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Current studies are focused on the effects of graded hypergravitatinal field intensities on mice, rats and other small sized laboratory animals using the chronic centrifugation technique. They include studies on reproduction and prenatal and postnatel growth and development. Among the important questions addressed are: (1) what stage or stages in animal development are affected by hypergravity and what are the effects? (2) is there a minimum or critical body size for hypergravity to produce a significant effect on growth and development? (3) are there field intensity thresholds for the preceding questions? From analysis of the body masses at birth of rats conceived and allowed to undergo gestation under 2.1G and under normal gravity (1G), it was found that there was no significant difference between the two groups. Futhermore, their growth rates postnatally were the same until they reached a body mass of approximately 50 grams when the 2.1G group showed a significantly slower rate. Results from these studies support the conclusion that prenatal as well as the early postnatal stages of growth and development of the rat are refractory to hyper-G.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for hypergravity experiments as an analog method for testing gravity-dependent mammalian development and distinguishing loading effects from other spaceflight factors.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "hypergravity development analogs", "evidenceBoundary": "The historical animal study is not a direct microgravity or artificial-gravity validation; methods, welfare, and statistics were not independently audited. It is analog context, not human reproductive evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19970009766", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope - First Servicing Mission: Down to Earth Logistics - From GSFC to KSC and Back", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19970009766", "recordFingerprint": "f39148a30e294cfe61c338bfad6331c42a368a25e58aaf3c3093370897cc51ea", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19970009766", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope - First Servicing Mission: Down to Earth Logistics - From GSFC to KSC and Back", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19970009766", "topic": "mission-architecture", "year": 1995, "publishedAt": "1995-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Kubicko, Richard M.", "Herrick, Robert" ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "The Hubble Space Telescope First Servicing Mission is a major accomplishment for NASA and has drawn world-wide attention and interest. The extravehicular servicing and repair activities performed by the STS-61 crew were the most ambitious ever undertaken. Their unprecedented success in performing on-orbit repair and maintenance, particularly in correcting the aberration in the primary mirror, has enabled the HST to provide sensational images and the anticipation of exciting scientific discoveries. Although the whole world watched the televised logistics activities (on-orbit maintenance) that took place in space, few are aware of the time and effort that went into planning and executing the space logistics that takes place with our feet on the ground. This paper addresses a major part of that effort - the packaging, handling, and transportation (PH&T) activities required to ship the GSFC HST space flight hardware and ground support equipment to KSC for launch and the post launch return to GSFC. It addresses the logistics and transportation planning for the containers for the Solar Array Carrier, the Orbital Replacement Unit Carrier, and the Flight Support System and their transporters, and the over land and water portions of the shipments.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for the Earth-to-orbit logistics, ground processing, tools, spares, training, and coordination behind Hubble's first on-orbit servicing and repair mission.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "servicing and logistics", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass screened metadata and abstract rather than reconstructing mission performance. Hubble is a bounded servicing precedent, not validation of worldship maintenance." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20050185204", "title": "On Structural Design of a Mobile Lunar Habitat With Multi- Layered Environmental Shielding", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20050185204", "recordFingerprint": "6b78e4fbee6f066f6caafc00be81f8dd44efd94b49888b51ef0e1078ebec0fa4", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20050185204", "title": "On Structural Design of a Mobile Lunar Habitat With Multi- Layered Environmental Shielding", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050185204", "topic": "structures-shielding", "year": 2005, "publishedAt": "2005-04-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Pruitt, J. R.", "Rais-Rohani, M." ], "publisher": "Marshall Space Flight Center", "resourceType": "Contractor Report (CR)", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "This report presents an overview of a Mobile Lunar Habitat (MLH) structural design consisting of advanced composite materials. The habitat design is derived from the cylindrical-shaped U.S. Lab module aboard the International Space Station (ISS) and includes two lateral ports and a hatch at each end that geometrically match those of the ISS Nodes. Thus, several MLH units can be connected together to form a larger lunar outpost of various architectures. For enhanced mobility over the lunar terrain, the MLH uses six articulated insect-like robotic, retractable legs enabling the habitat to .t aboard a launch vehicle. The carbon-composite shell is sandwiched between two layers of hydrogen-rich polyethylene for enhanced radiation shielding. The pressure vessel is covered by modular double-wall panels for meteoroid impact shielding supported by externally mounted stiffeners. The habitat s structure is an assembly of multiple parts manufactured separately and bonded together. Based on the geometric complexity of a part and its material system, an appropriate fabrication process is proposed.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for multilayer shielding of a mobile lunar habitat, connecting crew mobility with micrometeoroid, thermal, radiation, structural, and packaging constraints.