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Inclusion supplies context; it is not automatically evidence for a provisional claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19670057127", "title": "Space navigation.", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19670057127", "recordFingerprint": "fca7ad8d5f4f9668d2fbce67d8b504128b90550e6697032cfe930c5a9f28b7e0", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19670057127", "title": "Space navigation.", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670057127", "topic": "communications-navigation", "year": 1967, "publishedAt": "1967-06-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Mcdonald, W. T.", "Stern, R. G." ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "Deep space navigation and guidance technology, emphasizing simplification of onboard navigation procedures", "keywords": [ "NAVIGATION AND GUIDANCE", "ONBOARD NAVIGATION", "GUIDANCE (MOTION)", "SPACE NAVIGATION", "MICROELECTRONICS", "DEEP SPACE" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Space navigation.” covers NAVIGATION AND GUIDANCE, ONBOARD NAVIGATION, GUIDANCE (MOTION), SPACE NAVIGATION; it materially informs GShips work on autonomous deep space navigation.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "autonomous-deep-space-navigation", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. Inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19830007769", "title": "Controlled ecological life support system: Transportation analysis", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19830007769", "recordFingerprint": "e2b60a90a3942df943b70d7c5a91f90b5581ac8e8933e4d13fabfa680049decf", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19830007769", "title": "Controlled ecological life support system: Transportation analysis", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830007769", "topic": "ecology-food", "year": 1982, "publishedAt": "1982-11-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Gustan, E.", "Vinopal, T." ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Contractor Report (CR)", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "This report discusses a study utilizing a systems analysis approach to determine which NASA missions would benefit from controlled ecological life support system (CELSS) technology. The study focuses on manned missions selected from NASA planning forecasts covering the next half century. Comparison of various life support scenarios for the selected missions and characteristics of projected transportation systems provided data for cost evaluations. This approach identified missions that derived benefits from a CELSS, showed the magnitude of the potential cost savings, and indicated which system or combination of systems would apply. This report outlines the analytical approach used in the evaluation, describes the missions and systems considered, and sets forth the benefits derived from CELSS when applicable.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 1982 contractor report (cr) from Legacy CDMS specifically covers “Controlled ecological life support system: Transportation analysis”; its abstract describes This report discusses a study utilizing a systems analysis approach to determine which NASA missions would benefit from controlled ecological life support system (CELSS)… This materially informs GShips closed ecology and food.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "closed ecology and food", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19860060954", "title": "Environmental control/life support system for Space Station", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19860060954", "recordFingerprint": "8bfb2715509abda4093f8fdbad3815a90dcb3047f9506d8925e61969c87e3e55", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19860060954", "title": "Environmental control/life support system for Space Station", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860060954", "topic": "life-support", "year": 1986, "publishedAt": "1986-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Miller, C. W.", "Heppner, D. B.", "Schubert, F. H.", "Dahlhausen, M. J." ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Reprint (Version printed in journal)", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "The functional, operational, and design load requirements for the Environmental Control/Life Support System (ECLSS) are described. The ECLSS is divided into two groups: (1) an atmosphere management group and (2) a water and waste management group. The interaction between the ECLSS and the Space Station Habitability System is examined. The cruciform baseline station design, the delta and big T module configuration, and the reference Space Station configuration are evaluated in terms of ECLSS requirements. The distribution of ECLSS equipment in a reference Space Station configuration is studied as a function of initial operating conditions and growth orbit capabilities. The benefits of water electrolysis as a Space Station utility are considered.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 1986 reprint (version printed in journal) from Legacy CDMS specifically covers “Environmental control/life support system for Space Station”; its abstract describes The functional, operational, and design load requirements for the Environmental Control/Life Support System (ECLSS) are described. The ECLSS is divided into two groups: (1)… This materially informs GShips regenerative life support.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "regenerative life support", "evidenceBoundary": "Only NTRS metadata and abstract are open here; full-text methods and results were unavailable for this pass. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19900037748", "title": "Controlled Ecological Life Support System Breadboard Project - 1988", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19900037748", "recordFingerprint": "33e4d20b7f9633e3032adce4f5cfa2c18bbcaaa460c2127f5d5e38a4659482d0", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19900037748", "title": "Controlled Ecological Life Support System Breadboard Project - 1988", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900037748", "topic": "ecology-food", "year": 1989, "publishedAt": "1989-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Knott, W. M." ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "The Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) Breadboard Project, NASA's effort to develop the technology required to produce a functioning bioregenerative system, is discussed. The different phases of the project and its current status are described. The relationship between the project components are shown, and major project activities for fiscal years 1989-1993 are listed. The biomass production chamber to be used by the project is described.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 1989 conference paper from Legacy CDMS specifically covers “Controlled Ecological Life Support System Breadboard Project - 1988”; its abstract describes The Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) Breadboard Project, NASA's effort to develop the technology required to produce a functioning bioregenerative system,… This materially informs GShips closed ecology and food.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "closed ecology and food", "evidenceBoundary": "Only NTRS metadata and abstract are open here; full-text methods and results were unavailable for this pass. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19920003915", "title": "Voyager Interstellar Mission (VIM)", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19920003915", "recordFingerprint": "a935e0faf49dedbbf5e601868e8efc30c143ba5ded11b2870de7578198c8a5f3", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19920003915", "title": "Voyager Interstellar Mission (VIM)", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920003915", "topic": "mission-architecture", "year": 1991, "publishedAt": "1991-10-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Rudd, R.", "Textor, G." ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Reprint (Version printed in journal)", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "The DSN (Deep Space Network) mission support requirements for the Voyager Interstellar Mission (VIM) are summarized. The general objectives of the VIM are to investigate the interplanetary and interstellar media and to continue the Voyager program of ultraviolet astronomy. The VIM will utilize both Voyager spacecraft for the period from January 1990 through December 2019. The mission objectives are outlined and the DSN support requirements are defined through the presentation of tables and narratives describing the spacecraft flight profile; DSN support coverage; frequency assignments; support parameters for telemetry, control and support systems; and tracking support responsibility.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for Voyager's flight profile, frequency assignments, DSN coverage, and communications-support requirements through a decades-long interstellar mission plan.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "communications and mission operations", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but curation used metadata and abstract rather than validating the historical support plan or current status. It is long-duration operations context, not claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19930018627", "title": "Automation of Space Station module power management and distribution system", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19930018627", "recordFingerprint": "04cf1ccabd8a59fac77481355d9d2406b9553755457647a3742f90519411a3c9", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19930018627", "title": "Automation of Space Station module power management and distribution system", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930018627", "topic": "power-thermal", "year": 1990, "publishedAt": "1990-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Bechtel, Robert", "Weeks, Dave", "Walls, Bryan" ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "Viewgraphs on automation of space station module (SSM) power management and distribution (PMAD) system are presented. Topics covered include: reasons for power system automation; SSM/PMAD approach to automation; SSM/PMAD test bed; SSM/PMAD topology; functional partitioning; SSM/PMAD control; rack level autonomy; FRAMES AI system; and future technology needs for power system automation.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for Space Station module power-management automation, including topology, functional partitioning, rack autonomy, an AI testbed, and identified future needs.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "power-system autonomy", "evidenceBoundary": "Only NTRS metadata and an abstract are open here; the viewgraphs, testbed results, and transfer to modern safety-critical power systems were not validated. It is historical autonomy context, not claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20100003414", "title": "The Habitat Demonstration Unit Project Overview", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20100003414", "recordFingerprint": "2438a5b893a105abe845deee6df10c2157bfdc409a7a746b23272b41792ffbcf", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20100003414", "title": "The Habitat Demonstration Unit Project Overview", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20100003414", "topic": "analogs-verification", "year": 2010, "publishedAt": "2010-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Kennedy, Kriss J.", "Grill, Tracy R.", "Tri, Terry O.", "Howe, Alan S." ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "This paper will describe an overview of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) led multi-center Habitat Demonstration Unit (HDU) Project. The HDU project is a \"technology-pull\" project that integrates technologies and innovations from numerous NASA centers. This project will be used to investigate and validate surface architectures, operations concepts, and requirements definition of various habitation concepts. The first habitation configuration this project will build and test is the Pressurized Excursion Module (PEM). This habitat configuration - the PEM - is based on the Constellation Architecture Scenario 12.1 concept of a vertically oriented habitat module. The HDU project will be tested as part of the 2010 Desert Research and Technologies Simulations (D-RATS) test objectives. The purpose of this project is to develop, integrate, test, and evaluate a habitat configuration in the context of the mission architectures and surface operation concepts. A multi-center approach will be leveraged to build, integrate, and test the PEM through a shared collaborative effort of multiple NASA centers. The HDU project is part of the strategic plan from the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) Directorate Integration Office (DIO) and the Lunar Surface Systems Project Office (LSSPO) to test surface elements in a surface analog environment. The 2010 analog field test will include two Lunar Electric Rovers (LER) and the PEM among other surface demonstration elements. This paper will describe the overall objectives, its various habitat configurations, strategic plan, and technology integration as it pertains to the 2010 and 2011 field analog tests. To accomplish the development of the PEM from conception in June 2009 to rollout for operations in July 2010, the HDU project team is using a set of design standards to define the interfaces between the various systems of PEM and to the payloads, such as the Geology Lab, that those systems will support. Scheduled activities such as early fit-checks and the utilization of a habitat avionics test bed prior to equipment installation into PEM are planned to facilitate the integration process.