{ "schemaVersion": "gships-review-packet-1", "packetId": "resources:bucket-19", "stableId": "bucket-19", "family": "resources", "slug": "bucket-19", "title": "Atlas stable hash bucket 19", "status": "prepared-human-review-not-started", "release": { "releaseId": "public-alpha-2026-07-26-research-visuals-r14", "sourceCommit": "3eb036fce3d711336c8c605625895e8a2e799ab0", "corpusGeneratedAt": "2026-07-25", "frozenAt": "2026-07-26T22:50:50.000Z", "canonicalOrigin": "https://gships.dammonburden.com" }, "paths": { "human": "/review/resources/bucket-19", "family": "/review/resources", "packet": "/review-packets/resources/bucket-19.03e1f01b5b02ea2b.json", "decisionTemplate": "/review-packets/resources/bucket-19.03e1f01b5b02ea2b.decision-template.json", "worksheet": "/review-packets/resources/bucket-19.03e1f01b5b02ea2b.worksheet.md", "byFingerprint": "/review-packets/by-fingerprint/03e1f01b5b02ea2bc899661f6698426bd22ad4c01fb2ddc653e0beeddd0a6571.json" }, "boundary": "Prepared review packet; human review has not started. This packet is not a completed review, endorsement, reviewer appointment, partnership, or authorization to act.", "governingPolicies": [ { "id": "policy-editorial-governance-001", "version": "0.1.0", "path": "/editorial-policy", "recordType": "governing-policy", "fingerprint": "1f6a1f823e8bfe891b6a707c5dce2ee2337c0bb7d915b48d6060ca82b8da1b47", "snapshot": { "id": "policy-editorial-governance-001", "version": "0.1.0", "status": "foundation-policy-controls-not-yet-staffed", "adoptedForFoundation": "2026-07-25", "title": "Editorial governance and independent review", "publisher": "GShips Project", "maintainer": "Dammon Burden", "publisherInterest": "The maintainer intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work. No entity, outside funding, customer, sponsor, or indexed-organization relationship currently exists.", "currentBoundary": "No independent domain reviewer or review council is currently appointed. Foundation records and outlines may not be represented as independently reviewed.", "reviewerSelection": [ "Publish the reviewer’s name, relevant credentials or lived expertise, review scope, compensation status, and declared conflicts with consent.", "Select for the actual claim domain rather than general prestige; include affected-community and disability-led expertise where rights or access are involved.", "Do not treat an employee, investor, customer, sponsor, source author, or directly supervised collaborator as independent for the affected claim." ], "reviewProcess": [ "Provide the exact claim, sources, locators, assumptions, counterevidence, transfer limits, and proposed evidence dimensions.", "Record approve, revise, contest, or reject at claim level; silence and event attendance never count as review.", "Publish material minority findings and the editor’s reasoned response.", "High-consequence medical, reproductive, nuclear, radiation, cybersecurity, governance, and dual-use claims require two qualified independent reviewers with complementary scopes.", "A reviewer may recuse at any time; unresolved conflicts or missing expertise block the reviewed label." ], "appealAndCorrection": [ "A correction receives a reference identifier and triage record; safety-critical allegations receive priority.", "A material editorial decision may be appealed to a reviewer not involved in the original decision once such a panel exists.", "Substantive reversals, unresolved disputes, and removed conclusions receive a dated public record that protects reporter privacy.", "No sponsor, customer, founder, or reviewer may purchase, suppress, or unilaterally assign an evidence grade." ], "publicationGate": "Public 1.0 requires named review coverage across every Academy track, documented high-consequence two-person review, a material-corrections log, reviewer conflict records, and an operating appeal path.", "correctionPath": "/corrections" } }, { "id": "policy-dual-use-001", "version": "0.1.0", "path": "/dual-use", "recordType": "governing-policy", "fingerprint": "81637e2849f9c0866d23f7174eb9a2ce522b86313167ebf5022fca122d6e506c", "snapshot": { "id": "policy-dual-use-001", "version": "0.1.0", "status": "planned-controls-not-yet-operational", "adoptedForFoundation": "2026-07-25", "title": "Civil, defensive, and rights-preserving use boundary", "summary": "GShips may research safety, resilience, logistics, communications, recovery, and cyber defense only within explicit end-use, rights, and independent-review controls. Calling an activity defensive is never sufficient by itself.", "scopeTrigger": "Apply dual-use review before accepting or materially advancing customer, funder, collaborator, operational, procurement, or publication-sensitive work whose capability, data, end use, or transfer could reasonably enable a prohibited use. Public non-actionable education still follows prohibited-content and sensitive-publication controls.", "allowedInPrinciple": [ "Safety engineering and independently assessed protection", "Resilience, graceful degradation, recovery, and disaster response", "Civil logistics, maintenance, communications, and knowledge continuity", "Cyber defense, secure software, incident response, and recovery", "Rights-preserving health, accessibility, ecology, education, and governance research" ], "prohibited": [ "Identification, tracking, prioritization, or engagement of people or assets for force, weapons, repression, or offensive operations; safety navigation, astronomy, collision avoidance, search and rescue, and independently governed planetary defense are not prohibited by this clause", "Weapons command-and-control or targeting support", "Offensive access, persistence, exploitation, or destructive cyber payloads", "Mass surveillance, biometric repression, or political-control systems", "Autonomous force application", "Coercive reproductive, medical, genetic, disability, or civic control", "Nonconsensual experimentation or treating residents as research instruments" ], "reviewRequiredBeforeAnyRelevantWork": [ "Customer, funder, collaborator, jurisdiction, beneficial-owner, and end-use screening", "Export-control and sanctions review by qualified counsel when applicable", "Written scope, allowed-use, prohibited-use, audit, termination, and incident clauses", "Independent stop-work authority with a named alternate and founder recusal", "Sensitive-publication and information-hazard review", "Whistleblowing, escalation, incident response, appeal, and