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Therefore no relevant customer, defense, dual-use, or operational engagement is authorized by this policy.", "changeControl": "Material changes require a dated public rationale, independent review, and may not be approved by the founder alone.", "correctionPath": "/corrections" } } ], "reviewContract": { "questions": [ { "id": "question-1", "text": "Is each canonical record correctly identified, deduplicated, classified, dated, and scoped?", "required": true }, { "id": "question-2", "text": "Does the selection note explain relevance without automatically treating the resource as claim support?", "required": true }, { "id": "question-3", "text": "Are access, source class, version, retraction, rights, and transfer limits represented accurately?", "required": true } ], "exclusions": [ "Atlas inclusion is not endorsement and does not make a source evidence for a claim.", "Metadata review does not certify the full text, methods, data, or conclusions." ], "requestedScopeCodes": [ "information-science", "systems-engineering" ], "dispositions": [ "approve", "revise", "contest", "reject", "recuse" ], "prohibitedInputs": [ "private legal names or contact details", "identity documents or raw credential files", "accessibility or medical records", "confidential conflict evidence", "classified, export-controlled, proprietary, or exploit material" ], "freshness": { "maximumDecisionAgeFromFreezeDays": 365, "eventOccurrenceRule": "Not applicable to this packet family." }, "completionRule": "Every primary record must receive the required number of valid, current-fingerprint approvals; every complementary scope group and required domain must be covered; any unresolved revise, contest, or reject disposition blocks publication.", "highConsequenceRule": "Named medical, reproductive, nuclear, radiation, cybersecurity, governance, and dual-use conclusions require two distinct qualified independent humans covering complementary domain-method and rights/public-interest scopes." }, "primaryRecords": [ { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "core-01-1", "title": "NASA Systems Engineering Handbook", "publicPath": "/atlas/core-01-1", "recordFingerprint": "8b8acf495226765ffc71f62f49cef4416fece1d6afd3308e7cb29dc0de7b137c", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "core-01-1", "title": "NASA Systems Engineering Handbook", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/nasa_systems_engineering_handbook_0.pdf", "topic": "mission-architecture", "year": null, "authors": [], "publisher": "Primary or institutional source", "resourceType": "Primary or institutional source", "access": "official link", "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "selectionNote": "Inspected as a core capability-area source. Inclusion supplies context; it is not automatically evidence for a provisional claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19880056748", "title": "Beamed energy for space craft propulsion - Conceptual status and development potential", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19880056748", "recordFingerprint": "041c79c6a09314d29eb63a78de3bf60444f0f035e0566345c420524af53ebe78", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19880056748", "title": "Beamed energy for space craft propulsion - Conceptual status and development potential", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19880056748", "topic": "propulsion", "year": 1987, "publishedAt": "1987-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Sercel, Joel C.", "Frisbee, Robert H." ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "This paper outlines the results of a brief study that sought to identify and characterize beamed energy spacecraft propulsion concepts that may have positive impact on the economics of space industrialization. It is argued that the technology of beamed energy propulsion systems may significantly improve the prospects for near-term colonization of outer space. It is tentatively concluded that, for space industrialization purposes, the most attractive near-term beamed energy propulsion systems are based on microwave technology. This conclusion is reached based on consideration of the common features that exist between beamed microwave propulsion and the Solar Power Satellite (SPS) concept. Laser power beaming also continues to be an attractive option for spacecraft propulsion due to the reduced diffraction-induced beam spread afforded by laser radiation wavelengths. The conceptual status and development potential of a variety of beamed energy propulsion concepts are presented. Several alternative space transportation system concepts based on beamed energy propulsion are described.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for a historical assessment of microwave beamed-propulsion concepts in the context of space industrialization and claimed near-term economic effects.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "beamed-energy propulsion", "evidenceBoundary": "Only NTRS metadata and an abstract are open here; technical and economic claims were not independently evaluated. It is historical concept context, not evidence for colonization or system readiness." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20040090410", "title": "Radiobiological experiments with plant seeds aboard the biosatellite Kosmos 1887", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20040090410", "recordFingerprint": "d6e29e92482c5498f910e7075973ec2216f22e6a0a6d44e463c2093a5f27dcbd", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20040090410", "title": "Radiobiological experiments with plant seeds aboard the biosatellite Kosmos 1887", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040090410", "topic": "reproduction-genetics", "year": 1990, "publishedAt": "1990-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Anikeeva, I. D.", "Vaulina, E. N.", "Kostina, L. N.", "Marenny, A. M.", "Portman, A. I.", "Rusin, S. V.", "Benton, E. V." ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Reprint (Version printed in journal)", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "The effects of spaceflight factors on the seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana and Crepis capillaris were studied provided with various protective measures: the seeds were located inside the satellite and in open space, protected with aluminium foil and also exposed without the foil cover. When the seeds were in open space without any protection, their viability was found to be suppressed; the survival rate and fertility of plants grown from these seeds were also diminished. An increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations (CA) and in the number of multiple injuries was registered in this case. Experiments with the aluminium foil shielding showed a decrease in the suppression of the seeds' viability, but mutational changes were found to be even more increased, while the survival and fertility of the plants decreased. An increase in the thickness of shielding resulted in a decrease in the effects up to the level of the control, except for the effects connected with CA and fertility of the plants. Analysis of the results shows that these impairments can be ascribed to the action of single heavy charged particles (HCP). The seeds can be thus regarded as an integral biological 'dosimeter' which allows estimation of the total effects of radiation, ecological and biological factors.", "keywords": [ "Cosmos 1887 Project", "NASA Discipline Number 00-00", "NASA Discipline Number 04-10", "unmanned", "NASA Discipline Radiation Health", "NASA Program Radiation Health", "NASA Program Flight", "Non-NASA Center", "short duration", "Flight Experiment", "Cosmic Radiation/adverse effects", "Space Flight", "Seeds/genetics/radiation effects", "Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S", "Chromosome Aberrations", "USSR", "Angiosperms/genetics/radiation effects", "Extraterrestrial Environment", "Cell Survival/radiation effects", "Arabidopsis/genetics/radiation effects", "Radiation Protection", "Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S", "Spacecraft", "Comparative Study" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated as historical evidence context for plant-seed exposure and radiobiological investigation aboard Cosmos 1887, relevant to crop germplasm resilience methods.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "seed radiobiology", "evidenceBoundary": "The old experiment record was screened through metadata and abstract; dosimetry, controls, statistics, and modern applicability were not validated. It is historical experimental context, not crop-safety claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20060021490", "title": "The Ethics of Human Spaceflight", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20060021490", "recordFingerprint": "f47032e92a62429524803c45863157a91ce45c7b185956ac84ee3df6fad9f531", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20060021490", "title": "The Ethics of Human Spaceflight", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20060021490", "topic": "governance-law", "year": 2005, "publishedAt": "2005-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Zoloth, Laurie" ], "publisher": "Headquarters", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "This chapter intends to lay out some essential ethics questions that might frame the next step of space exploration. In this, I undertake two sorts of tasks. The first is to respond to the core ethic question: Is it ethical to travel in space? The second, assuming for the moment that I can convince you that the first premise can be justified, is to comment on what ethical challenges will face us there. It is appropriate to have a philosopher comment on this at the fortieth anniversary celebration, since it was also in 1962 that the National Academy of Science first convened a panel of philosophers to comment on space travel. They asked at that time whether it was indeed a worthwhile pursuit to travel in space and what might be expected of such an effort. What is at stake in any such boundary crossing is how the changing of essential human perimeters changes our own moral status. Will such boundary crossing worsen our human condition, or will it enhance it? In this way, the geopolitical quest is then linked to the quest for ontology, Pisarro hunting for the fountain of youth, for gold, and for territory. What follows are a series of ethical claims that link the problem of discovery in the larger world and the attendant ethical dilemmas of our explorations, as well as how this exploration alters our concepts of life on Earth. In this, the role of the ethicist is to function as both a skeptic and a stranger, aware of the optimism of science and the pessimism of philosophy.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2005 conference paper from Headquarters specifically covers “The Ethics of Human Spaceflight”; its abstract describes This chapter intends to lay out some essential ethics questions that might frame the next step of space exploration. In this, I undertake two sorts of tasks. The first is… This materially informs GShips governance and law.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "governance and law", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20060024887", "title": "Artificial Gravity Research Project", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20060024887", "recordFingerprint": "2c1434de9bd3190721af82cd3396e9e420ffaa8db7c7df4576a567525cd53e6e", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20060024887", "title": "Artificial Gravity Research Project", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20060024887", "topic": "structures-shielding", "year": 2005, "publishedAt": "2005-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Kamman, Michelle R.", "Paloski, William H." ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Abstract", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "Protecting the health, safety, and performance of exploration-class mission crews against the physiological deconditioning resulting from long-term weightlessness during transit and long-term hypogravity during surface operations will require effective, multi-system countermeasures. Artificial gravity (AG), which would replace terrestrial gravity with inertial forces generated by rotating the transit vehicle or by a human centrifuge device within the transit vehicle or surface habitat, has long been considered a potential solution. However, despite its attractiveness as an efficient, multi-system countermeasure and its potential for improving the environment and simplifying operational activities (e.g., WCS, galley, etc.), much still needs to be learned regarding the human response to rotating environments before AG can be successfully implemented. This paper will describe our approach for developing and implementing a rigorous AG Research Project to address the key biomedical research questions that must be answered before developing effective AG countermeasure implementation strategies for exploration-class missions. The AG Research Project will be performed at JSC, ARC, extramural academic and government research venues, and international partner facilities maintained by DLR and IMBP. The Project includes three major ground-based human research subprojects that will lead to flight testing of intermittent short-radius AG in ISS crewmembers after 201 0, continuous long-radius AG in CEV crews transiting to and from the Moon, and intermittent short-radius AG plus exercise in lunar habitats. These human ground-based subprojects include: 1) a directed, managed international short-radius project to investigate the multi-system effectiveness of intermittent AG in human subjects deconditioned by bed rest, 2) a directed, managed long-radius project to investigate the capacity of humans to live and work for extended periods in rotating environments, and 3) a focused, investigator-initiated project to investigate system-specific adaptation to and from rotating environments. The AG Research Project also includes two major animal research subprojects: 1) a directed, managed ground-based subproject using rodents and, possibly, sub-human primates, to address mechanistic issues that cannot be studied in humans, to rapidly develop higher sample numbers than can be achieved in the human subprojects, and to establish feasible parameter operating bands to reduce the breadth of the human subprojects, and 2) a flight subproject using rodents to estimate the physiological effects of long term exposure to hypogravity and to investigate the effects of contamination by terrestrial gravity in estimating AG effectiveness. The animal flight subproject would be performed aboard ISS using the CAM module in approximately the 2008-201 1 timeframe. The paper will first present an overview of the key biomedical research questions to be answered. It will then describe the overall approaches to be utilized in developing and implementing the AG Research Project, including definition of the intended scientific research, management and development approaches, identification of roles and responsibilities, risk management, and definition of project deliverables. The primary focus of the paper will be on the first of the three ground-based human research subprojects, since it is the only one currently in development and is scheduled to start active subject investigations in April of 2005.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for an artificial-gravity research project that frames centrifuge scale, rotation rate, exposure schedules, human factors, and experimental needs.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "artificial gravity research", "evidenceBoundary": "The record offers research-planning context, but this pass did not validate physiological benefit, vestibular tolerance, engineering implementation, or long-duration outcomes. It is not artificial-gravity health claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20060032521", "title": "Using Autonomous Navigation for Interplanetary Missions: The Validation of Deep Space 1 AutoNav", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20060032521", "recordFingerprint": "6aca855e467ce47e955dda7df9e0c3a5131fedb8221a1ca4974c64858f7df107", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20060032521", "title": "Using Autonomous Navigation for Interplanetary Missions: The Validation of Deep Space 1 AutoNav", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20060032521", "topic": "communications-navigation", "year": 2000, "publishedAt": "2000-05-02T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Riedel, J.", "Bhaskaran, S.", "Desai, S.", "Han, D.", "Kennedy, B.", "McElrath, T.", "Null, G.", "Ryne, M." ], "publisher": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "The first mission of NASA's New Millenium Program, Deep Space 1, has, as one of its principal demonstration technologies, the first autonomous optical navigation system to be used in deep space.", "keywords": [ "autonomous navigation interplanetary missions Deep Space 1" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Using Autonomous Navigation for Interplanetary Missions: The Validation of Deep Space 1 AutoNav” covers autonomous navigation interplanetary missions Deep Space 1; it materially informs GShips work on autonomous deep space navigation.