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The goal of this initiative, called Orbital Aggregation & Space Infrastructure Systems (OASIS), is to develop an in-space architecture and associated concepts that provide common infrastructure for enabling a large class of space missions. The concepts include communications, navigation and power systems, propellant modules, tank farms, habitats, and in-space transportation systems using several propulsion technologies. OASIS features in-space aggregation of systems and resources in support of mission objectives. The concepts feature a high level of reusability and are supported by inexpensive launch of propellant and logistics payloads from the Earth/moon system. Industry, NASA and other users could share infrastructure costs. The anticipated benefits of synergistic utilization of space infrastructure are reduced mission costs and increased mission flexibility for future space exploration and commercialization initiatives.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Orbital Aggregation and Space Infrastructure Systems (OASIS)” covers This paper summarizes the results of a NASA lead study performed to identify synergistic opportunities and concepts between; it materially informs GShips work on in space logistics.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "in-space-logistics", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20060034828", "title": "Smart Executives for Autonomous Spacecraft", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20060034828", "recordFingerprint": "673501de010faa0d3c6abac739bc48b5bb0536f18a7eb19353938534111df2ae", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20060034828", "title": "Smart Executives for Autonomous Spacecraft", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20060034828", "topic": "ai-autonomy", "year": 1998, "publishedAt": "1998-08-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Gat, E.", "Pell, B." ], "publisher": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory", "resourceType": "Reprint (Version printed in journal)", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "In this article we explore the design of an executive for an autonomous spacecraft. The executive is responsible for translating high-level commands, whether they come from the ground or from an on-board planner, into the low-level commands understood directly by the spacecraft hardware.", "keywords": [ "control system autonomous spacecraft planning functions on-board operation" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Smart Executives for Autonomous Spacecraft” covers control system autonomous spacecraft planning functions on-board operation; it materially informs GShips work on autonomous executives.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "autonomous-executives", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. 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In some cases, specific stability and gradient temperature limits will be imposed on flight system elements. The Thermal Control Subsystem of \"normal\" flight systems, the mass, power, control, and sensing systems mass and power requirements are below 10% of the total flight system resources. In general the thermal control subsystem engineer is involved in all other flight subsystem designs.", "keywords": [ "Jupiter Icy Moon Orbiter (JIMO)", "wax pellet thermal switch", "passive cryogenic radiator", "thermal control subsystem", "Black Sphere spacecraft", "solar system data" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for a spacecraft thermal-control design overview covering flight modes, temperature limits, stability, gradients, sensing, control, mass, and power interfaces.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "thermal control", "evidenceBoundary": "Only NTRS metadata and an abstract are open here; the preprint text, numerical guidance, and present applicability were not validated. It is foundational design context, not claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20110012304", "title": "Human Research Program Requirements Document. 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Human Research Program Revision E", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110012304", "topic": "health-medicine", "year": 2011, "publishedAt": "2011-05-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Vargas, Paul" ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Other", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "This document defines, documents, and allocates the Human Research Program (HRP) requirements to the HRP Program Elements. It also establishes the flow of requirements from the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD) and the Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer (OCHMO) down to the various HRP Program Elements to ensure that human research and technology countermeasure investments support the delivery of countermeasures and technologies that satisfy HEOMD's and OCHMO's exploration mission requirements.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2011 other from Johnson Space Center specifically covers “Human Research Program Requirements Document. Human Research Program Revision E”; its abstract describes This document defines, documents, and allocates the Human Research Program (HRP) requirements to the HRP Program Elements. 