anti-retaliation paths", "Aggregate transparency reporting that protects legitimate privacy and security" ], "currentBoundary": "No screening body, independent stop-work authority, contractual controls, or appeal body currently exists. Therefore no relevant customer, defense, dual-use, or operational engagement is authorized by this policy.", "changeControl": "Material changes require a dated public rationale, independent review, and may not be approved by the founder alone.", "correctionPath": "/corrections" } } ], "reviewContract": { "questions": [ { "id": "question-1", "text": "Is each canonical record correctly identified, deduplicated, classified, dated, and scoped?", "required": true }, { "id": "question-2", "text": "Does the selection note explain relevance without automatically treating the resource as claim support?", "required": true }, { "id": "question-3", "text": "Are access, source class, version, retraction, rights, and transfer limits represented accurately?", "required": true } ], "exclusions": [ "Atlas inclusion is not endorsement and does not make a source evidence for a claim.", "Metadata review does not certify the full text, methods, data, or conclusions." ], "requestedScopeCodes": [ "information-science", "systems-engineering" ], "dispositions": [ "approve", "revise", "contest", "reject", "recuse" ], "prohibitedInputs": [ "private legal names or contact details", "identity documents or raw credential files", "accessibility or medical records", "confidential conflict evidence", "classified, export-controlled, proprietary, or exploit material" ], "freshness": { "maximumDecisionAgeFromFreezeDays": 365, "eventOccurrenceRule": "Not applicable to this packet family." }, "completionRule": "Every primary record must receive the required number of valid, current-fingerprint approvals; every complementary scope group and required domain must be covered; any unresolved revise, contest, or reject disposition blocks publication.", "highConsequenceRule": "Named medical, reproductive, nuclear, radiation, cybersecurity, governance, and dual-use conclusions require two distinct qualified independent humans covering complementary domain-method and rights/public-interest scopes." }, "primaryRecords": [ { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "core-08-3", "title": "Worldship population genetics estimate", "publicPath": "/atlas/core-08-3", "recordFingerprint": "c5986877c5eaebbf1c2a41b7312bc8ab63554f9055dc1405466b7d8bbbc4b0ca", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "core-08-3", "title": "Worldship population genetics estimate", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0094576513004669", "topic": "reproduction-genetics", "year": null, "authors": [], "publisher": "Primary or institutional source", "resourceType": "Primary or institutional source", "access": "official link", "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "selectionNote": "Inspected as a core capability-area source. Inclusion supplies context; it is not automatically evidence for a provisional claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "core-15-1", "title": "NASA Space Radiation Element", "publicPath": "/atlas/core-15-1", "recordFingerprint": "8251839ea0ac4d5e86de3e5a673d1a210481347878d797953e8674dea24c8a70", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "core-15-1", "title": "NASA Space Radiation Element", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/reference/about-the-space-radiation-element/", "topic": "radiation-environment", "year": null, "authors": [], "publisher": "Primary or institutional source", "resourceType": "Primary or institutional source", "access": "official link", "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "selectionNote": "Inspected as a core capability-area source. Inclusion supplies context; it is not automatically evidence for a provisional claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19650020207", "title": "Review of galactic and solar cosmic rays", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19650020207", "recordFingerprint": "41626b6d0e1e48ce394e5cdd06b1cff26d6f08ecda295caa51d38029653e0c99", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19650020207", "title": "Review of galactic and solar cosmic rays", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650020207", "topic": "radiation-environment", "year": 1965, "publishedAt": "1965-03-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Mc Donald, F. B." ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Technical Memorandum (TM)", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Galactic and solar cosmic radiation - charge and energy distributions, propagation, and spectrum", "keywords": [ "CHARGE DISTRIBUTION", "COSMIC RADIATION", "GALACTIC RADIATION", "SOLAR COSMIC RAY", "ENERGY DISTRIBUTION" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated as a historical review of galactic and solar cosmic-ray observations and early environment models used in the formative period of crewed-space radiation work.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "cosmic ray environment history", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this curation did not validate measurements and the review is scientifically dated. It is historical context, not current environment or health-risk claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20000021228", "title": "Interstellar Propulsion Concepts Assessment", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20000021228", "recordFingerprint": "89fc2d036277c922e46bcc02670402dc1aad55b424e25a4c46cc52b8eb1ac34c", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20000021228", "title": "Interstellar Propulsion Concepts Assessment", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20000021228", "topic": "propulsion", "year": 2000, "publishedAt": "2000-02-17T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Forward, Robert L." ], "publisher": "Marshall Space Flight Center", "resourceType": "Contractor or Grantee Report", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "NASA is investigating the feasibility of conducting extra-solar and interstellar missions over the next 10 to 50 years. An assessment of technologies supporting these near and far term objectives is required. To help meet these objectives the Principal Investigator assessed the feasibility of candidate propulsion systems for the proposed 'Interstellar Probe', a mission to send a spacecraft to the Heliopause at 250 AU and beyond.