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Therefore no relevant customer, defense, dual-use, or operational engagement is authorized by this policy.", "changeControl": "Material changes require a dated public rationale, independent review, and may not be approved by the founder alone.", "correctionPath": "/corrections" } } ], "reviewContract": { "questions": [ { "id": "question-1", "text": "Is each canonical record correctly identified, deduplicated, classified, dated, and scoped?", "required": true }, { "id": "question-2", "text": "Does the selection note explain relevance without automatically treating the resource as claim support?", "required": true }, { "id": "question-3", "text": "Are access, source class, version, retraction, rights, and transfer limits represented accurately?", "required": true } ], "exclusions": [ "Atlas inclusion is not endorsement and does not make a source evidence for a claim.", "Metadata review does not certify the full text, methods, data, or conclusions." ], "requestedScopeCodes": [ "information-science", "systems-engineering" ], "dispositions": [ "approve", "revise", "contest", "reject", "recuse" ], "prohibitedInputs": [ "private legal names or contact details", "identity documents or raw credential files", "accessibility or medical records", "confidential conflict evidence", "classified, export-controlled, proprietary, or exploit material" ], "freshness": { "maximumDecisionAgeFromFreezeDays": 365, "eventOccurrenceRule": "Not applicable to this packet family." }, "completionRule": "Every primary record must receive the required number of valid, current-fingerprint approvals; every complementary scope group and required domain must be covered; any unresolved revise, contest, or reject disposition blocks publication.", "highConsequenceRule": "Named medical, reproductive, nuclear, radiation, cybersecurity, governance, and dual-use conclusions require two distinct qualified independent humans covering complementary domain-method and rights/public-interest scopes." }, "primaryRecords": [ { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "core-09-3", "title": "ESA Concordia", "publicPath": "/atlas/core-09-3", "recordFingerprint": "a358464db9de543f73da1e48b8d1ad300493ed54144afe11ec40b592593054d5", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "core-09-3", "title": "ESA Concordia", "url": "https://explorationscience.esa.int/platforms/concordia/", "topic": "human-factors", "year": null, "authors": [], "publisher": "Primary or institutional source", "resourceType": "Primary or institutional source", "access": "official link", "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "selectionNote": "Inspected as a core capability-area source. 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Inclusion supplies context; it is not automatically evidence for a provisional claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19680032519", "title": "Synthetic fats as part of a closed-loop life support system.", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19680032519", "recordFingerprint": "eb264a49258053cd32e9e33a4ff0ac28696f734b1ab16a27f2db95e41bee35ce", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19680032519", "title": "Synthetic fats as part of a closed-loop life support system.", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680032519", "topic": "life-support", "year": 1967, "publishedAt": "1967-12-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Frankenfeld, J. W.", "Kaback, S. M.", "Shapira, J.", "Skopp, A." ], "publisher": "JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS, VOL. 4, P. 1671-1673.", "resourceType": "Reprint (Version printed in journal)", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "Chemical synthesis of caloric sources from metabolic wastes /especially carbon dioxide/ under space travel conditions for closed loop life support system", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 1967 reprint (version printed in journal) from JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS, VOL. 4, P. 1671-1673. specifically covers “Synthetic fats as part of a closed-loop life support system.”; its abstract describes Chemical synthesis of caloric sources from metabolic wastes /especially carbon dioxide/ under space travel conditions for closed loop life support system This materially informs GShips regenerative life support.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "regenerative life support", "evidenceBoundary": "Only NTRS metadata and abstract are open here; full-text methods and results were unavailable for this pass. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19880020977", "title": "Verification and validation of rulebased systems for Hubble Space Telescope ground support", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19880020977", "recordFingerprint": "c66906e99acc4782a335032e91c9a1897b89d0a38904fb121d57cfb70a622805", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19880020977", "title": "Verification and validation of rulebased systems for Hubble Space Telescope ground support", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19880020977", "topic": "analogs-verification", "year": 1988, "publishedAt": "1988-08-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Vick, Shon", "Lindenmayer, Kelly" ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "As rulebase systems become more widely used in operational environments, the focus is on the problems and concerns of maintaining expert systems. In the conventional software model, the verification and validation of a system have two separate and distinct meanings. To validate a system means to demonstrate that the system does what is advertised. The verification process refers to investigating the actual code to identify inconsistencies and redundancies within the logic path. In current literature regarding maintaining rulebased systems, little distinction is made between these two terms. In fact, often the two terms are used interchangeably. Verification and validation of rulebased systems are discussed as separate but equally important aspects of the maintenance phase. Also described are some of the tools and methods that were developed at the Space Telescope Science Institute to aid in the maintenance of the rulebased system.