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Inclusion supplies context; it is not automatically evidence for a provisional claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-19840009784", "title": "Inorganic analysis in a controlled ecological life support system", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-19840009784", "recordFingerprint": "1b477dbd2def02c4e35ba6a17b9096603200bb61b30b1b14c9c209dc32c170fd", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-19840009784", "title": "Inorganic analysis in a controlled ecological life support system", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840009784", "topic": "ecology-food", "year": 1983, "publishedAt": "1983-06-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Carden, J. L.", "Browner, R. F." ], "publisher": "Legacy CDMS", "resourceType": "Contractor Report (CR)", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Techniques useful for the elemental analysis of samples of types which might require analysis within a controlled ecological life support system are investigated.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 1983 contractor report (cr) from Legacy CDMS specifically covers “Inorganic analysis in a controlled ecological life support system”; its abstract describes Techniques useful for the elemental analysis of samples of types which might require analysis within a controlled ecological life support system are investigated. This materially informs GShips closed ecology and food.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "closed ecology and food", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. 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At NASA's Ames Research Center, this endeavor encompasses the use of space to understand life's origin, evolution, and destiny in the universe. Life's origin refers to understanding the origin of life in the context of the origin and diversity of planetary systems. Life's evolution refers to understanding how living systems have adapted to Earth's changing environment, to the all-pervasive force of gravity, and how they may adapt to environments beyond Earth. Life's destiny refers to making long-term human presence in space a reality, and laying the foundation for understanding and managing changes in Earth's environment. The first Astrobiology Workshop brought together a diverse group of researchers to discuss the following general questions: Where and how are other habitable worlds formed? How does life originate? How have the Earth and its biosphere influenced each other over time? Can terrestrial life be sustained beyond our planet? How can we expand the human presence to Mars? The objectives of the Workshop included: discussing the scope of astrobiology, strengthening existing efforts for the study of life in the universe, identifying new cross-disciplinary programs with the greatest potential for scientific return, and suggesting steps needed to bring this program to reality. Ames has been assigned the lead role for astrobiology by NASA in recognition of its strong history of leadership in multidisciplinary research in the space, Earth, and life sciences and its pioneering work in studies of the living universe. This initial science workshop was established to lay the foundation for what is to become a national effort in astrobiology, with anticipated participation by the university community, other NASA centers, and other agencies. This workshop (the first meeting of its kind ever held) involved life, Earth, and space scientists in a truly interdisciplinary sharing of ideas related to life in the universe, and by all accounts was a resounding success.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Astrobiology Workshop: Leadership in Astrobiology” covers Astrobiology is defined in the 1996 NASA Strategic Plan as 'The study of the living universe.' At NASA's; it materially informs GShips work on astrobiology research coordination.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "astrobiology-research-coordination", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this conference proceedings was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20000005106", "title": "Single Step to Orbit; a First Step in a Cooperative Space Exploration Initiative", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20000005106", "recordFingerprint": "9c89c3bc01a3c04a035de7dece77ae1da7d1bb074fc1e887ff668af0bb423338", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20000005106", "title": "Single Step to Orbit; a First Step in a Cooperative Space Exploration Initiative", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20000005106", "topic": "governance-law", "year": 1999, "publishedAt": "1999-08-19T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Lusignan, Bruce", "Sivalingam, Shivan" ], "publisher": "Ames Research Center", "resourceType": "Other - Collected Works", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "At the end of the Cold War, disarmament planners included a recommendation to ease reduction of the U.S. and Russian aerospace industries by creating cooperative scientific pursuits. The idea was not new, having earlier been suggested by Eisenhower and Khrushchev to reduce the pressure of the \"Military Industrial Complex\" by undertaking joint space exploration. The Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) proposed at the end of the Cold War by President Bush and Premier Gorbachev was another attempt to ease the disarmament process by giving the bloated war industries something better to do. The engineering talent and the space rockets could be used for peaceful pursuits, notably for going back to the Moon and then on to Mars with human exploration and settlement. At the beginning of this process in 1992 staff of the Stanford Center for International Cooperation in Space attended the International Space University in Canada, met with Russian participants and invited a Russian team to work with us on a joint Stanford-Russian