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for a contractor assessment of candidate propulsion systems for an Interstellar Probe mission to the heliopause and beyond, including near- and far-term technology framing.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "interstellar propulsion assessment", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass did not reproduce the assessment or update its assumptions. It is historical trade-space context, not automatic evidence of propulsion readiness." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20010057259", "title": "Radiation Transmission Properties of In-Situ Materials", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20010057259", "recordFingerprint": "5d546bf81dda239ec981c2b31b508e687dcb716d094716c3c6db61b32b697443", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20010057259", "title": "Radiation Transmission Properties of In-Situ Materials", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20010057259", "topic": "governance-law", "year": 2001, "publishedAt": "2001-03-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Heilbronn, L.", "Townsend, L. W.", "Cucinotta, F.", "Kim, M. Y.", "Miller, J.", "Singleterry, R.", "Thibeault, S.", "Wilson, J." ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "The development of a permanent human presence in space is a key element of NASA's strategic plan for the Human Exploration and Development of Space (HEDS). The habitation of the International Space Station (ISS) is one near-term HEDS objective; the exploration and settlement of the moon and Mars are long-term goals of that plan. Achieving these goals requires maintaining the health and safety of personnel involved in such space operations at a high level, while at the same time reducing the cost of those operations to a reasonable level. Among the limiting factors to prolonged human space operations are the health risks from exposure to the space ionizing radiation environment. In order to keep the risk of radiation induced cancer at acceptable levels, it is necessary to provide adequate shielding from the ionizing radiation environment. The research presented here is theoretical and ground-based experimental study of the neutron production from interactions of GCR-like particles in various shielding components. An emphasis is placed here on research that will aid in the development of in-situ resource utilization. The primary goal of the program is to develop an accurate neutron-production model that is relevant to the NASA HEDS program of designing technologies that will be used in the development of effective shielding countermeasures. A secondary goal of the program is the development of an experimental data base of neutron production cross sections and thick-target yields which will aid model development.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2001 conference paper from Johnson Space Center specifically covers “Radiation Transmission Properties of In-Situ Materials”; its abstract describes The development of a permanent human presence in space is a key element of NASA's strategic plan for the Human Exploration and Development of Space (HEDS). The habitation… This materially informs GShips governance and law.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "governance and law", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20040087539", "title": "Fundamental space radiobiology", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20040087539", "recordFingerprint": "961251115105cc74e8b37cae2c8d6f056367d29821e9d93d65a5710eecc335f3", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20040087539", "title": "Fundamental space radiobiology", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040087539", "topic": "reproduction-genetics", "year": 2003, "publishedAt": "2003-06-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Nelson, Gregory A." ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Reprint (Version printed in journal)", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "The unique feature of the space radiation environment is the dominance of high-energy charged particles (HZE or high LET radiation) emitted by the Sun and galactic sources, or trapped in the Van Allen radiation belts. These charged particles present a significant hazard to space flight crews, and accelerator-based experiments are underway to quantify the health risks due to unavoidable radiation exposure. There are three principal properties of charged particles that distinguish them from conventional radiation, i.e. gamma rays and x-rays. First, they have a defined range in matter rather than an exponential absorption profile. Second, they undergo nuclear reactions to produce secondary particles. Third, and most important, they deposit their energy along well-defined linear paths or tracks rather than diffuse fields. The structured energy deposition pattern interacts on multiple scales with the biological structures of DNA, cells and tissues to produce correlated patterns of damage that evade repair systems. Traditional concepts of dose and its associated normalization parameter, RBE (relative biological effectiveness), break down under experimental scrutiny, and probabilistic models of risk based on the number of particle traversals per cell may be more appropriate. Unique patterns of DNA damage, gene expression, mobilization of repair proteins, activation of cytokines and remodeling of cellular microenvironment are observed following exposure to high LET radiation. At low levels of exposure the communication of bioactive substances from irradiated to unirradiated \"bystander\" cells can amplify the damage and cause a significant deviation from linearity in dose vs. response relations. Under some circumstances, there is even a multigenerational delay in the expression of radiation-induced genetic damage (genomic instability) which is not strictly dose dependent. These issues and the experimental evidence derived from ground based experiments at particle accelerators are presented along with speculation about how modified inertial conditions might perturb homeostatic responses to radiation to further complicate risk assessment for space flight.", "keywords": [ "NASA Discipline Radiation Health", "Non-NASA Center", "Review, Tutorial", "Review", "Protons", "Radiobiology", "Cosmic Radiation", "Bystander Effect/physiology", "Solar Activity", "Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S", "Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation", "Radiation Dosage", "DNA Damage", "Chromatin/radiation effects", "Human", "Extraterrestrial Environment", "Linear Energy Transfer", "Animals" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for a foundational overview of space-radiobiology questions, experimental models, and mechanisms connecting radiation exposure to biological response.