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because it describes NASA’s multi-center Habitat Demonstration Unit as an integrated test program for habitat systems and operations.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "habitat-testbeds", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20120015450", "title": "GEOLAB: A Habitat-Based Geoscience Laboratory for Human Exploration Missions", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20120015450", "recordFingerprint": "37a557128a87c12177f254a6b390003601714422f4318d435dd568aa9c5c847f", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20120015450", "title": "GEOLAB: A Habitat-Based Geoscience Laboratory for Human Exploration Missions", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20120015450", "topic": "analogs-verification", "year": 2012, "publishedAt": "2012-10-10T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Evans, C. A.", "Calaway, M. J.", "Bell, M. S." ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "GeoLab is a geological laboratory and test bed designed for conducting geoscience activities during NASA's analog missions. Scientists at NASA's Johnson Space Center built GeoLab as part of a technology project to aid the development of science operational concepts and to test a variety of analytical tools that could be developed for future planetary surface missions. It is integrated into NASA's Deep Space Habitat (DSH), an exploration habitat test article (Figure 2). As a prototype workstation, GeoLab provides a high fidelity facility for analog mission crewmembers to perform preliminary examination and characterization of geologic samples and communicate their findings to supporting scientists.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because it treats a habitat-integrated geoscience laboratory as an analog testbed for crew workflow, containment, instruments, and exploration operations.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "habitat-laboratories", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20150018325", "title": "Embedded Thermal Control for Subsystems for Next Generation Spacecraft Applications", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20150018325", "recordFingerprint": "1d95444a0d45792e1ea67181002ccdaa6bdd84f832bbc5f004099af0823c2fd0", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20150018325", "title": "Embedded Thermal Control for Subsystems for Next Generation Spacecraft Applications", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20150018325", "topic": "power-thermal", "year": 2015, "publishedAt": "2015-08-03T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Didion, Jeffrey R." ], "publisher": "Goddard Space Flight Center", "resourceType": "Presentation", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Thermal Fluids and Analysis Workshop, Silver Spring MD NCTS 21070-15. NASA, the Defense Department and commercial interests are actively engaged in developing miniaturized spacecraft systems and scientific instruments to leverage smaller cheaper spacecraft form factors such as CubeSats. This paper outlines research and development efforts among Goddard Space Flight Center personnel and its several partners to develop innovative embedded thermal control subsystems. Embedded thermal control subsystems is a cross cutting enabling technology integrating advanced manufacturing techniques to develop multifunctional intelligent structures to reduce Size, Weight and Power (SWaP) consumption of both the thermal control subsystem and overall spacecraft. Embedded thermal control subsystems permit heat acquisition and rejection at higher temperatures than state of the art systems by employing both advanced heat transfer equipment (integrated heat exchangers) and high heat transfer phenomena. The Goddard Space Flight Center Thermal Engineering Branch has active investigations seeking to characterize advanced thermal control systems for near term spacecraft missions. The embedded thermal control subsystem development effort consists of fundamental research as well as development of breadboard and prototype hardware and spaceflight validation efforts. This paper will outline relevant fundamental investigations of micro-scale heat transfer and electrically driven liquid film boiling. The hardware development efforts focus upon silicon based high heat flux applications (electronic chips, power electronics etc.) and multifunctional structures. Flight validation efforts include variable gravity campaigns and a proposed CubeSat based flight demonstration of a breadboard embedded thermal control system. The CubeSat investigation is technology demonstration will characterize in long-term low earth orbit a breadboard embedded thermal subsystem and its individual components to develop optimized operational schema.", "keywords": [ "Spacecraft Systems", "Thermal Control", "0000" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for embedded thermal-control development integrating advanced manufacturing at component, board, and enclosure scales for compact spacecraft electronics and instruments.