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A self-contained, onboard, autonomous navigation system can: (1) Eliminate delays due to round-trip light time (2) Eliminate the human factors in ground-based processing (3) Reduce turnaround time from navigation update to minutes, down to seconds (4) React to late-breaking data. At JPL, we have developed the framework and computational elements of an autonomous navigation system, called AutoNav. It was originally developed as one of the technologies for the Deep Space 1 mission, launched in 1998; subsequently used on three other spacecraft, for four different missions. The primary use has been on comet missions to track comets during flybys, and impact one comet.", "keywords": [ "navigation", "autonomy" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Autonomous Navigation for Deep Space Missions” covers navigation, autonomy; it materially informs GShips work on autonomous deep space navigation.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "autonomous-deep-space-navigation", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. Inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20130000761", "title": "MAARSS: Magnet Architectures and Active Radiation Shielding Study", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20130000761", "recordFingerprint": "1680ca80446251c3955d68da04ab38ec56c9dd77fd206a6701eef2a32386fb14", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20130000761", "title": "MAARSS: Magnet Architectures and Active Radiation Shielding Study", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20130000761", "topic": "structures-shielding", "year": 2012, "publishedAt": "2012-11-12T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Westover, Shayne C.", "Meinke, Rainer B.", "Battiston, Roberto", "Burger, William J.", "Van Sciver, Steven", "Washburn, Scott" ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Other", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Protecting humans from space radiation is a major hurdle for human exploration of the solar system and beyond. Like on Earth, large magnetic fields surrounding a spaceship would deflect charged particles away from the habitat region and reduce the radiation dose to acceptable limits. The objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of current state of the art (SOA) high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets as a means to protect crew from space radiation exposure on long duration missions beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The study will look at architecture concepts to deflect high energy Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCR) and Solar Proton Events (SPEs). Mass, power, and shielding efficiency will be considered and compared with current passive shielding capabilities. This report will walk the reader through several designs considered over the one year study and discuss the multiple parameters that should be evaluated for magnetic shielding. The study team eventually down-selects to a scalable light weight solenoid architecture that is launchable and then deployable using magnetic pressure to expand large diameter coils. Benefitting from the low temperature and high vacuum environment of deep space, existing high-temperature superconductors make such radiation shields realistic, near-term technical developments.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for the MAARSS study of active magnetic shielding, including coil architecture, field coverage, structural mass, power, and interaction with spacecraft systems.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "active magnetic radiation shielding", "evidenceBoundary": "The design study is low-readiness and this pass did not validate field models, secondary radiation, quench safety, mass, or power. It is active-shielding concept context, not proof of practical protection." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20160005014", "title": "Resource Prospector Instrumentation for Lunar Volatiles Prospecting, Sample Acquisition and Processing", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20160005014", "recordFingerprint": "a20be334bc618f9d37f7f1d3c9a6b7b1e4283dded631adebee196e6410d2f763", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20160005014", "title": "Resource Prospector Instrumentation for Lunar Volatiles Prospecting, Sample Acquisition and Processing", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20160005014", "topic": "manufacturing-isru", "year": 2016, "publishedAt": "2016-04-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Colaprete, A.", "Elphic, R.", "Paz, A.", "Smith, J.", "Captain, J.", "Zacny, K." ], "publisher": "Kennedy Space Center", "resourceType": "Presentation", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Data gathered from lunar missions within the last two decades have significantly enhanced our understanding of the volatile resources available on the lunar surface, specifically focusing on the polar regions. Several orbiting missions such as Clementine and Lunar Prospector have suggested the presence of volatile ices and enhanced hydrogen concentrations in the permanently shadowed regions of the moon. The Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) mission was the first to provide direct measurement of water ice in a permanently shadowed region. These missions with other orbiting assets have laid the groundwork for the next step in the exploration of the lunar surface; providing ground truth data of the volatiles by mapping the distribution and