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "space radiobiology", "evidenceBoundary": "The source is an older overview and this pass did not validate its claims against current research or review the full text line by line. It is historical research context, not current medical evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20110023125", "title": "Extravehicular Activity Systems Education and Public Outreach in Support of NASA's STEM Initiatives in Fiscal Year 2011", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20110023125", "recordFingerprint": "36050752d258169cd2ff1b977365f56a6dc45eba2e6a00a8a539b0dd04cb5f31", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20110023125", "title": "Extravehicular Activity Systems Education and Public Outreach in Support of NASA's STEM Initiatives in Fiscal Year 2011", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110023125", "topic": "institutions-workforce", "year": 2011, "publishedAt": "2011-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Paul, Heather L.", "Jennings, Mallory A.", "Lamberth, Erika Guillory" ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Abstract", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "NASA's goals to send humans beyond low Earth orbit will involve the need for a strong engineering workforce. Research indicates that student interest in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) areas is on the decline. According to the Department of Education, the United States President has mandated that 100,000 educators be trained in STEM over the next decade to reduce this trend. NASA has aligned its Education and Public Outreach (EPO) initiatives to include emphasis in promoting STEM. The Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Systems Project Office at the NASA Johnson Space Center actively supports this NASA initiative by providing subject matter experts and hands-on, interactive presentations to educate students, educators, and the general public about the design challenges encountered as NASA develops EVA hardware for exploration missions. This paper summarizes the EVA Systems EPO efforts and metrics from fiscal year 2011.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2011 abstract from Johnson Space Center specifically covers “Extravehicular Activity Systems Education and Public Outreach in Support of NASA's STEM Initiatives in Fiscal Year 2011”; its abstract describes NASA's goals to send humans beyond low Earth orbit will involve the need for a strong engineering workforce. Research indicates that student interest in science,… This materially informs GShips institutions and workforce.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "institutions and workforce", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20180005512", "title": "Artificial Intelligence - The Future of Space Communications", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20180005512", "recordFingerprint": "f465edfdaff4a096577be0fc05c506cd24e8f0d1f0e93e4013e3dac6702725ce", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20180005512", "title": "Artificial Intelligence - The Future of Space Communications", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20180005512", "topic": "ai-autonomy", "year": 2018, "publishedAt": "2018-05-08T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Briones, Janette C." ], "publisher": "Glenn Research Center", "resourceType": "Presentation", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Presentation focus on the Cognitive Communications Project Overview. The project aims to develop cognitive communications technologies to increase mission science return and improve resource efficiencies. Another key aspect of the project is understanding the fundamental aspects of cognitive technology and developing artificial intelligence to advance the future of space communications. This involves the use of machine learning algorithms in the next generation architecture for space communications in the effort to increase efficiency, autonomy and increased performance of the space communication and navigations next generation architecture.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because it describes NASA cognitive-communications work applying AI to link management and spectrum/resource efficiency under space-network constraints.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "cognitive-communications", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this presentation was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20190002151", "title": "Effects of Altered Gravity on the Central Nervous System of Drosophila melanogaster", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20190002151", "recordFingerprint": "2dc46546c7bb1ddbaaf97217af67fd39e2ef2fd617e6c99227303974132f9af7", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20190002151", "title": "Effects of Altered Gravity on the Central Nervous System of Drosophila melanogaster", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190002151", "topic": "reproduction-genetics", "year": 2019, "publishedAt": "2019-03-27T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Mhatre, Siddhita D.", "Iyer, Janani S.", "Paul, Amber M.", "Zavaleta, Jhony A.", "Hosamani, Ravikumar" ], "publisher": "Ames Research Center", "resourceType": "Presentation", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "A comprehensive understanding of the effects of spaceflight and altered gravity on human physiology is necessary for continued human space exploration and long-term space habitation. Spaceflight includes multiple factors such as microgravity, hypergravity, ionizing radiation, physiological stress, and disrupted circadian rhythms and these have been shown to contribute to pathophysiological responses that target immunity, bone and muscle integrity, cardiovascular and nervous systems. In terrestrial conditions, some of these factors can lead to cancer and neuroimmunological disorders. In this study, we used