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "mobile habitat shielding", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS metadata and abstract summarize a design analysis; curation did not validate threat models, layer performance, integration, or testing. It is mobile-habitat context, not certified protection evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20050238987", "title": "Challenges in verification and validation of autonomous systems for space exploration", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20050238987", "recordFingerprint": "3981f78286bab2cc60f59a4de6e14a470a902b1dad9ff0f42cea7a530f042797", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20050238987", "title": "Challenges in verification and validation of autonomous systems for space exploration", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050238987", "topic": "analogs-verification", "year": 2005, "publishedAt": "2005-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Brat, Guillaume", "Jonsson, Ari" ], "publisher": "Headquarters", "resourceType": "Preprint (Draft being sent to journal)", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Space exploration applications offer a unique opportunity for the development and deployment of autonomous systems, due to limited communications, large distances, and great expense of direct operation. At the same time, the risk and cost of space missions leads to reluctance to taking on new, complex and difficult-to-understand technology. A key issue in addressing these concerns is the validation of autonomous systems. In recent years, higher-level autonomous systems have been applied in space applications. In this presentation, we will highlight those autonomous systems, and discuss issues in validating these systems. We will then look to future demands on validating autonomous systems for space, identify promising technologies and open issues.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because it identifies verification and validation challenges unique to autonomous exploration systems, including limited intervention and uncertain environments.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "verification-and-validation", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this preprint (draft being sent to journal) was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20150022911", "title": "Model-Based Systems Engineering in Concurrent Engineering Centers", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20150022911", "recordFingerprint": "abd0b55739f451cf9dbcbb914e9da8bf34ea04d02bb355e81215dc327b58f4ec", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20150022911", "title": "Model-Based Systems Engineering in Concurrent Engineering Centers", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20150022911", "topic": "institutions-workforce", "year": 2015, "publishedAt": "2015-08-31T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Iwata, Curtis", "Infeld, Samantha", "Bracken, Jennifer Medlin", "McGuire", "McQuirk, Christina", "Kisdi, Aron", "Murphy, Jonathan", "Cole, Bjorn" ], "publisher": "Glenn Research Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Concurrent Engineering Centers (CECs) are specialized facilities with a goal of generating and maturing engineering designs by enabling rapid design iterations. This is accomplished by co-locating a team of experts (either physically or virtually) in a room with a focused design goal and a limited timeline of a week or less. The systems engineer uses a model of the system to capture the relevant interfaces and manage the overall architecture. A single model that integrates other design information and modeling allows the entire team to visualize the concurrent activity and identify conflicts more efficiently, potentially resulting in a systems model that will continue to be used throughout the project lifecycle. Performing systems engineering using such a system model is the definition of model-based systems engineering (MBSE); therefore, CECs evolving their approach to incorporate advances in MBSE are more successful in reducing time and cost needed to meet study goals. This paper surveys space mission CECs that are in the middle of this evolution, and the authors share their experiences in order to promote discussion within the community.", "keywords": [ "systems engineering", "concurrent engineering", "Space missions" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2015 conference paper from Glenn Research Center specifically covers “Model-Based Systems Engineering in Concurrent Engineering Centers”; its abstract describes Concurrent Engineering Centers (CECs) are specialized facilities with a goal of generating and maturing engineering designs by enabling rapid design iterations. This is… This materially informs GShips institutions and workforce.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "institutions and workforce", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20180001854", "title": "NASA Blue Team: Determining Operational Security Posture of Critical Systems and Networks", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20180001854", "recordFingerprint": "1f919bed255049cb6581614be7a4131df4a46a0c7b28ed5c47dbbf364facd9e2", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20180001854", "title": "NASA Blue Team: Determining Operational Security Posture of Critical Systems and Networks", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20180001854", "topic": "cybersecurity", "year": 2016, "publishedAt": "2016-04-11T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Alley, Adam David" ], "publisher": "Goddard Space Flight Center", "resourceType": "Presentation", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Emergence of Cybersecurity has increased the focus on security risks to Information Technology (IT) assets going beyond traditional Information Assurance (IA) concerns: More sophisticated threats have emerged from increasing sources as advanced hacker tools and techniques have emerged and proliferated to broaden the attack surface available across globally interconnected networks.", "keywords": [ "cybersecurity" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “NASA Blue Team: Determining Operational Security Posture of Critical Systems and Networks” covers cybersecurity; it materially informs GShips work on defensive security operations.