiation on Behavioral Health of Male and Female Mice”; its abstract describes Exposure to space radiation is a principal consideration of spaceflight missions as risk is leveraged as time and dose—both expected to increase with future missions to the… This materially informs GShips human factors and habitability.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "human factors and habitability", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20230017643", "title": "Extraterrestrial Molecular Indicators of Life Investigation (EMILI)", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20230017643", "recordFingerprint": "204e6de3f9082e0f4404cd3365fc37af6716893c042336b579d136af56e750a9", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20230017643", "title": "Extraterrestrial Molecular Indicators of Life Investigation (EMILI)", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230017643", "topic": "destinations-astrobiology", "year": 2023, "publishedAt": "2023-12-14T05:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "William B. Brinckerhoff", "Desmond Kaplan", "M. Fernanda Mora", "Tomas Drevinskas", "Ryan Danell", "Andrej Grubisic", "Aaron C. Noell", "Bethany P. Theiling" ], "publisher": "Goddard Space Flight Center", "resourceType": "Poster", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Future missions to Enceladus, Europa, Mars, and beyond may seek the molecular signs of extraterrestrial life through chemical analysis of acquired samples. Particularly on ocean worlds such as Enceladus and Europa, samples may contain trace ocean-borne molecular biosignatures of extant life that may or may not share similarities to those of terrestrial life. In situ analyses must be prepared to detect and characterize a wide range of possible molecular species, structures, and patterns, typically with exquisite sensitivity and within a complex, poorly-characterized planetary environment. The Extraterrestrial Molecular Indicators of Life Investigation (EMILI) is designed to meet or exceed the requirements of such missions for organic molecular analysis through a powerful combination of dual chemical separation and both optical and mass spectrometry detection techniques, realized in an integrated, compact instrument package fully compatible with anticipated flight resources and conditions.\n\nThe full EMILI instrument combines two sample analysis subsystems to provide wide-ranging and complementary detection of organic compounds and inorganic salts. The Gas Analysis Processing System (GAPS) uses a chemical derivatization protocol with gas chromatography (GC) separation prior to detection in an ion trap mass spectrometer (ITMS) to enable full characterization of lower-polarity, volatile and semi-volatile molecules such as fatty acids and hydrocarbons. The Organic Capillary Electrophoresis ANalysis System (OCEANS) uses a liquid-based extraction protocol with CE separation to enable precise analysis of more water-soluble/polar compounds. OCEANS features a laser-induced fluorescence detection mode to perform ultra-sensitive quantitative analysis of chiral amino acids. In EMILI, OCEANS is additionally coupled to the same ITMS through a novel electrospray ionization interface. The common ITMS allows EMILI to identify and cross-correlate molecular species and patterns, detected through either or both protocols, of molecular weights to over 1000 u, potentially even revealing complex biosignatures such as alien oligopeptides and informational polymers.", "keywords": [ "Europa", "mass spectrometry", "capillary electrophoresis", "gas chromatogrpahy", "life detection", "biosignature", "Enceladus" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Extraterrestrial Molecular Indicators of Life Investigation (EMILI)” covers Europa, mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis, gas chromatogrpahy; it materially informs GShips work on life detection instruments.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "life-detection-instruments", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this poster was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20240011787", "title": "An Evaluation of Composite Primary Structure for Habitat Modules", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20240011787", "recordFingerprint": "3bf872a4a735e0f88a431242420996d1635aa12a832ccb4418def1028926b0e3", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20240011787", "title": "An Evaluation of Composite Primary Structure for Habitat Modules", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240011787", "topic": "structures-shielding", "year": 2024, "publishedAt": "2024-10-14T05:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Matthew T Ziglar", "Tin A Luu" ], "publisher": "Marshall Space Flight Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Boeing studied the use of composite structures in deep space habitats. Compared to metallic modules, composite structures offer increased strength and stiffness with reduced mass. The study evaluated the design considerations and the mass benefits of