a well-established spaceflight model organism, Drosophila melanogaster, to assess spaceflight-associated changes in the nervous system. We hypothesize that exposure to altered gravity triggers the oxidative stress response, leading to impairments in the nervous system. To test this hypothesis, we used two experimental paradigms: 1) hypergravity, using the ground-based chronic acceleration model, and 2) spaceflight conditions, which includes exposure to microgravity and in-flight space 1g controls. In our ground studies, acute hypergravity resulted in an induction of oxidative stress-related genes with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fly brains. Additionally, we observed a depressed locomotor phenotype in these flies (p<0.05). These flies also show a decreased dopaminergic neuron counts in the fly brain upon exposure to acute hypergravity (p<0.05). Thus, the data suggest that altered gravity has a profound effect on the fly nervous system. Similarly, we observe behavioral impairments (p<0.001) and synaptic deficits, including decreased synaptic connections (p<0.05), in 3rd instar larvae which were developed in space. Furthermore, space-grown adults show a decrease in neuronal (p<0.05) and dendritic field (p<0.01) in adult brains coupled with an increased number of apoptotic cells (p<0.001), suggesting increased neuronal loss under spaceflight conditions. In summary, we observe that altered gravity leads to gross neurological deficits. To better understand the long-term effects of spaceflight on the nervous system, longitudinal and multigenerational changes were also identified. This study will help elucidate the different approaches to prevent nervous system dysfunction in astronauts during spaceflight, while also contributing to a better understanding of the pathways that are related to some CNS disorders on Earth.", "keywords": [ "nervous system", "Drosophila", "Spaceflight" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for a Drosophila study of central-nervous-system responses to altered gravity, relevant to model-organism methods and gravity-dependent biology.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "altered-gravity neurobiology", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS metadata and abstract describe an animal-model experiment; this pass did not validate statistics, mechanisms, or relevance to human multigenerational health. It is analog biology context, not clinical evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20210002545", "title": "Optical communications for deep space missions", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20210002545", "recordFingerprint": "2689b5a5fdfd2de556830657bb01d2af01c0c6ba92a5511cf79f09b1d75c843e", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20210002545", "title": "Optical communications for deep space missions", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210002545", "topic": "communications-navigation", "year": 2000, "publishedAt": "2000-08-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Enoch, M.", "Wilson, K." ], "publisher": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory", "resourceType": "Other", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "This paper describes the activities at JPL to evaluate optical communication systems for use on deep space exploration spacecraft.", "keywords": [ "optical", "communications", "deep", "space", "missions" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Optical communications for deep space missions” covers optical, communications, deep, space; it materially informs GShips work on deep space communications.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "deep-space-communications", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. Inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20210019023", "title": "Design of Space Systems to Enable In-space Assembly and Servicing", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20210019023", "recordFingerprint": "54ff4becc997ce5ffd49e5ad31d801daac1e612246daa1c8ce06f62a2bcd490d", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20210019023", "title": "Design of Space Systems to Enable In-space Assembly and Servicing", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210019023", "topic": "assembly-logistics", "year": 2021, "publishedAt": "2021-07-30T04:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Bo Naasz" ], "publisher": "Goddard Space Flight Center", "resourceType": "Presentation", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "For several decades, NASA has employed in-space systems to enhance the performance and extend the useful life of operational orbital assets. In at least one case, an operational mission was not only enhanced, but enabled – the International Space Station was made possible by crewed and robotic in-space assembly, and continues to support installation and operation of new science and technology payloads. In several cases (Hubble Space Telescope, Intelsat 401, Westar and Palapa), major operational assets were rescued or repaired soon after launch when otherwise mission-ending anomalies occurred or were detected. In addition to the original rescue, Hubble was upgraded four times, enabling high-demand, world class science over four decades. More recently, two Northrop Grumman Mission Extension Vehicles have captured two Intelsat spacecraft near the end of their life and fuel capacity, to take over maneuvering duties. In spite of these recent operational achievements, and with the exception of large human exploration vehicles and large space telescopes, space architects rarely consider in-orbit servicing and assembly capabilities in their future planning. Technologies such as multi-launch mission architectures (and rendezvous and proximity operations systems), docking systems, external robotics, advanced tools, modular systems and structures, and fluid transfer systems are available today to support these missions. In-space manufacturing will soon be operational to enable resilient missions that recover from on-orbit failures, and expand the utilization of space. We envision a future that includes these capabilities, and discuss the cultural, engineering, and technological challenges to achieving this vision. We discuss the vision, the proverbial chicken and the egg (which came first, the serviceable spacecraft or the servicer?), the cost, risk, and perceptions thereof of in-space operations, a “spectrum” of cooperative servicing design considerations, and the current status of the space industry’s slow but steady march to widespread operational use of on-orbit servicing, assembly, and manufacturing.