processing lunar regolith for resource extraction. This next step is the robotic mission Resource Prospector (RP).Resource Prospector is a lunar mission to investigate strategic knowledge gaps (SKGs) for in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). The mission is proposed to land in the lunar south pole near a permanently shadowed crater. The landing site will be determined by the science team with input from broader international community as being near traversable landscape that has a high potential of containing elevated concentrations of volatiles such as water while maximizing mission duration. A rover will host the Regolith Environment Science and Oxygen Lunar Volatile Extraction (RESOLVE) payload for resource mapping and processing. The science instruments on the payload include a 1-meter drill, neutron spectrometer, a near infrared spectrometer, an operations camera, and a reactor with a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer for volatile analysis.", "keywords": [ " Lunar Crater", "Resource Prospector", "In Situ Resource Utilization" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2016 presentation from Kennedy Space Center specifically covers “Resource Prospector Instrumentation for Lunar Volatiles Prospecting, Sample Acquisition and Processing”; its abstract describes Data gathered from lunar missions within the last two decades have significantly enhanced our understanding of the volatile resources available on the lunar surface,… This materially informs GShips manufacturing and ISRU.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "manufacturing and ISRU", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20160005653", "title": "Expanding NASA and Roscosmos Scientific Collaboration on the International Space Station", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20160005653", "recordFingerprint": "48f576a1a4d49cfdd52956bab1d611248c9e6c14487cdc09cce9705009909c33", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20160005653", "title": "Expanding NASA and Roscosmos Scientific Collaboration on the International Space Station", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20160005653", "topic": "institutions-workforce", "year": 2016, "publishedAt": "2016-05-24T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Hasbrook, Pete" ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Abstract", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "The International Space Station (ISS) is a world-class laboratory orbiting in space. NASA and Roscosmos have developed a strong relationship through the ISS Program Partnership, working together and with the other ISS Partners for more than twenty years. Since 2013, based on a framework agreement between the Program Managers, NASA and Roscosmos are building a joint program of collaborative research on ISS. This international collaboration is developed and implemented in phases. Initially, members of the ISS Program Science Forum from NASA and TsNIIMash (representing Roscosmos) identified the first set of NASA experiments that could be implemented in the \"near term\". The experiments represented the research categories of Technology Demonstration, Microbiology, and Education. Through these experiments, the teams from the \"program\" and \"operations\" communities learned to work together to identify collaboration opportunities, establish agreements, and jointly plan and execute the experiments. The first joint scientific activity on ISS occurred in January 2014, and implementation of these joint experiments continues through present ISS operations. NASA and TsNIIMash have proceeded to develop \"medium term\" collaborations, where scientists join together to improve already-proposed experiments. A major success is the joint One-Year Mission on ISS, with astronaut Scott Kelly and cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko, who returned from ISS in March, 2016. The teams from the NASA Human Research Program and the RAS Institute for Biomedical Problems built on their considerable experience to design joint experiments, learn to work with each other's protocols and processes, and share medical and research data. New collaborations are being developed between American and Russian scientists in complex fluids, robotics, rodent research and space biology, and additional human research. Collaborations are also being developed in Earth Remote Sensing, where scientists will share data from imaging systems mounted on ISS as well as other orbiting spacecraft to improve our understanding of the Earth and its climate. NASA and Roscosmos continue to encourage international scientific cooperation and expanded use of the ISS Laboratory. \"Long-term\", larger collaborations will achieve scientific objectives that no single national science team or agency can achieve on its own. The joint accomplishments achieved so far have paved the way for a stronger international scientific community and improved results and benefits from ISS.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2016 abstract from Johnson Space Center specifically covers “Expanding NASA and Roscosmos Scientific Collaboration on the International Space Station”; its abstract describes The International Space Station (ISS) is a world-class laboratory orbiting in space. NASA and Roscosmos have developed a strong relationship through the ISS Program… This materially informs GShips institutions and workforce.