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "defensive-security-operations", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this presentation was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20210004236", "title": "Development of a Prototype Real-Time Automated Filter for Operational Deep Space Navigation", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20210004236", "recordFingerprint": "39887a1503932be137d1a4fead242db5983c8972b2088f9d7c939fd665828489", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20210004236", "title": "Development of a Prototype Real-Time Automated Filter for Operational Deep Space Navigation", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210004236", "topic": "mission-architecture", "year": 1994, "publishedAt": "1994-11-14T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Pollmeier, V.M.", "Masters, W.C." ], "publisher": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory", "resourceType": "Other", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "Operational deep space navigation has in the past, and is currently, performed using systems whose architecture was designed to accommodate tape data transfers and computing environments with a tiny fraction of the current capability. Additionally, this architecture requires constant human supervision and intervention. A prototype for a system which allows relatively automated processing of radio metric data received in near real-time from NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN) without any redesign of the existing operational flow has been developed. This system will allow for more rapid response as well as much reduced staffing to support mission navigation operations.", "keywords": [ "deep", "space", "navigation", "mission", "operations", "data", "flow", "staffing", "automated", "processing" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for a prototype that automated near-real-time DSN radiometric-data processing to reduce constant human supervision and improve operational response.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "navigation and mission operations", "evidenceBoundary": "Only NTRS metadata and an abstract are open here; implementation, test results, and present operational use were not independently checked. It is autonomy-method context, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20220014510", "title": "Event Report for The Ethical Artificial Intelligence Quantification Workshop", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20220014510", "recordFingerprint": "e67261291bc497dce9112271d044498f4064f6f0bfae4553c2c39d9fe821ea33", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20220014510", "title": "Event Report for The Ethical Artificial Intelligence Quantification Workshop", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220014510", "topic": "ai-autonomy", "year": 2022, "publishedAt": "2022-05-01T04:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Edward L McLarney", "Matthew James Bailey", "Katalin K Bartfai-Walcott", "Maria MacAndrew" ], "publisher": "Headquarters", "resourceType": "White Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a powerful emerging technology area which requires special attention to using it ethically. AI ethics is still an emerging field, and the partners for this workshop and report seek to move AI ethics discussion ahead by experimenting with ways to measure AI ethics criteria. The following document describes the outcomes and learnings from The Ethical Artificial Intelligence Quantification Workshop held at the National Institute for Aerospace (NIA), Hampton, Virginia on May 12th, 2022. The purpose of the workshop was for participants to evaluate and experiment-with the methodology and process presented by AIEthics.World in cooperation with Intel Corporation. The meeting participants learned about the Ethical AI Certification and Maturity Model™ and applied the methodology to selected notional AI systems. The workshop facilitated the evaluation of the maturity of the AI system according to ethical considerations relevant to NASA, NIA and other participants. \n\nThe workshop consisted of three main phases. The first phase focused on understanding and summarizing NASA’s ethical approaches, mission and values based on published documentation, discussions and individual insights & opinions of participants. This information was prioritized, weighted, ordered, and quantified in phase two, to formulate an alignment between human values (ethics) and their applicability to AI systems during all lifecycle phases. The first two phases were summarized as a form of ethical genealogy for artificial intelligence, specific to NASA’s ethical approaches. In the third and last phase of the workshop the participants evaluated notional examples of artificial intelligence to qualify and quantify its ability to adhere to the organizational ethics approaches, using the Ethical AI Certification and Maturity Model™. \n\nThe workshop uses the concept of genealogy, in the traditional sense: the study and traceability of lines of ancestors in the process of evolutionary development from earlier forms. However, as it is applied to an Ethical AI definition, it is providing the insights to the necessary and mandatory traceability of content, data, metrics, telemetry, elements, and structures which are used in the AI’s lifecycle to foster and measure AI ethics in all steps of its lifecycle. The Ethical Artificial Intelligence Quantification Workshop provided NASA with the opportunity to apply the Ethical AI Certification and Maturity Model™, in combination with existing and well-known decision-making and quality control methods to identify the metrics and measurements for an Ethical AI and assess its ethical condition and quality aligned with NASA ethics approaches. The result of the workshop is the capacity for NASA to apply the maturity model assessment to its AI Systems as desired and if necessary, publish the ability of these AI Systems to adhere to the organizational ethical goals. AI ethics frameworks need to be customized for each application domain, for example, individual NASA Mission Directorates. General principles that work in one area such as AI/Machine Learning-based text analysis (the ethics of