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "thermal control", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass screened metadata and abstract and did not verify achieved performance or later technology maturity. It is component-development context, not claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20210013734", "title": "Implementing Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking for NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Clouds, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Mission ", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20210013734", "recordFingerprint": "65010e4423a6e4e32f2ca067442eed96581384796b59d043ae2e890af9ebe424", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20210013734", "title": "Implementing Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking for NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Clouds, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Mission ", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210013734", "topic": "communications-navigation", "year": 2021, "publishedAt": "2021-05-07T04:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "David J Israel", "J P Swinski", "Jonathan Wilmot", "Susanne Strege", "Ben Anderson", "Peyush Jain", "Carla Matusow" ], "publisher": "Goddard Space Flight Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Clouds, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission will be the first NASA science mission to use Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) for routine operations. The DTN Bundle Protocol (BP) is being integrated into the core Flight Software (cFS) for the transfer of house-keeping files. DTN nodes will also be integrated into the Near Space Network (NSN) ground stations and the PACE Mission Operations Center. This paper will describe the DTN implementations, the PACE DTN operations concept and how this mission is a significant step towards the Solar System Internet.", "keywords": [ "dtn", "networking", "pace", "science missions", "data", "space internetworking", "delay/disruption tolerant networking" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Implementing Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking for NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Clouds, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Mission” covers dtn, networking, pace, science missions; it materially informs GShips work on delay tolerant networking.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "delay-tolerant-networking", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20230006397", "title": "Human Research Program: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance Research to Enable Artemis", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20230006397", "recordFingerprint": "7bed9b1b1a36de7c0b685d47d5b2d12560ae3b6069eab86b966ce8db4593dfcf", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20230006397", "title": "Human Research Program: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance Research to Enable Artemis", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230006397", "topic": "health-medicine", "year": 2023, "publishedAt": "2023-04-26T07:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Brian F Gore" ], "publisher": "Ames Research Center", "resourceType": "Presentation", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "This discussion provides an overview of the human research program (HRP), the Human Factors and Behavioral Performance Element (HFBP), and outlines currently documented research using AR/VR or Hybrid Reality to maintain or improve human behavior for long duration exploration mission environments. Different analog environments are also discussed in this presentation (ISS and HERA). ", "keywords": [ "Human Research Program", "virtual reality", "augmented reality" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2023 presentation from Ames Research Center specifically covers “Human Research Program: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance Research to Enable Artemis”; its abstract describes This discussion provides an overview of the human research program (HRP), the Human Factors and Behavioral Performance Element (HFBP), and outlines currently documented… This materially informs GShips health and autonomous medicine.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "health and autonomous medicine", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20230015434", "title": "High-Rate Delay Tolerant Networking (HDTN) User Guide Version 1.3.0", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20230015434", "recordFingerprint": "2d4b3ee258ef97ed0946ef8d4a3d486d75661f00b37b1efb3710e0f08edff189", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20230015434", "title": "High-Rate Delay Tolerant Networking (HDTN) User Guide Version 1.3.0", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230015434", "topic": "communications-navigation", "year": 2024, "publishedAt": "2024-05-23T04:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Stephanie Booth", "Rachel Dudukovich", "Nadia Kortas", "Ethan Schweinsberg", "Brian Tomko", "Blake LaFuente", "Evan Danish", "Timothy Recker" ], "publisher": "Glenn Research Center", "resourceType": "Technical Memorandum (TM)", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) has been identified as a key technology to enable and facilitate the development and growth of future space networks. Classically, space communications networks are collections of disparate links that are manually managed either point-to-point or use space relays. The accelerating accessibility of space enables a new scaling of space nodes, yet both the manual management of configurations and scheduling and the lack of structure connecting links precisely prohibit scaling. This challenge gives rise to newer and larger classes of communications needs that are met by DTN, which must overcome the disconnection, disruption, latency, and mobility featured in space communications systems.\n\nDTN joins the underlying links as an overlay, and can be made to communicate over any protocol stack. The core actions of DTN are store, carry, and forward, where data are stored instead of dropped if there is no immediately available outduct. It does this by taking the DTN unit of data, bundles, and providing necessary layers to adapt these bundles to the underlying transport protocols of choice; these are called convergence layers. DTN's Bundle Protocol (BP) can then be used on top of terrestrial protocol stacks, such as TCP/IP, as well as protocols for space, such as LTP/AOS, all in the same network. For emphasis it is noted that bundles can be of essentially any size, and hence this convergence to lower layers of choice is necessary.\n\nExisting DTN implementations have operated in constrained environments with limited resources, resulting in low data speeds. However, as various technologies have advanced, data transfer rates and efficiency have advanced, which has pushed the need for a DTN implementation for ground systems and for spacecraft that is performance-oriented in order to not impose an unnecessary bottleneck.