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "autonomous-deep-space-navigation", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. Inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20100042149", "title": "CCSDS - Advancing Spaceflight Technology for International Collaboration", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20100042149", "recordFingerprint": "518bb835a1387d310e8c36944e6b74acb39fcab8003c8374c822482d32895887", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20100042149", "title": "CCSDS - Advancing Spaceflight Technology for International Collaboration", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20100042149", "topic": "institutions-workforce", "year": 2010, "publishedAt": "2010-09-27T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Kearney, Mike", "Kiely, Aaron", "Yeh, Penshu", "Gerner, Jean-Luc", "Calzolari, Gian-Paolo", "Gifford, Kevin", "Merri, Mario", "Weiss, Howard" ], "publisher": "Marshall Space Flight Center", "resourceType": "Presentation", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) has been developing data and communications standards since 1982, with the objective of providing interoperability for enabling international collaboration for spaceflight missions. As data and communications technology has advanced, CCSDS has progressed to capitalize on existing products when available and suitable for spaceflight, and to develop innovative new approaches when available products fail. The current scope of the CCSDS architecture spans the end-to-end data architecture of a spaceflight mission, with ongoing efforts to develop and standardize cutting-edge technology. This manuscript describes the overall architecture, the position of CCSDS in the standards and international mission community, and some CCSDS processes. It then highlights in detail several of the most interesting and critical technical areas in work right now, and how they support collaborative missions. Special topics include: Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN), Asynchronous Message Service (AMS), Multispectral/Hyperspectral Data Compression (MHDC), Coding and Synchronization, Onboard Wireless, Spacecraft Monitor and Control, Navigation, Security, and Time Synchronization/Correlation. Broad international participation in development of CCSDS standards is encouraged.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2010 presentation from Marshall Space Flight Center specifically covers “CCSDS - Advancing Spaceflight Technology for International Collaboration”; its abstract describes The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) has been developing data and communications standards since 1982, with the objective of providing interoperability… This materially informs GShips institutions and workforce.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "institutions and workforce", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20140017496", "title": "Investigation of Bio-Regenerative Life Support and Trash-To-Gas Experiment on a 4 Month Mars Simulation Mission", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20140017496", "recordFingerprint": "9e452a91eb9f49da045bc9bd136c1507ca53a0e00b2bbb40a7cf61593e52a2b1", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20140017496", "title": "Investigation of Bio-Regenerative Life Support and Trash-To-Gas Experiment on a 4 Month Mars Simulation Mission", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20140017496", "topic": "life-support", "year": 2014, "publishedAt": "2014-09-29T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Caraccio, Anne", "Poulet, Lucie", "Hintze, Paul E.", "Miles, John D." ], "publisher": "Kennedy Space Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Future crewed missions to other planets or deep space locations will require regenerative Life Support Systems (LSS) as well as recycling processes for mission waste. Constant resupply of many commodity materials will not be a sustainable option for deep space missions, nor will storing trash on board a vehicle or at a lunar or Martian outpost. The habitable volume will decline as the volume of waste increases. A complete regenerative environmentally controlled life support system (ECLSS) on an extra-terrestrial outpost will likely include physico-chemical and biological technologies, such as bioreactors and greenhouse modules. Physico-chemical LSS do not enable food production and bio-regenerative LSS are not stable enough to be used alone in space. Mission waste that cannot be recycled into the bio-regenerative ECLSS can include excess food, food packaging, clothing, tape, urine and fecal waste. This waste will be sent to a system for converting the trash into the high value products. Two crew members on a 120 day Mars analog simulation, in collaboration with Kennedy Space Centers (KSC) Trash to Gas (TtG) project investigated a semi-closed loop system that treated non-edible biomass and other logistical waste for volume reduction and conversion into useful commodities. The purposes of this study are to show the how plant growth affects the amount of resources required by the habitat and how spent plant material can be recycled. Real-time data was sent to the reactor at KSC in Florida for replicating the analog mission waste for laboratory operation. This paper discusses the 120 day mission plant growth activity, logistical and plant waste management, power and water consumption effects of the plant and logistical waste, and potential energy conversion techniques using KSCs TtG reactor technology.", "keywords": [ "trash to gas", "Bio-regenerative life support", "waste management" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2014 conference paper from Kennedy Space Center specifically covers “Investigation of Bio-Regenerative Life Support and Trash-To-Gas Experiment on a 4 Month Mars Simulation Mission”; its abstract describes Future crewed missions to other planets or deep space locations will require regenerative Life Support Systems (LSS) as well as recycling processes for mission waste.… This materially informs GShips regenerative life support.