information-extraction) may need to be adapted for another such as sense-and-avoid decision-making in a flight environment. \n\nThe workshop was conducted among approximately twenty NASA subject matter experts, so the elements noted above should be considered examples, not definitive NASA ethical AI principles, genealogy, etc. Generating a definitive AI ethics framework for an organization as diverse as NASA would require far more discussion, debate, review, etc. However, the workshop provided valuable insight into mechanisms and processes for quantifying AI ethical qualities.", "keywords": [ "Artificial Intelligence", "Ethics", "Responsible Artificial Intelligence", "Risk", "Software Engineering", "Bias", "Trust", "Safety" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Event Report for The Ethical Artificial Intelligence Quantification Workshop” covers Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, Responsible Artificial Intelligence, Risk; it materially informs GShips work on ai ethics and assurance.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "ai-ethics-and-assurance", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this white paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20230000438", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Enhancements to Imagery for Space Operations", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20230000438", "recordFingerprint": "b967c98f48407b623403b55078f598f3f9fa689a002f0caa4898342ec4c57611", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20230000438", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Enhancements to Imagery for Space Operations", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230000438", "topic": "ai-autonomy", "year": 2023, "publishedAt": "2023-03-06T06:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Rodney Grubbs" ], "publisher": "Marshall Space Flight Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Philosophy classes still ponder the question asked by Dr. George Berkely, an Anglican Bishop and philosopher in the 1600’s-- “If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?” With that in mind, I ask the following—If a still image or motion imagery from a space mission cannot be found during a search, does it exist? \n\nSince the beginning of spaceflight, imagery has been a key form of data collected. Whether for mere curiosity (what does Earth look like from Space?), or for operational reasons (did the solar panel deploy?), or for engineering purposes (what was that object that floated away from the spacecraft?), imagery has been included in space missions. To be useful, though, the image or motion imagery must be accessible and accessed when needed. During the analog era, that typically meant captions and numbers associated with the physical media. With “born digital” imagery, it is possible to add metadata to the image data file. This metadata might include the date and time of capture, mission, camera, exposure data, and similar data fields. Many modern cameras embed some basic metadata into the image file at the moment of capture. The reality, though, is even with today’s born-digital enhancements with embedded metadata at the time of capture, reviewing and cataloging still and motion imagery is very labor intensive. Humans review the imagery for sensitive content (privacy concerns, imagery containing proprietary data/subject matter), and to identify imagery containing crew members or imagery that should be reviewed for engineering or scientific reasons. All this review and manual data entry is very time-consuming. Many improvements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning, and processing power now make it possible to identify persons, objects, motion, color, audio with sensitive content, and other details after or while the imagery is captured.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because it examines AI enhancement of imagery for space operations, relevant to inspection and situational-awareness workflows while remaining a conference-level treatment.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "ai-imagery-and-inspection", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20230006155", "title": "Automated Fluidics Device for Extraction and Quantification of miRNA Biomarkers From Blood", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20230006155", "recordFingerprint": "7f74c9eb35eb9c394b15299407d27672e9663912c1b60725bf0eb1a88ba678c2", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20230006155", "title": "Automated Fluidics Device for Extraction and Quantification of miRNA Biomarkers From Blood", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230006155", "topic": "reproduction-genetics", "year": 2023, "publishedAt": "2023-07-01T07:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Tristen Head", "Michael Padgen", "Kira Rienecker", "Nagendra Dhanikonda", "Antonio Ricco", "Macarena Parra", "Victor Yeh", "Yasaman Shirazi-Fard" ], "publisher": "Ames Research Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "Radiation Assessment DuRing Exposure And long-Duration Spaceflight (RADREADS) demonstrates space-compatible point-of-care technology for quantitative biological monitoring of blood miRNA biomarkers in response to long-term low dose radiation exposure. This individualized monitoring approach will inform targeted treatment strategies to maximize medical resource utilization by accounting for individual susceptibility to radiation-related illnesses.