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Verification and validation of rulebased systems for Hubble Space Telescope ground support” covers As rulebase systems become more widely used in operational environments, the focus is on the problems and concerns; it materially informs GShips work on verification and validation.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "verification-and-validation", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20070013706", "title": "Space Exploration: Challenges in Medicine, Research, and Ethics", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20070013706", "recordFingerprint": "f142f0ff264cb8b63e4e1be80a6248cec0cb1735faf02d60f7275370a2b242f0", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20070013706", "title": "Space Exploration: Challenges in Medicine, Research, and Ethics", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20070013706", "topic": "governance-law", "year": 2007, "publishedAt": "2007-04-27T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Davis, Jeffrey R." ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "This viewgraph presentation describes the challenges that space exploration faces in terms of medicine, research and ethics. The topics include: 1) Effects of Microgravity on Human Physiology; 2) Radiation; 3) Bone; 4) Behavior and Performance; 5) Muscle; 6) Cardiovascular; 7) Neurovestibular; 8) Food and Nutrition; 9) Immunology and Hematology; 10) Environment; 11) Exploration; 12) Building Block Approach; 13) Exploration Issues; 14) Life Sciences Contributions; 15) Health Care; and 17) Habitability.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2007 conference paper from Johnson Space Center specifically covers “Space Exploration: Challenges in Medicine, Research, and Ethics”; its abstract describes This viewgraph presentation describes the challenges that space exploration faces in terms of medicine, research and ethics. The topics include: 1) Effects of Microgravity… This materially informs GShips governance and law.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "governance and law", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20110012713", "title": "Radiation Shielding of Lunar Regolith/Polyethylene Composites and Lunar Regolith/Water Mixtures", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20110012713", "recordFingerprint": "d3521360d643a10206ae392c81a00247c72f513d60934a90704948e87e100650", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20110012713", "title": "Radiation Shielding of Lunar Regolith/Polyethylene Composites and Lunar Regolith/Water Mixtures", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110012713", "topic": "structures-shielding", "year": 2011, "publishedAt": "2011-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Johnson, Quincy F.", "Gersey, Brad", "Wilkins, Richard", "Zhou, Jianren" ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Abstract", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Space radiation is a complex mixed field of ionizing radiation that can pose hazardous risks to sophisticated electronics and humans. Mission planning for lunar exploration and long duration habitat construction will face tremendous challenges of shielding against various types of space radiation in an attempt to minimize the detrimental effects it may have on materials, electronics, and humans. In late 2009, the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) discovered that water content in lunar regolith found in certain areas on the moon can be up to 5.6 +/-2.8 weight percent (wt%) [A. Colaprete, et. al., Science, Vol. 330, 463 (2010). ]. In this work, shielding studies were performed utilizing ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and aluminum, both being standard space shielding materials, simulated lunar regolith/ polyethylene composites, and simulated lunar regolith mixed with UHMWPE particles and water. Based on the LCROSS findings, radiation shielding experiments were conducted to test for shielding efficiency of regolith/UHMWPE/water mixtures with various percentages of water to compare relative shielding characteristics of these materials. One set of radiation studies were performed using the proton synchrotron at the Loma Linda Medical University where high energy protons similar to those found on the surface of the moon can be generated. A similar experimental protocol was also used at a high energy spalation neutron source at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). These experiments studied the shielding efficiency against secondary neutrons, another major component of space radiation field. In both the proton and neutron studies, shielding efficiency was determined by utilizing a tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) behind various thicknesses of shielding composite panels or mixture materials. Preliminary results from these studies indicated that adding 2 wt% water to regolith particles could increase shielding of the regolith materials by about 6%. The findings may be utilized to extend the possibilities of potential candidate materials for lunar habitat structures, will potentially impact the design criteria of future human bases on the moon, and provide some guidelines for future space mission planning with respect to radiation exposure and risks posed on astronauts.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for experimental testing of lunar-regolith and polyethylene shielding combinations, relevant to local-material use and hydrogen-rich passive protection.