\n\nHigh-rate Delay Tolerant Networking (HDTN) takes advantage of modern hardware platforms to substantially reduce latency and improve throughput compared to today’s DTN operations. The HDTN implementation maintains interoperability with existing deployments of DTN that conform to IETF RFCs 4838, 5050, and 9171. At the same time, HDTN defines a new data format better suited to higher-rate operation. It defines and adopts a massively parallel pipelined and message-oriented architecture, allowing the system to scale gracefully as its resources increase. HDTN’s architecture also supports hooks to replace various processing pipeline elements with specialized hardware accelerators. This offers improved Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) characteristics while reducing development complexity and cost.", "keywords": [ "Delay Tolerant Networking" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “High-Rate Delay Tolerant Networking (HDTN) User Guide Version 1.3.0” covers Delay Tolerant Networking; it materially informs GShips work on delay tolerant networking.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "delay-tolerant-networking", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this technical memorandum (tm) was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20250009058", "title": "ISS4Mars: Using Low Earth Orbit Stations to Enable Human Exploration of Mars", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20250009058", "recordFingerprint": "f5933ab8b20af3ce725a6090e127dc23246552e05d3edd49ec077a08e95b7d8d", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20250009058", "title": "ISS4Mars: Using Low Earth Orbit Stations to Enable Human Exploration of Mars", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20250009058", "topic": "analogs-verification", "year": 2025, "publishedAt": "2025-09-29T05:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Jancy McPhee", "Livio Narici" ], "publisher": "International Astronautical Federation (IAF)", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "ISS4Mars is a global initiative to use the International Space Station (ISS) as an analog of human missions to Mars. The ISS provides a spaceflight platform that can be used to test different operational scenarios that mimic the autonomy, duration, and communication delays expected during a Mars mission. Studies conducted on the ISS can assess the risks that astronauts will encounter during a Mars mission and the integrated technologies and countermeasures required to keep them safe. The idea of using the ISS as a testbed for a Mars Mission was first presented in Prague at the Humans in Space Symposium in 2015. After two international workshops, one held in Rome in 2018, and one held remotely in 2020–2021, space agencies agreed to implement a stepwise approach, starting with simple use cases. Five use cases were identified, and the international Multilateral Human Research Panel for Exploration (MHRPE) added more details to the use cases, including considerations for operational feasibility, and each agency’s desired role in preparing for potential implementation. The MHRPE then selected four of these use cases and one space agency to lead the development of each implementation plan. These four use cases are described in this paper, focusing on which facets of a Mars mission they will survey and the operational challenges of implementing them on the ISS. The following practices regarding the ISS4Mars initiative are discussed: (1) scenarios, technologies, and countermeasures must be first tested in terrestrial analogs of spaceflight, parabolic flight, or suborbital and shorter duration orbital spaceflight; (2) ISS4Mars studies should not affect other research being conducted on the ISS, however, they should represent some of the highest priority research to enable human exploration; (3) commercial low Earth orbit (LEO) stations should be considered for implementing these studies post-ISS; (4) new international collaborative methods and partnerships should be pursued, if needed, to implement these studies on the ISS. These use cases are a first step toward using LEO and lunar platforms as analogs to prepare for future Mars missions. Ultimately, many, if not all, Mars mission operations will be tested in advance to optimize integration and synergy. This testing will require extensive planning, potentially involving scaling up single use cases to a multiple use case approach. By safely working close to Earth using the ISS4Mars approach, international agencies and commercial partners can develop the vehicles and tools needed to enable human exploration of Mars. ", "keywords": [ "ISS4Mars", "Human health", "Mars mission", "Human space exploration", "Low Earth orbit", "International Space Station" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “ISS4Mars: Using Low Earth Orbit Stations to Enable Human Exploration of Mars” covers ISS4Mars, Human health, Mars mission, Human space exploration; it materially informs GShips work on iss to mars precursors.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "iss-to-mars-precursors", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "reviewed-source-src-c1517-nasa-osam1", "title": "On-orbit Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing 1 (OSAM-1)", "publicPath": "/atlas/reviewed-source-src-c1517-nasa-osam1", "recordFingerprint": "2759b7151e05ae8118d9c522da4bf8c9ba5075a2879f52986f9b812541280b26", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "reviewed-source-src-c1517-nasa-osam1", "title": "On-orbit Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing 1 (OSAM-1)", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/mission/on-orbit-servicing-assembly-and-manufacturing-1/", "topic": "reviewed-claim-source", "year": 2026, "authors": [ "National Aeronautics and Space Administration" ], "publisher": "NASA", "resourceType": "cancelled-program-record", "access": "official or primary link", "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Official record of OSAM-1 objectives and cancellation after technical, cost, schedule, integration, test, return-on-investment, partner, and unprepared-client-interface difficulties.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "evidenceBoundary": "This stable source is used by at least one editorially assessed claim. 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