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Design of Space Systems to Enable In-space Assembly and Servicing” covers For several decades, NASA has employed in-space systems to enhance the performance and extend the useful life of; it materially informs GShips work on on orbit assembly.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "on-orbit-assembly", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. Inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20210022833", "title": "Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20210022833", "recordFingerprint": "c6cfe7cd88cf6089e0b515f5ea4d4d2fb460453bfe800047bc48e67a5c55b081", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20210022833", "title": "Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210022833", "topic": "communications-navigation", "year": 2021, "publishedAt": "2021-10-31T04:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Brenda E Lyons" ], "publisher": "Headquarters", "resourceType": "Other - TechPort", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Communicating from Earth to any spacecraft is a complex challenge, largely due to the extreme distances involved. When data are transmitted and received across thousands and even millions of miles, the delay and potential for disruption or data loss is significant. Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) is NASA’s solution to reliable internet working for space missions.", "keywords": [ "delay tolerant networking" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking” covers delay tolerant networking; it materially informs GShips work on delay tolerant networking.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "delay-tolerant-networking", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this other - techport was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20220005764", "title": "Pre- and Post-Production Processes Increasingly Dominate Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Agri-Food Systems", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20220005764", "recordFingerprint": "36ef193748906eb9242cd9d851811e38050a2016a4b7b85e1371085e13173ca2", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20220005764", "title": "Pre- and Post-Production Processes Increasingly Dominate Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Agri-Food Systems", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220005764", "topic": "ecology-food", "year": 2022, "publishedAt": "2022-04-14T04:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Francesco N Tubiello", "Kevin Karl", "Alessandro Flammini", "Johannes Gütschow", "Griffiths Obli-Laryea", "Giulia Conchedda", "Xueyao Pan", "Sally Yue Qi" ], "publisher": "Copernicus Publications", "resourceType": "Reprint (Version printed in journal)", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "We present results from the FAOSTAT emissions shares database, covering emissions from agri-food systems and their shares to total anthropogenic emissions for 196 countries and 40 territories for the period 1990–2019. We find that in 2019, global agri-food system emissions were 16.5 (95 %; CI range: 11–22) billion metric tonnes (GtCO2 eq. yr(exp -1)), corresponding to 31%(range: 19 %–43 %) of total anthropogenic emissions. Of the agri-food system total, global emissions within the farm gate – from crop and livestock production processes including on-farm energy use – were 7.2 GtCO2 eq. yr(exp -1); emissions from land use change, due to deforestation and peatland degradation, were 3.5 GtCO2 eq. yr(exp -1); and emissions from pre- and post-production processes – manufacturing of fertilizers, food processing, packaging, transport, retail, household consumption and food waste disposal – were 5.8 GtCO2 eq. yr(exp -1). Over the study period 1990–2019, agri-food system emissions increased in total by 17 %, largely driven by a doubling of emissions from pre- and post-production processes. Conversely, the FAOSTAT data show that since 1990 land use emissions decreased by 25 %, while emissions within the farm gate increased 9 %. In 2019, in terms of individual greenhouse gases (GHGs), pre- and postproduction processes emitted the most CO2 (3.9 GtCO2 yr(exp -1)), preceding land use change (3.3 GtCO2 yr(exp -1)) and farm gate (1.2 GtCO2 yr(exp -1)) emissions. Conversely, farm gate activities were by far the major emitter of methane (140 MtCH4 yr(exp -1)) and of nitrous oxide (7.8 MtN2Oyr(exp -1)). Pre- and post-production processes were also significant emitters of methane (49 MtCH4 yr(exp -1)), mostly generated from the decay of solid food waste in landfills and open dumps. One key trend over the 30-year period since 1990 highlighted by our analysis is the increasingly important role of food-related emissions generated outside of agricultural land, in pre- and post-production processes along the agri-food system, at global, regional and national scales. In fact, our data show that by 2019, pre- and post-production processes had overtaken farm gate processes to become the largest GHG component of agri-food system emissions in Annex I parties (2.2 GtCO2 eq. yr(exp -1)). They also more than doubled in non-Annex I parties (to 3.5 GtCO2 eq. yr(exp -1)), becoming larger than emissions from land use change. By 2019 food supply chains had become the largest agri-food system component in China (1100 MtCO2 eq. yr(exp -1)), the USA (700 MtCO2 eq. yr(exp -1)) and the EU-27 (600 MtCO2 eq. yr(exp -1)). This has important repercussions for food-relevant national mitigation strategies, considering that until recently these have focused mainly on reductions of non-CO2 gases within the farm gate and on CO2 mitigation from land use change. The information used in this work is available as open data with DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5615082 (Tubiello et al., 2021d). It is also available to users via the FAOSTAT database (https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/EM; FAO, 2021a), with annual updates.", "keywords": [ "FAOSTAT agri-food systems emissions database", "Agri-food systems", "Land use change", "Deforestation", "Peatland degradation", "Pre- and post-production processes", "Manufacturing of fertilizers", "Food processing", "Packaging", "Transport", "Retail", "Household consumption", "Food waste disposal" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Pre- and Post-Production Processes Increasingly Dominate Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Agri-Food Systems” covers FAOSTAT agri-food systems emissions database, Agri-food systems, Land use change, Deforestation; it materially informs GShips work on food system lifecycle accounting.