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "regolith composite shielding tests", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS metadata and abstract indicate test results, but curation did not reproduce exposures, material composition, transport analysis, or scaling to habitats. It is experimental context, not certified shielding evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20140008674", "title": "Global Climate Change, Food Security and the U.S. Food System", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20140008674", "recordFingerprint": "f22f0ca74b5c4e8ebfd3a672582194fb201295d442d9a7e8b52fd6e03218d23f", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20140008674", "title": "Global Climate Change, Food Security and the U.S. Food System", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20140008674", "topic": "ecology-food", "year": 2013, "publishedAt": "2013-06-25T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Brown, Molly Elizabeth", "Walsh, Margaret", "Hauser, Rachel", "Murray, Anthony", "Jadin, Jenna", "Baklund, Peter", "Robinson, Paula" ], "publisher": "Goddard Space Flight Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Climate change influences on the major pillars of food security. Each of the four elements of food security (availability,access,utilization,andstability) is vulnerable to changes in climate. For example,reductions in production related to regional drought influence food availability at multiple scales. Changes in price influences the ability of certain populations to purchase food (access). Utilization maybe affected when production zones shift, reducing the availability of preferred or culturally appropriate types of food within a region. Stability of the food supply may be highly uncertain given an increased incidence of extreme climatic events and their influence on production patterns.", "keywords": [ "Climate", "Food Security", "Global" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Global Climate Change, Food Security and the U.S. Food System” covers Climate, Food Security, Global; it materially informs GShips work on earthside food system resilience.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "earthside-food-system-resilience", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20140017101", "title": "Assessing 'Dangerous Climate Change': Required Reduction of Carbon Emissions to Protect Young People, Future Generations and Nature", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20140017101", "recordFingerprint": "ef97f2fac18c8550ae1d23d851151f4e51cf5022ac277c8d9941e4d495eb8327", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20140017101", "title": "Assessing 'Dangerous Climate Change': Required Reduction of Carbon Emissions to Protect Young People, Future Generations and Nature", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20140017101", "topic": "ethics-alternatives", "year": 2013, "publishedAt": "2013-12-03T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Hansen, James", "Kharecha, Pushker", "Sato, Makiko", "Masson-Demotte, Valerie", "Ackerman, Frank", "Beerling, David J.", "Hearty, Paul J.", "Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove" ], "publisher": "PLOS", "resourceType": "Reprint (Version printed in journal)", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "We assess climate impacts of global warming using ongoing observations and paleoclimate data. We use Earth's measured energy imbalance, paleoclimate data, and simple representations of the global carbon cycle and temperature to define emission reductions needed to stabilize climate and avoid potentially disastrous impacts on today's young people, future generations, and nature. A cumulative industrial-era limit of approx.500 GtC fossil fuel emissions and 100 GtC storage in the biosphere and soil would keep climate close to the Holocene range to which humanity and other species are adapted. Cumulative emissions of approx.1000 GtC, sometimes associated with 2 C global warming, would spur \"slow\" feedbacks and eventual warming of 3-4 C with disastrous consequences. Rapid emissions reduction is required to restore Earth's energy balance and avoid ocean heat uptake that would practically guarantee irreversible effects. Continuation of high fossil fuel emissions, given current knowledge of the consequences, would be an act of extraordinary witting intergenerational injustice. Responsible policymaking requires a rising price on carbon emissions that would preclude emissions from most remaining coal and unconventional fossil fuels and phase down emissions from conventional fossil fuels.", "keywords": [ "climate", "fossil fuels", "global warming" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2013 reprint (version printed in journal) from PLOS specifically covers “Assessing 'Dangerous Climate Change': Required Reduction of Carbon Emissions to Protect Young People, Future Generations and Nature”; its abstract describes We assess climate impacts of global warming using ongoing observations and paleoclimate data. We use Earth's measured energy imbalance, paleoclimate data, and simple… This materially informs GShips ethics and alternatives.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "ethics and alternatives", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20150015991", "title": "Growing Food for Space and Earth: NASA's Contributions to Vertical Agriculture", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20150015991", "recordFingerprint": "0bf95b3fca1c4a1607fdbe4162bd38e5df28754a5daf89054c08747204ac7731", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20150015991", "title": "Growing Food for Space and Earth: NASA's Contributions to Vertical Agriculture", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20150015991", "topic": "ecology-food", "year": 2015, "publishedAt": "2015-08-04T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Wheeler, Raymond M." ], "publisher": "Kennedy Space Center", "resourceType": "Presentation", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Beginning in the 1980s with NASA's Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) Program and later the 1990s and early 2000s with the Advanced Life Support Project, NASA conducted extensive testing with crops in controlled environment conditions. One series of tests conducted at Kennedy Space Center used a large chamber with vertically stacked shelves to support hydroponic growing trays, with a bank of electric lamps above each shelf. This is essentially the same approach that has become popular for use in so-called vertical agriculture systems, which attempts to optimize plant production in a fixed volume. Some of the findings and commonalities of NASA's work during this period and how it overlaps with current interests in vertical agriculture will be presented in the talk.", "keywords": [ "Controlled Environment Agriculture", "Bioregenerative Life Support", "Advanced Life Support Project" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Growing Food for Space and Earth: NASA's Contributions to Vertical Agriculture” covers Controlled Environment Agriculture, Bioregenerative Life Support, Advanced Life Support Project; it materially informs GShips work on controlled environment agriculture.