an all composite primary structure. The composite module design included a continuous pressure shell, composite longerons, and circumferential ring frames. The composite material selected was a high strength carbon fiber and epoxy slit tape prepreg. The manufacturing involved automated fiber placement and utilizing existing facilities and autoclaves. Analysis showed a 33% reduction in primary structure mass and an overall net reduction of nearly 1900 kg compared to metallic modules. The composite module demonstrated improved mass efficiency and opens new possibilities for mission performance in deep space exploration.", "keywords": [ "Composite", "Structure", "Habitat" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for primary-structure trade work on composite habitats, relevant to pressure-shell mass, joining, damage tolerance, inspection, and maintainability.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "composite habitat primary structure", "evidenceBoundary": "The record provides design-study context, but this pass did not validate material allowables, pressure testing, long-duration degradation, or repair methods. It is precursor context, not flight-qualification evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20250010678", "title": "In-Situ Resource Utilization with Advanced Manufacturing", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20250010678", "recordFingerprint": "4bb421f82a2559509ec12b4732b21ed3d47cf00a176d47c19db15ecdb7e33910", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20250010678", "title": "In-Situ Resource Utilization with Advanced Manufacturing", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20250010678", "topic": "manufacturing-isru", "year": 2025, "publishedAt": "2025-11-24T06:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Parker D Shake", "Jim L Lydon", "Anthony W Jones", "Maria A Chytka" ], "publisher": "Marshall Space Flight Center", "resourceType": "Poster", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) is a critical enabling technology for long-term lunar endeavors in the areas of outfitting and the development of structures required for establishing a lunar economy. Additive manufacturing (AM) using lunar regolith as a feedstock has become a top contender to support mission needs on the lunar surface.\n\nThe Advanced Manufacturing Branch at MSFC (EM42) has been leveraging their facilities, equipment, personnel, and expertise to explore many approaches to ISRU AM. Our primary efforts thus far have focused on laser-based systems. \n\nEM42 operates a modified Laser Powder Bed Fusion system which enables additive manufacturing with lunar regolith simulant. TRL 4 criteria have been met with higher material performance than shown in other State of the Art approaches to ISRU AM.\n\nEM42 has worked with industry to build a dirty vacuum rated 6 axis robotic arm for directed energy deposition style ISRU AM. This capability will enable the technology to approach a TRL 5 by testing in a dirty vacuum, the V20, located here at MSFC.\n\nThe Advanced Manufacturing Branch continues to stay up to date with and push the state of the art in ISRU AM and is continuously seeking ways through internal development and partnerships to further the TRL of this critical enabling technology.", "keywords": [ "Additive Manufacturing", "In-situ resource utilization" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2025 poster from Marshall Space Flight Center specifically covers “In-Situ Resource Utilization with Advanced Manufacturing”; its abstract describes In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) is a critical enabling technology for long-term lunar endeavors in the areas of outfitting and the development of structures required… This materially informs GShips manufacturing and ISRU.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "manufacturing and ISRU", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "reviewed-source-src-ak-loc-formats-2025", "title": "Recommended Formats Statement 2025–2026", "publicPath": "/atlas/reviewed-source-src-ak-loc-formats-2025", "recordFingerprint": "635fbebc59e427925dc19a35341fae8a7ab08da2c6be509dca199d2467c5a383", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "reviewed-source-src-ak-loc-formats-2025", "title": "Recommended Formats Statement 2025–2026", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/preservation/resources/rfs/", "topic": "reviewed-claim-source", "year": 2025, "authors": [ "Library of Congress" ], "publisher": "Library of Congress", "resourceType": "government-digital-preservation-guidance", "access": "official or primary link", "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Content-specific hierarchies and technical characteristics intended to improve long-term survival and accessibility of creative, documentary, dataset, database, design, and other formats.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "evidenceBoundary": "This stable source is used by at least one editorially assessed claim. 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