Mars Exploration Study. A CIA student and Airforce and Navy students just happened to join the Stanford course the next year and all students were aware that the leader of the four Russian engineers was well versed in Russian security. But, as long as they did their homework, they were welcome to participate with other students in defining the Mars mission and the three engineers they sent were excellent. At the end of this study we were invited to give a briefing to Dr. Edward Teller at Stanford's Hoover Institution of War and Peace. We were also encouraged to hold a press conference on Capitol Hill to introduce the study to the world. At a pre-conference briefing at the Space Council, we were asked to please remind the press that President Bush had asked for a cooperative exploration proposal not a U.S. alone initiative. The Stanford-Russian study used Russia's Energia launchers, priced at $300 Million each. The mission totaled out to $71.5 Billion, to send a six-person crew to establish a Mars base and return. It was an on going international venture with plans for new crews, base expansion, and extended exploration at every two year opportunity. The $71.5 Billion international approach contrasted with NASA's own 90-day U.S. - alone study that proposed a package topping $500 Billion by some admissions. NASA's approach was also challenged by an internal D.O.E. proposal at much lower cost, described to the Mars Society last year by Lowell Wood and, of course, by Bob Zubrin's \"Mars Direct\" proposal.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 1999 other - collected works from Ames Research Center specifically covers “Single Step to Orbit; a First Step in a Cooperative Space Exploration Initiative”; its abstract describes At the end of the Cold War, disarmament planners included a recommendation to ease reduction of the U.S. and Russian aerospace industries by creating cooperative scientific… This materially informs GShips governance and law.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "governance and law", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20090000975", "title": "NASA Johnson Space Center's Energy and Sustainability Efforts", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20090000975", "recordFingerprint": "05bd56ce7f5c8ce113e73097aa3a46176b5c0085dc1dfc93e5124c66c3ddb83c", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20090000975", "title": "NASA Johnson Space Center's Energy and Sustainability Efforts", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090000975", "topic": "ethics-alternatives", "year": 2008, "publishedAt": "2008-09-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Ewert, Michael K." ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Other - Other", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "This viewgraph presentation reviews the efforts that NASA is making to assure a sustainable environment and energy savings at the Johnson Space Center. Sustainability is defined as development that meets the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The new technologies that are required for sustainable closed loop life support for space exploration have uses on the ground to reduce energy, greenhouse gas emissions, and water use. Some of these uses are reviewed.", "keywords": [], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2008 other - other from Johnson Space Center specifically covers “NASA Johnson Space Center's Energy and Sustainability Efforts”; its abstract describes This viewgraph presentation reviews the efforts that NASA is making to assure a sustainable environment and energy savings at the Johnson Space Center. Sustainability is… This materially informs GShips ethics and alternatives.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "ethics and alternatives", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20100009702", "title": "Space Computing Systems Validation Challenges", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20100009702", "recordFingerprint": "b214a820235b40712c67a72aaadde9934d80313ea72e185ef819810f3f0c23bc", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20100009702", "title": "Space Computing Systems Validation Challenges", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20100009702", "topic": "analogs-verification", "year": 2008, "publishedAt": "2008-01-11T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Some, Raphael R.", "Feather, Martin", "Nikora, Al" ], "publisher": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "To examine the challenges of spaceborne computing systems and the past, present and future approaches to verification and validation in hardware and software systems.", "keywords": [ "Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS)", "spaceborne computer systems" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because it identifies validation challenges for spaceborne computing, directly relevant to long-lived safety-critical hardware and software assurance.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "verification-and-validation", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. Inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20170001298", "title": "Beaconless Pointing for Deep-Space Optical Communication", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20170001298", "recordFingerprint": "6400347e00babecb8cba6e9ad4823b169a342adda0da65ac2b9c40bb9e418df9", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20170001298", "title": "Beaconless Pointing for Deep-Space Optical Communication", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20170001298", "topic": "communications-navigation", "year": 2016, "publishedAt": "2016-10-18T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Swank, Aaron J.", "Aretskin-Hariton, Eliot", "Le, Dzu K.", "Sands, Obed S.", "Wroblewski, Adam" ], "publisher": "Glenn Research Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Free space optical communication is of interest to NASA as a complement to