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "controlled-environment-agriculture", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this presentation was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20170008989", "title": "Ionic Liquids Enabling Revolutionary Closed-Loop Life Support", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20170008989", "recordFingerprint": "45bb49fb59ffd0373ae2ca6d798dd22c852a2415e9aa38ce84dfffed8ded37d2", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20170008989", "title": "Ionic Liquids Enabling Revolutionary Closed-Loop Life Support", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20170008989", "topic": "life-support", "year": 2017, "publishedAt": "2017-07-16T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Brown, Brittany R.", "Abney, Morgan B.", "Karr, Laurel", "Stanley, Christine M.", "Paley, Steve" ], "publisher": "Marshall Space Flight Center", "resourceType": "Abstract", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Minimizing resupply from Earth is essential for future long duration manned missions. The current oxygen recovery system aboard the International Space Station is capable of recovering approximately 50% of the oxygen from metabolic carbon dioxide. For long duration manned missions, a minimum of 75% oxygen recovery is targeted with a goal of greater than 90%. Theoretically, the Bosch process can recover 100% of oxygen, making it a promising technology for oxygen recovery for long duration missions. However, the Bosch process produces elemental carbon which ultimately fouls the catalyst. Once the catalyst performance is compromised, it must be replaced resulting in undesired resupply mass. Based on the performance of a Bosch system designed by NASA in the 1990's, a three year Martian mission would require approximately 1315 kg (2850 lbs) of catalyst resupply. It may be possible to eliminate catalyst resupply with a fully regenerable system using an Ionic Liquid (IL)-based Bosch system. In 2016, we reported the feasibility of using ILs to produce an iron catalyst on a copper substrate and to regenerate the iron catalyst by extracting the iron from the copper substrate and product carbon. Additionally, we described a basic system concept for an IL-based Bosch. Here we report the results of efforts to scale catalyst preparation, to scale catalyst regeneration, and to scale the carbon formation processing rate of a single reactor.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2017 abstract from Marshall Space Flight Center specifically covers “Ionic Liquids Enabling Revolutionary Closed-Loop Life Support”; its abstract describes Minimizing resupply from Earth is essential for future long duration manned missions. 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The GeneLab Data Systems (GLDS) version 4.0 will be available on October 1st 2019, and will provide a state-of-the-art bioinformatics platform for the space biology and radiation communities to upload their data into an omics data commons, to process their data with vetted standard workflows and to compare with existing analyses. Started in 2015 as a repository designed to archive omics data from space experiments, GeneLab has expanded its scope to all ionizing radiation omics experiments conducted on the ground and has put considerable effort in providing carefully characterized radiation metadata on all datasets. GeneLab is also providing processed data derived from the raw data covering a large spectrum of omics (genome, epigenome, transcriptome, epitranscriptome, proteome, metabolome) to help users explore important questions: 1) Which genes or proteins are expressed differently in space for various living organisms? 2) What specific DNA mutations or epigenetic changes happen in space or after exposure to ionizing radiation? and 3) How does genetics affect these responses? Processed data available on GeneLab are derived by standard data analysis workflows vetted by hundreds of scientists who volunteered to join one of the four GeneLab Analysis Working Groups (Animal AWG, Plant AWG, Microbe AWG, Multi-Omics AWG). In this presentation, we will discuss how to bridge the gap between irradiation studies performed on earth and biological experiments conducted in space since the early 1990's. We will discuss how radiation dosimetry was estimated for datasets derived from samples collected during the Space Shuttle era on the International Space Station and on other orbiting platforms. Finally, we will address future strategies regarding dose monitoring in future missions into space, inter-agency efforts to unify data under one umbrella, and knowledge dissemination across the radiation research community and the space biology community.", "keywords": [ "open-science", "database", "radiation" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for extending GeneLab's data model to ground-based radiation studies, improving comparability between spaceflight omics and controlled exposure experiments.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "radiation omics data", "evidenceBoundary": "The NTRS presentation record indicates scope expansion, but this pass did not audit datasets, harmonization, or analytical validity. 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