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "institutions and workforce", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20190025623", "title": "Toward a Unified Routing Framework for Delay-Tolerant Networking", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20190025623", "recordFingerprint": "f232f6947cdf0da46d80123ce4dbdd32baea6e763a654f58493f63818113416e", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20190025623", "title": "Toward a Unified Routing Framework for Delay-Tolerant Networking", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190025623", "topic": "communications-navigation", "year": 2016, "publishedAt": "2016-09-26T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Burleigh, S.", "Caini, C.", "Messina, J. J.", "Rodolfi, M." ], "publisher": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "Routing in Delay-/Disruption-Tolerant Networking (DTN) has long been recognized as a challenging research topic. The difficulty lies in the fact that link intermittency and network partitioning, possibly coupled with long delays, prevent the use of Internet solutions based on an up-to-date comprehensive knowledge of network topology, as communicated by routing protocols. In the literature on DTN routing, there is a dichotomy between solutions designed for deterministic (e.g., space flight) networks, such as Contact Graph Routing (CGR), and the wide variety of protocols designed for opportunistic terrestrial networks. After a discussion of the origin and motivations of this duality, the paper presents an opportunistic extension of CGR (OCGR). The aim is to try to resolve the DTN routing dichotomy by providing a unified approach suitable for all DTN environments.", "keywords": [ "Routing", "CGR", "Challenged Networks", "Space Networks", "Delay-/Disruption- Tolerant Networking", "component" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Toward a Unified Routing Framework for Delay-Tolerant Networking” covers Routing, CGR, Challenged Networks, Space Networks; it materially informs GShips work on delay tolerant networking.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "delay-tolerant-networking", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. Inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20205006930", "title": "In-Situ Resource Utilization Options for the Moon and Mars", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20205006930", "recordFingerprint": "b49ce00a6c90b66c159ae5f2a08771aa02492b06dfb4b8c2c6e69c789ac31b5a", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20205006930", "title": "In-Situ Resource Utilization Options for the Moon and Mars", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20205006930", "topic": "manufacturing-isru", "year": 2020, "publishedAt": "2020-10-09T04:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Julie Kleinhenz" ], "publisher": "Glenn Research Center", "resourceType": "Presentation", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) is key to enabling extended presence at exploration locations. NASA’s focus for ISRU to date has been human exploration locations: the Moon and Mars. Likewise the primary target for ISRU has been the production of mission consumables for propulsion and life support. Producing oxygen alone from minerals on the Moon or atmosphere on Mars can provide the majority of these consumables. However, accessing water at either location allows for full propellant production (fuel and oxidizer) as well as other applications (eg life support). Current and previous study efforts have looked at mission architectures and ISRU mass payback for these options. Studies have also identified gaps in information needed to design effective ISRU hardware and choose best architectures", "keywords": [ "In-Situ Resource Utilization" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2020 presentation from Glenn Research Center specifically covers “In-Situ Resource Utilization Options for the Moon and Mars”; its abstract describes In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) is key to enabling extended presence at exploration locations. NASA’s focus for ISRU to date has been human exploration locations: the… This materially informs GShips manufacturing and ISRU.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "manufacturing and ISRU", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20210004919", "title": "STARDUST: Discovery's InterStellar Dust and Cometary Sample Return Mission", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20210004919", "recordFingerprint": "19f421aea4a51b74e28c917c8ea5f72cd597cff17314df4eb1d94f1dc6b1a910", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20210004919", "title": "STARDUST: Discovery's InterStellar Dust and Cometary Sample Return Mission", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210004919", "topic": "mission-architecture", "year": 1997, "publishedAt": "1997-02-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Vellinga, J. M.", "Tsou, P.", "Yen, C.", "Duxbury, T.", "Brownlee, D. E.", "Atkins, K. L." ], "publisher": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory", "resourceType": "Other", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "The STARDUST Discovery mission will collect samples of cometary and interstellar dust and return them to Earth. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory provides project management with Lockheed Martin Astronautics as the spacecraft industrial partner. STARDUST management is aggressively pursuing cost control through the use of Total Quality Management principles, specifically operating in a Project Engineering and Integration Team that", "keywords": [ "STARDUST", "Discovery", "Program", "sample", "return", "comet", "dust", "concurrent", "engineering", "interstellar", "exobiology", "Wild", "2", "Total", "Quality", "Management", "(TQM)" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for STARDUST's interstellar-dust and comet sample-return mission, industrial partnership, project integration, cost-control, and exobiology context.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "robotic precursors and sample return", "evidenceBoundary": "Only NTRS metadata and an abstract are open here; sample integrity, management claims, and later mission outcomes require source-specific review. Inclusion is contextual, not automatic evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20210004988", "title": "Spacecraft Autonomous Navigation for Formation Flying Earth Orbiters Using GPS", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20210004988", "recordFingerprint": "f47b36fba63b698f22eeec087be111ecab36c53cbd274bc3cbd6b2898b166ea5", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20210004988", "title": "Spacecraft Autonomous Navigation for Formation Flying Earth Orbiters Using GPS", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210004988", "topic": "ai-autonomy", "year": 1996, "publishedAt": "1996-07-29T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Guinn, J. R." ], "publisher": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory", "resourceType": "Other", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "This paper extends earlier analysis for autonomous orbit determination and control of Earth orbiting spacecraft. The earlier analysis was limited to a single spacecraft with a ground track repeat requirement. This work shows that a similar technique is applicable for two spacecraft flying in formation. Tracking and orbit determination functions are performed using the Global Positioning System (GPS).", "keywords": [ "spacecraft", "autonomous", "navigation", "formation", "flying", "Earth", "orbiters", "GPS", "New", "Millennium", "Earth", "Orbiter-1", "autonomous", "formation", "flying", "mission" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Spacecraft Autonomous Navigation for Formation Flying Earth Orbiters Using GPS” covers spacecraft, autonomous, navigation, formation; it materially informs GShips work on autonomous navigation.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "autonomous-navigation", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. Inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20210020800", "title": "Habitability Models for Astrobiology", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20210020800", "recordFingerprint": "143a300b8701b9e1be19001e4eb898778cfdc189ff73ddeb46bd2f4381e71951", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20210020800", "title": "Habitability Models for Astrobiology", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210020800", "topic": "destinations-astrobiology", "year": 2021, "publishedAt": "2021-08-11T04:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Abel Mendez", "Edgard G Rivera-Valentin", "Dirk Schulze-Makuch", "Justin Filiberto", "Ramses M Ramirez", "Tana E Wood", "Alfonso Davila", "Chris Mckay" ], "publisher": "Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.", "resourceType": "Accepted Manuscript (Version with final changes)", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Habitability has been generally defined as the capability of an environment to support life. Ecologists have beenusing Habitat Suitability Models (HSMs) for more than four decades to study the habitability of Earth fromlocal to global scales. Astrobiologists have been proposing different habitability models for some time, with lit-tle integration and consistency among them, being different in function to those used by ecologists. Habitabilitymodels are not only used to determine whether environments are habitable, but they also are used to charac-terize what key factors are responsible for the gradual transition from low to high habitability states. Here wereview and compare some of the different models used by ecologists and astrobiologists and suggest how theycould be integrated into new habitability standards. Such standards will help improve the comparison and charac-terization of potentially habitable environments, prioritize target selections, and study correlations between habit-ability and biosignatures. Habitability models are the foundation of planetary habitability science, and the synergybetween ecologists and astrobiologists is necessary to expand our understanding of the habitability of Earth,the Solar System, and extrasolar planets.", "keywords": [ "Habitability", "Biosignatures", "Exoplanets", "Astrobiology" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Habitability Models for Astrobiology” covers Habitability, Biosignatures, Exoplanets, Astrobiology; it materially informs GShips work on planetary habitability modeling.