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "food-system-lifecycle-accounting", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this reprint (version printed in journal) was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20220012880", "title": "The Space Superhighway: Space Infrastructure for the 21st Century", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20220012880", "recordFingerprint": "67ac97fddb95e563df913ff7f7605954c9620b486f217d0b1486862e8b269d4a", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20220012880", "title": "The Space Superhighway: Space Infrastructure for the 21st Century", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220012880", "topic": "assembly-logistics", "year": 2022, "publishedAt": "2022-09-29T04:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Deborah Tomek", "Dale Arney", "John Mulvaney", "Christina Williams", "Jill McGuire", "Brian Roberts", "Jeramie Broadway", "Karl Stolleis " ], "publisher": "Langley Research Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "This paper introduces a concept for space infrastructure developed with input from multiple U.S. government agencies called the Space Superhighway, which could support civil, commercial, and national security space activities. The Space Superhighway is a commercial-first space infrastructure that contains three primary components: regional hubs, a sustainable transportation network, and Earth-to-orbit logistics. Civil, commercial, and national security space sectors could use this common infrastructure to support missions such as satellite servicing, Earth science, and space domain awareness, among others. It utilizes a commercial-first, “infrastructure-as-a-service” approach which contains industry-owned and operated assets with government anchor tenants for commercial services, enabling extended mission lifetime, on-orbit repair, maneuver without regret, and debris mitigation and removal. The Space Superhighway is the space infrastructure needed for the 21st century. ", "keywords": [ "space superhighway", "space infrastructure", "satellite servicing" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “The Space Superhighway: Space Infrastructure for the 21st Century” covers space superhighway, space infrastructure, satellite servicing; it materially informs GShips work on in space logistics.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "in-space-logistics", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20250000411", "title": "Behavioral Health Benefits of the ISS Pick-and-Eat Crop Growth System", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20250000411", "recordFingerprint": "2ae9196291a5f4952b03f30fcad0070e6724d4ac447c49db902ee0fa7151b410", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20250000411", "title": "Behavioral Health Benefits of the ISS Pick-and-Eat Crop Growth System", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20250000411", "topic": "human-factors", "year": 2025, "publishedAt": "2025-01-28T06:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Lauren Landon", "Sydney Begerowski", "Sara Whiting", "Cara Spencer", "Suzanne Bell", "Pete Roma", "Gioia Massa" ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Poster", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Summary: We summarize findings related to assessing the pick-and-eat salad-crop productivity and acceptability of the ISS food system as a countermeasure to maintain behavioral health in long-duration spaceflight.\n\nBACKGROUND \nPlants are a potential countermeasure for the stresses of living in space. Caring for plants and eating fresh food have been shown to serve as a psychological benefit for previous astronauts and for others in analogous environments such as Antarctica [1,2]. Gardening can be therapeutic in terrestrial settings [3]. These effects may carry over or be more pronounced in austere environments such as spaceflight. It can reduce stress and increase sensory stimulation and enjoyment [2]. Growing crops may offer astronauts meaningful and engaging work as they care for living things in an austere environment away from Earth’s nature and as they provide sustenance for their crew. We examined the extent to which interacting with plants (e.g., tending to, consuming) was related to behavioral health outcomes in long-duration space missions.\n\nMETHOD \nParticipants were 27 astronauts that interacted with the plant system VEG-04, VEG-05, and HRF-VEG (VEG-03 I-L, PH-04). In total, there were 106 in-flight observations. Participants completed monthly measures of mood and well-being, enjoyment and time spent performing specific crop growth and consuming the plants, meaningfulness, performance, connections with others and the Earth, desire to work with and eat plants, and experiences with struggling or dying plants. Higher ends of the 7-point Likert scale indicated more positive outcomes, lower ends of the scale were anchored with more negative outcomes, and the scale midpoints indicated neutral positions. Participants selected a specific survey version based on whether they interacted with the plant system(s) or not, and we included only the scores from the crewmembers that participated in any given activity.