\n\nAs human spaceflight progresses beyond Earth’s magnetic shielding, radiation exposure poses a significant risk to astronaut health and safety. Extended operation in this environment comes with an increased risk of radiation exposure, leading to higher risks of radiation sickness, cancer, central nervous system effects, and degenerative diseases. While conventional physical dosimetry techniques capture radiation dose, individualistic susceptibility to radiation damage is varied. Multiple characteristics, including age, body weight, sex, genetics, and immune status, have been found to influence radiosensitivity (Liu et al. 2011, and Bouffler 2016). This differential response necessitates individualized monitoring and targeted treatment strategies to maximize medical resource utilization; however, a practical diagnostic platform for quantifying long-term, low dose radiation-induced tissue damage does not currently exist. \n\nMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by mediating the degradation of messenger RNA. The levels of particular miRNAs are influenced by biological processes such as inflammation and serve as biomarkers for a variety of conditions including cancer (Singh et al. 2017). MicroRNAs are found in various bodily fluids and are amenable to collection via liquid biopsies, providing a minimally invasive and easily quantifiable readout for a variety of radiosensitive reporters. A preliminary signature of 15 spaceflight sensitive miRNA has been identified in rodent and human studies, including miR-21-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-92a-3p, miR-17-5p, miR-16a-3p, miR-34a-3p, and miR-223-3p. These targets generally increased expression with radiation dose and linear energy transfer, though variation between individuals is not yet described. \n\nCurrent gaps in the field include a lack of understanding of longitudinal biological responses to long-term, low dose radiation exposure and the absence of space-compatible point-of-care technology for quantitative biological monitoring. In this body of work, we aim to develop an automated bleed-to-read system to process whole blood for the detection of miRNA biomarkers in order to monitor individualistic responses to radiation exposure. This will be achieved via separating serum (or plasma) from whole blood, followed by extraction, amplification, and quantification of the miRNA using a RT-qPCR reaction. Previously, the WetLab-2 hardware enabled execution of a RT-qPCR reaction aboard ISS; however, it is a manual system that requires crew manipulation and bulky components (Parra et al. 2017). To address these issues, automated fluid handling hardware was developed for each stage of sample preparation. Extraction of total RNA is achieved by sequentially pumping reagents through an off-the-shelf nucleic acid binding column (miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Advanced Kit, Qiagen). This approach eliminates several manual pipetting and centrifuging steps and limits the use of toxic chemicals commonly found in other sample processing techniques. The resulting elution will then be automatically dispensed for RT-qPCR analysis using a compact rotary qPCR (Mic qPCR Cycler, Bio Molecular Systems) that will improve spaceflight compatibility by removing bubbles from the detection region, another challenge highlighted by WetLab-2 (Parra et al. 2017). Efforts are also being made to simplify the RT-qPCR reaction to a 1-step air-dryable mix to improve long-term reagent stability at room temperature and reduce system complexity. \n\nBy automating the RT-qPCR processes via microfluidic manipulation, RADREADS will reduce crewmember hands-on time and enable the personalized detection of radiation-induced tissue damage during long duration missions. Minimally invasive, longitudinal monitoring of individual’s response to radiation exposure will inform how the physiological system responds to long-term low dose space radiation and enables development of targeted countermeasures by the medical team. Ultimately, this portable technology will require minimal technical expertise and can also be used to monitor miRNA biomarkers associated with other diseases.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for a microfluidic approach to measuring microRNA radiation-response biomarkers, relevant to compact autonomous health-monitoring and bioscience payloads.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "microfluidic biomarkers", "evidenceBoundary": "Selection relies on NTRS metadata and summary; assay sensitivity, specificity, robustness, and clinical interpretation were not independently validated. 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ODIN aims to create a self-sufficient system which can perform imaging target acquisition, star field based attitude estimation, and position estimation using horizon-based OPNAV of known celestial bodies. 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Over the past 25 years, the ISS has become a premier orbiting laboratory, enabling over 4,000 groundbreaking experiments from over 100 different nations. Research in the space environment and advanced technologies has produced a massive amount of data, resulting in more than 4,400 publications since the beginning of the station. These results are being delivered to humanity in the form of numerous breakthroughs, scientific publications and Earth applications, as described in the document “Benefits for Humanity”. Over the years, ISS partners have strived to store and share this invaluable knowledge to maximize the scientific output of this remarkable international laboratory. Many data repositories were created to provide access to the information generated through ISS investigations, which are listed in this article. This paper will provide an overview of the Open Data Portals already available, as well as their purpose and instructions for access, to improve the visibility of these data repositories and inform the research community regarding the availability of this unique data. Challenges related to data sharing and its dissemination will be addressed and new initiatives to maximize the results of ISS research will be discussed. The purpose is to fully analyze this unique information, create collaboration opportunities, even between seemingly unrelated fields of research, and increase the visibility and access to this invaluable knowledge that will support human exploration of the solar system.", "keywords": [ "international collaboration", "microgravity research", " International Space Station (ISS)", "Benefits", "Humanity", "Human spaceflight" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2025 conference paper from International Astronautical Federation (IAF) specifically covers “International Space Station Research: Hidden Treasures in Open Data Portals”; its abstract describes From fundamental scientific knowledge to medical treatments to pushing the frontiers of scientific knowledge, research on the International Space Station (ISS) is improving… This materially informs GShips institutions and workforce.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "institutions and workforce", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. 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