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "planetary-habitability-modeling", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this accepted manuscript (version with final changes) was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20220016034", "title": "Ideas For Infusing In-Space Servicing, Assembly and Manufacturing Concepts into Nuclear Electric Propulsion Architectures\n\n", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20220016034", "recordFingerprint": "15ff00fdcc236913cac539bfc3a2ad42abb0d3a6f72dd437d22c93cf94c25adb", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20220016034", "title": "Ideas For Infusing In-Space Servicing, Assembly and Manufacturing Concepts into Nuclear Electric Propulsion Architectures\n\n", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220016034", "topic": "assembly-logistics", "year": 2022, "publishedAt": "2022-12-16T05:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Julia Cline", "John Dorsey", "David Kang", "Bill Doggett", "Danette Allen" ], "publisher": "Langley Research Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "NASA is currently investigating nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) for human Mars transport within the space nuclear propulsion portfolio. NEP spacecraft have the following characteristics, they: 1) include very large structures (~100-meter length); 2) are comprised of many components/modules; and 3) have very long lifetimes (e.g., 50 years for fuel rods). Thus, NEP spacecraft can be classified as a “persistent asset,” which is any zero-g or planetary surface system that benefits from in-space assembly (ISA) or multiple visits for servicing, repairs, and upgrades. NEP spacecraft will benefit from taking advantage of, and incorporating, In-space Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing (ISAM) capabilities in the spacecraft architecture from the onset, enabling system maintenance, repair, and evolution. ISA has a long history of being proposed for, and studied as, a means for achieving large systems in space. More recently, the benefits of ISA have been recognized by NASA, the Department of Defense (DOD), other government agencies, and commercial space companies, and thus, ISAM is being actively pursued at a national level. Past and current strategies for achieving large structures in space have relied largely on two strategies; the first is to launch monolithic structures (designed to meet launch vehicle requirements for payload size and mass) that are docked or berthed to other monolithic structures on-orbit to form a larger structure (e.g., the International Space Station [ISS]); the second is folding and packaging large structures to fit inside a payload fairing and deploying the full-sized structure (unaided) once on-orbit (e.g., the James Webb Space Telescope [JWST]). To date, conceptual architecture studies performed for NEP spacecraft capable of human-rated Mars transport have only included a combination of the two previously mentioned strategies. This paper will propose ideas for infusing ISAM strategies into NEP vehicle architectures that leverage existing and near future technologies and enable the resulting NEP systems to be realized in a more time- and cost-efficient manner.", "keywords": [ "in-space assembly", "nuclear electric propulsion", "space nuclear propulsion", "in-space servicing assembly manufacturing" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Ideas For Infusing In-Space Servicing, Assembly and Manufacturing Concepts into Nuclear Electric Propulsion Architectures” covers in-space assembly, nuclear electric propulsion, space nuclear propulsion, in-space servicing assembly manufacturing; it materially informs GShips work on nuclear propulsion isam.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "nuclear-propulsion-isam", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20230004199", "title": "Human Factors Support for On-Orbit Servicing, Assembly and Manufacturing Mission 1 (OSAM-1)", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20230004199", "recordFingerprint": "40fa678ab84b55988aa044a03d1c04ba02266deb83af7330914aa8b0bd770940", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20230004199", "title": "Human Factors Support for On-Orbit Servicing, Assembly and Manufacturing Mission 1 (OSAM-1)", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230004199", "topic": "assembly-logistics", "year": 2023, "publishedAt": "2023-03-01T05:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Cynthia H Null", "Jon B Holbrook", "Mary K Kaiser", "Bonnie B Novak" ], "publisher": "Langley Research Center", "resourceType": "Technical Memorandum (TM)", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "The NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) Human Factors Technical Discipline Team was requested by the Satellite Servicing Projects Division at Goddard Space Flight Center to provide support in assessing the design of the On-Orbit Servicing, Assembly and Manufacturing Mission 1 (OSAM-1) Mission Operations Center in light of concerns about overcrowding and potential for distractions, as well as assistance in creating a Human-Machine Interface style guide for OSAM-1 user interface design. This report contains the outcome of the NESC assessment.", "keywords": [ "On-Orbit Servicing, Assembly and Manufacturing Mission", "NASA Engineering and Safety Center", "Mission Operations Center", "Human-Machine Interface" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Human Factors Support for On-Orbit Servicing, Assembly and Manufacturing Mission 1 (OSAM-1)” covers On-Orbit Servicing, Assembly and Manufacturing Mission, NASA Engineering and Safety Center, Mission Operations Center, Human-Machine Interface; it materially informs GShips work on isam human factors.