\n\nRESULTS & DISCUSSION\nResults indicated that participants generally rated tasks related to the plants and crop growth as enjoyable. Consuming the harvested plants and voluntary viewing were the most enjoyable activities. Tending to the plants was reported as moderately enjoyable, indicating BHP benefits from this work task. The BHP impacts of whether the task was engaging, meaningful, supported well-being, or was demanding for a crewmember were generally positive and increased over time. As shown in the Figure, working with plants was reported as more engaging, meaningful, and beneficial to well-being over time, while the demand from the task was moderate to low and consistent over time. Engaging, meaningful, and supporting well-being were strongly, positively correlated with each other, which is consistent with research that suggests engaging and meaningful work can support well-being. Plant activities such as voluntary viewing, watering, harvesting, and consuming, were positively related to task engagement and meaning, and enjoyment and well-being. Findings suggest that working with plants and consuming them can be a behavioral health countermeasure for long-duration spaceflight. \n\nREFERENCES\n[1] Schlacht I, et al. (2020) Impact of plants in isolation: The EDEN-ISS…in Antarctica. In Advances in Human Factors of Transportation, Washington DC. [2] Vessel E, Russo S (2015) Effects of reduced sensory stimulation and…countermeasures…. NASA/TM-2015-218576. [3] Odeh R, Guy C (2017) Gardening for therapeutic people-plant interactions during LDSM. Open Agriculture, 2(1), 1-13. \n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\nThis research was supported by the Human Health and Performance Contract NNJ15HK11B, and NASA grant MTL #1075 (PI G.D. Massa). ", "keywords": [ "countermeasure", "spaceflight", "crop growth", "behavioral health" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2025 poster from Johnson Space Center specifically covers “Behavioral Health Benefits of the ISS Pick-and-Eat Crop Growth System”; its abstract describes Summary: We summarize findings related to assessing the pick-and-eat salad-crop productivity and acceptability of the ISS food system as a countermeasure to maintain… This materially informs GShips human factors and habitability.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "human factors and habitability", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20260005626", "title": "Astrobiology in the Time of Artificial Intelligence", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20260005626", "recordFingerprint": "80daa810ab2ebd010ea85198ad3251f027e2096de3e19855551d966395f6cde6", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20260005626", "title": "Astrobiology in the Time of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20260005626", "topic": "ai-autonomy", "year": 2026, "publishedAt": "2026-06-20T04:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Caleb Scharf" ], "publisher": "SAGE Publishing (United States)", "resourceType": "Accepted Manuscript (Version with final changes)", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "The Viking missions showcased multiple spaceflight technologies representing state-of-the-art capabilities: from digital line-scan imaging to the operation of complex onboard laboratories and software-controlled process autonomy. Since Viking, there have been extraordinary, and still accelerating, advancements in computing technology impacting science, society, and exploration. These developments have occurred in both hardware and software, resulting in increasingly capable devices, advanced programming tools, and algorithmic innovations. The subset of artificial intelligence known as machine learning has emerged as one of the most transformative of these developments, with major implications for space exploration and for improvements to the search for evidence of life beyond the Earth. Those improvements include the integration of data across different scales and increased sensitivity to complex features in data, as well as the generation of adaptive strategies for sampling environments. In this paper, the present and future nature of space exploration and astrobiological research is examined through the contextual lens of Viking, and through the history and possible future of artificial intelligence.", "keywords": [ "Viking", "AI", "machine learning", "astrobiology", "life detection", "artificial intelligence", "viking mission" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Astrobiology in the Time of Artificial Intelligence” covers Viking, AI, machine learning, astrobiology; it materially informs GShips work on ai and astrobiology.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "ai-and-astrobiology", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this accepted manuscript (version with final changes) was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "reviewed-source-src-hp-nasa-habitability-functions", "title": "Habitability Functions — Volume 2", "publicPath": "/atlas/reviewed-source-src-hp-nasa-habitability-functions", "recordFingerprint": "9b7cf1bcb0f0b2cb0f6657b88928448aca229752b1a9c7dcbfc9bb654d9a15b1", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "reviewed-source-src-hp-nasa-habitability-functions", "title": "Habitability Functions — Volume 2", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/reference/7-0-habit-ability-functions-vol-2/", "topic": "reviewed-claim-source", "year": 2026, "authors": [ "National Aeronautics and Space Administration" ], "publisher": "NASA", "resourceType": "official-human-systems-guidance", "access": "official or primary link", "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Current crew habitability functions for sleep, hygiene, food, exercise, recreation, behavioral health, privacy, housekeeping, and waste management.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "evidenceBoundary": "This stable source is used by at least one editorially assessed claim. Its claim-specific relation and locator—not Atlas inclusion—define the evidence use; independent domain review remains pending." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "reviewed-source-src-hp-nasa-sarj-2011", "title": "International Space Station Solar Alpha Rotary Joint Anomaly Investigation", "publicPath": "/atlas/reviewed-source-src-hp-nasa-sarj-2011", "recordFingerprint": "348f50349c4067d7b9e6d50a670b6c2d531543ea869e14acf00240ad355e82cd", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "reviewed-source-src-hp-nasa-sarj-2011", "title": "International Space Station Solar Alpha Rotary Joint Anomaly Investigation", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110015384", "topic": "reviewed-claim-source", "year": 2011, "authors": [ "NASA Engineering and Safety Center" ], "publisher": "NASA Technical Reports Server", "resourceType": "government-anomaly-investigation", "access": "official or primary link", "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Operational history, bearing and race damage, design, lubrication, manufacturing, diagnosis, forensic analysis, and on-orbit recovery for a large unpressurized spacecraft rotary mechanism. 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