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "regenerative life support", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20160006090", "title": "International Collaboration for Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20160006090", "recordFingerprint": "1c72a8f9ad51d69d193cdc04d83655295da5e85ed2661964dc612a84a44a1d1a", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20160006090", "title": "International Collaboration for Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20160006090", "topic": "institutions-workforce", "year": 2015, "publishedAt": "2015-05-25T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Norbury, John W.", "Slaba, Tony C.", "Rusek, Adam", "Durante, Marco", "Reitz, Guenther" ], "publisher": "Langley Research Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "An international collaboration on Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) simulation is being formed to make recommendations on how to best simulate the GCR spectrum at ground based accelerators. The external GCR spectrum is significantly modified when it passes through spacecraft shielding and astronauts. One approach for simulating the GCR space radiation environment at ground based accelerators would use the modified spectrum, rather than the external spectrum, in the accelerator beams impinging on biological targets. Two recent workshops have studied such GCR simulation. The first workshop was held at NASA Langley Research Center in October 2014. The second workshop was held at the NASA Space Radiation Investigators' workshop in Galveston, Texas in January 2015. The anticipated outcome of these and other studies may be a report or journal article, written by an international collaboration, making accelerator beam recommendations for GCR simulation. This poster describes the status of GCR simulation at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory and encourages others to join the collaboration.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2015 conference paper from Langley Research Center specifically covers “International Collaboration for Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory”; its abstract describes An international collaboration on Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) simulation is being formed to make recommendations on how to best simulate the GCR spectrum at ground based… This materially informs GShips institutions and workforce.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "institutions and workforce", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20170002600", "title": "Dust Storm Impacts on Human Mars Mission Equipment and Operations", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20170002600", "recordFingerprint": "6bd115f96c40fff8da1a1c33464d3e80db447e1e85ed04f6017615b794fad3ce", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20170002600", "title": "Dust Storm Impacts on Human Mars Mission Equipment and Operations", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20170002600", "topic": "analogs-verification", "year": 2017, "publishedAt": "2017-06-13T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Rucker, M. A." ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Although it is tempting to use dust impacts on Apollo lunar exploration mission equipment and operations as an analog for human Mars exploration, there are a number of important differences to consider. Apollo missions were about a week long; a human Mars mission will start at least two years before crew depart from Earth, when cargo is pre-deployed, and crewed mission duration may be over 800 days. Each Apollo mission landed at a different site; although no decisions have been made, NASA is investigating multiple human missions to a single Mars landing site, building up capability over time and lowering costs by re-using surface infrastructure. Apollo missions used two, single-use spacecraft; a human Mars mission may require as many as six craft for different phases of the mission, most of which would be re-used by subsequent crews. Apollo crews never ventured more than a few kilometers from their lander; Mars crews may take \"camping trips\" a hundred kilo-meters or more from their landing site, utilizing pressurized rovers to explore far from their base. Apollo mission designers weren't constrained by human for-ward contamination of the Moon; if we plan to search for evidence of life on Mars we'll have to be more careful. These differences all impact how we will mitigate and manage dust on our human Mars mission equipment and operations.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because it analyzes Martian dust effects on equipment and operations, relevant to particulate intrusion, maintenance, sensing, and protective design.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "particulate-and-dust-risk", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20190028812", "title": "Application of Delay Tolerant Networking on the International Space Station", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20190028812", "recordFingerprint": "1d3fc5fb388d50ecd66c94193fd4de97203732d65c0eead4773172b1c4ad8dc5", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20190028812", "title": "Application of Delay Tolerant Networking on the International Space Station", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190028812", "topic": "communications-navigation", "year": 2019, "publishedAt": "2019-07-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Basciano, Tom", "Pohlchuck, Bill", "Shamburger, Noah M." ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Presentation", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Networking between ISS payloads and the ground presents challenges given the delays in communication and frequent satellite handovers that occur in orbit. Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) provides a method to store and forward information when the link is available without intervention by the user. While DTN is helpful for the ISS in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), it will become much more important for deep space missions where round trip delays make use of most standard network protocols impossible. The lessons learned from ISS and other programs will help improve standards and ultimately support future NASA deep space missions.\n\n\n\n\n", "keywords": [ "Delay Tolerant Networking" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Application of Delay Tolerant Networking on the International Space Station” covers Delay Tolerant Networking; it materially informs GShips work on delay tolerant networking.