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "isam-human-factors", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this technical memorandum (tm) was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20250000752", "title": "Parametric Trade Space Investigation of Particle Bed Reactors for Nuclear Thermal Propulsion", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20250000752", "recordFingerprint": "0a53ca924532746fb9b7d9fb9d3da40304bfb2f2b6577e3c92b0e962b12ee00a", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20250000752", "title": "Parametric Trade Space Investigation of Particle Bed Reactors for Nuclear Thermal Propulsion", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20250000752", "topic": "power-thermal", "year": 2025, "publishedAt": "2025-05-08T04:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Jacob Stonehill", "Corey Smith", "Daria Nikitaeva", "Matthew Duchek" ], "publisher": "Marshall Space Flight Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) systems utilizing particle bed reactors (PBR) offer performance advantages over traditional NTP propulsion system designs. In addition to low pressure drop requirements through the reactor, PBRs can deliver high power density, potentially leading to lower mass designs. This work seeks to \ninvestigate various design points of PBR-based NTP systems. The DOD Space Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (SNTP) PBR design is a template for the trade space investigation. Parameter sweeps of core length, particle radius, system mass flow rate, packing fraction, bed thickness, and many other variables inform point design definitions. Coupled multiphysics modeling methodology yields data on the performance of design points, while ruling out any infeasible configurations. This study captures the mass and performance trades of feasible PBR designs.\n\nA PBR trade space database is generated and reveals that for a given thrust class, the SNTP-derived designs offer low mass, critical reactor options with reduced pressure drop requirements while using high-assay low\u0002-enriched uranium fuel. A comparison of the trade space summarizes the performance capabilities of PBR NTP reactors.", "keywords": [ "particle", "bed", "reactor", "nuclear", "thermal", "propulsion", "trade", "space", "NTP" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for its parametric particle-bed-reactor trade space spanning geometry, particle size, flow, packing, power density, mass, and performance for nuclear thermal propulsion.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "nuclear propulsion", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass did not reproduce calculations or assess safety, proliferation, test, or licensing constraints. It is civil high-consequence concept context, not design validation." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20260001265", "title": "Evaluating a Community-Based Intervention to Advance Food Equity and Climate Resilience in the South Bronx: Findings from the LEAF Program ", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20260001265", "recordFingerprint": "b38fab99a8fc19075b7854f493308e607ef8e9e0714cd7ddfb3bf68e33cf2d61", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20260001265", "title": "Evaluating a Community-Based Intervention to Advance Food Equity and Climate Resilience in the South Bronx: Findings from the LEAF Program ", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20260001265", "topic": "ecology-food", "year": 2026, "publishedAt": "2026-01-12T05:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ " Natalie Greaves-Peters", " Pamela A Koch", " Carolina Saavedra", "Erik Mencos Contreras", "Cynthia Rosenzweig", " Wei Yin", " Jack Algiere", " Jason Grauer" ], "publisher": "MDPI ", "resourceType": "Reprint (Version printed in journal)", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Access to ecologically grown, nutritious food remains limited in low-income U.S. communities due to cost, structural inequities, and the dominance of industrial food systems. Stone Barns Center’s Leading an Ecological and Accessible Food System (LEAF) program—developed through a community-based participatory partnership in the South Bronx—aims to address these challenges through biweekly distributions of regeneratively grown produce, seasonal gardening kits, and culturally responsive nutrition education. This study presents findings from the first two years (2023 and 2024) of a multi-timepoint repeated cross-sectional evaluation using six household-level surveys (n = 79–80 families per round). The surveys captured changes in fruit and vegetable consumption, gardening comfort, emotional well-being, participation in SNAP and WIC programs, food purchasing behaviors, and unmet needs. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvements were observed across key outcomes: mean fruit and vegetable intake increased from 3.8 to 4.5 (1–5 scale), comfort with growing food increased from 3.1 to 4.6, emotional response to gardening from 4.1 to 4.6. SNAP participation increased from 15% (12 of 79 households) to 33% (26 of 79 households), and purchasing shifted toward local access points. Notably, 99% (79 of 80 households) of Year 1 families returned for Year 2, reflecting strong engagement and trust. These results highlight the potential of integrated, community-partnered, and climate-aligned interventions to advance health equity, ecological literacy, and food justice. 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