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "delay-tolerant-networking", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this presentation was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20210017198", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Food Systems: Building the Evidence Base", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20210017198", "recordFingerprint": "a95d36604eed77336ddab4e2cff331cba470c4b8bf8dcebd23a9e0468febb247", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20210017198", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Food Systems: Building the Evidence Base", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210017198", "topic": "ecology-food", "year": 2021, "publishedAt": "2021-06-08T04:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Francesco N. Tubiello", "Cynthia Rosenzweig", "Giulia Conchedda", "Kevin Karl", "Johannes Gütschow", "Pan Xueyao", "Griffiths Obli-Laryea", "Nathan Wanner" ], "publisher": "IOP Science", "resourceType": "Reprint (Version printed in journal)", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "New estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the food system were developed at the country level, for the period 1990–2018, integrating data from crop and livestock production, on-farm energy use, land use and land use change, domestic food transport and food waste disposal. With these new country-level components in place, and by adding global and regional estimates of energy use in food supply chains, we estimate that total GHG emissions from the food system were about 16 CO2eq yr−1 in 2018, or one-third of the global anthropogenic total. Three quarters of these emissions, 13 Gt CO2eq yr−1, were generated either within the farm gate or in pre- and post-production activities, such as manufacturing, transport, processing, and waste disposal. The remainder was generated through land use change at the conversion boundaries of natural ecosystems to agricultural land. Results further indicate that pre- and post-production emissions were proportionally more important in developed than in developing countries, and that during 1990–2018, land use change emissions decreased while pre- and post-production emissions increased. We also report results on a per capita basis, showing world total food systems per capita emissions decreasing during 1990–2018 from 2.9 to 2.2 t CO2eq cap−1, with per capita emissions in developed countries about twice those in developing countries in 2018. Our findings also highlight that conventional IPCC categories, used by countries to report emissions in the National GHG inventory, systematically underestimate the contribution of the food system to total anthropogenic emissions. We provide a comparative mapping of food system categories and activities in order to better quantify food-related emissions in national reporting and identify mitigation opportunities across the entire food system.", "keywords": [ "greenhouse gas emissions", "food systems", "crop and livestock production", "on-farm energy use", "land use and land use change", "domestic food transport", "food waste disposal", "agriculture", "mitigation", "FAOSTAT" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because it develops country-level lifecycle accounting for food-system greenhouse-gas emissions, an Earthside method relevant to evaluating closed-loop food tradeoffs; it is related to, but analytically distinct from, ntrs-20220005764.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "food-system-lifecycle-accounting", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this reprint (version printed in journal) was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20230009654", "title": "The Search for Life and Habitable Worlds at NASA – Past, Present, and Future", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20230009654", "recordFingerprint": "66044d9ce11ea44d763469df0c6c09b7ee42491a97425fba7af048394b09f45c", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20230009654", "title": "The Search for Life and Habitable Worlds at NASA – Past, Present, and Future", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230009654", "topic": "destinations-astrobiology", "year": 2024, "publishedAt": "2024-12-09T05:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Becky McCauley Rench" ], "publisher": "Headquarters", "resourceType": "Presentation", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "", "keywords": [ "meterorite", "alien", "astrobiology", "habitable" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “The Search for Life and Habitable Worlds at NASA – Past, Present, and Future” covers meterorite, alien, astrobiology, habitable; it materially informs GShips work on astrobiology program overview.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "astrobiology-program-overview", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this presentation was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "reviewed-source-src-c814-nih-genomic-sharing", "title": "Genomic Data Sharing Policy Overview", "publicPath": "/atlas/reviewed-source-src-c814-nih-genomic-sharing", "recordFingerprint": "6f23a934ef36b45d30bf6b3801ac3e95df25393b9803e688945a8bdd89d194a5", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "reviewed-source-src-c814-nih-genomic-sharing", "title": "Genomic Data Sharing Policy Overview", "url": "https://grants.nih.gov/policy-and-compliance/policy-topics/sharing-policies/gds/overview", "topic": "reviewed-claim-source", "year": 2014, "authors": [ "National Institutes of Health" ], "publisher": "National Institutes of Health", "resourceType": "official-genomic-data-governance-policy", "access": "official or primary link", "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Responsible sharing of human genomic data, institutional certification, informed consent, privacy, controlled access, data-use limits, and protection of individual, family, and group interests.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "evidenceBoundary": "This stable source is used by at least one editorially assessed claim. 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