existing radio frequency communication methods. The potential for an increase in science data return capability over current radio-frequency communications is the primary objective. Deep space optical communication requires laser beam pointing accuracy on the order of a few microradians. The laser beam pointing approach discussed here operates without the aid of a terrestrial uplink beacon. Precision pointing is obtained from an on-board star tracker in combination with inertial rate sensors and an outgoing beam reference vector. The beaconless optical pointing system presented in this work is the current approach for the Integrated Radio and Optical Communication (iROC) project.", "keywords": [ "free-space optical communication", "deep-space" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Beaconless Pointing for Deep-Space Optical Communication” covers free-space optical communication, deep-space; it materially informs GShips work on deep space communications.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "deep-space-communications", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20170009462", "title": "Enabling Future Science and Human Exploration with NASA's Next Generation near Earth and Deep Space Communications and Navigation Architecture", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20170009462", "recordFingerprint": "85b28fac8fa9d93ce8abcbf0b7fad9bbafd3bfdab5efeee3a36a619e946e5b20", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20170009462", "title": "Enabling Future Science and Human Exploration with NASA's Next Generation near Earth and Deep Space Communications and Navigation Architecture", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20170009462", "topic": "mission-architecture", "year": 2017, "publishedAt": "2017-09-25T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Reinhart, Richard C.", "Schier, James S.", "Israel, David J.", "Tai, Wallace ", "Liebrecht, Philip E.", "Townes, Stephen A." ], "publisher": "Glenn Research Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is studying alternatives for the United States space communications architecture through the 2040 timeframe. This architecture provides communication and navigation services to both human exploration and science missions throughout the solar system. Several of NASA's key space assets are approaching their end of design life and major systems are in need of replacement. The changes envisioned in the relay satellite architecture and capabilities around both Earth and Mars are significant undertakings and occur only once or twice each generation, and therefore is referred to as NASA's next generation space communications architecture. NASA's next generation architecture will benefit from technology and services developed over recent years. These innovations will provide missions with new operations concepts, increased performance, and new business and operating models. Advancements in optical communications will enable high-speed data channels and the use of new and more complex science instruments. Modern multiple beam/multiple access technologies such as those employed on commercial high throughput satellites will enable enhanced capabilities for on-demand service, and with new protocols will help provide Internet-like connectivity for cooperative spacecraft to improve data return and coordinate joint mission objectives. On-board processing with autonomous and cognitive networking will play larger roles to help manage system complexity. Spacecraft and ground systems will coordinate among themselves to establish communications, negotiate link connectivity, and learn to share spectrum to optimize resource allocation. Spacecraft will autonomously navigate, plan trajectories, and handle off-nominal events. NASA intends to leverage the ever-expanding capabilities of the satellite communications industry and foster its continued growth. NASA's technology development will complement and extend commercial capabilities to meet unique space environment requirements and to provide capabilities that are beyond the commercial marketplace. The progress of the communications industry, including the emerging global space internet segment and its planned constellations of 100's of satellites offer additional opportunities for new capability and mission concepts. The opportunities and challenges of a future space architecture require an optimal solution encompassing a global perspective. The concepts and technologies intentionally define an architecture that applies not only to NASA, but to other U.S. government agencies, international space and government agencies, and domestic and international industries to advance the openness, interoperability, and affordability of space communications. Cooperation among the worlds space agencies, their capabilities, standards, operations, and interoperability are key to advancing humankind's understand of the universe and extending human presence into the solar system.", "keywords": [ "Communications", "architecture", " relay satellite", " deep space", "space archtiecture" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for the conference paper's analysis of NASA's prospective 2040 near-Earth and deep-space relay architecture, aging assets, service demand, and architecture-transition drivers.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "communications and navigation", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass reviewed metadata and abstract rather than validating forecasts, costs, or the current architecture. It is planning context, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20180003400", "title": "Exoplanet Biosignatures: A Review of Remotely Detectable Signs of Life", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20180003400", "recordFingerprint": "facb59c0921ce1cdce4422cc37f3e9101672fd1b2baadaaf46dd251c8011afd8", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20180003400", "title": "Exoplanet Biosignatures: A Review of Remotely Detectable Signs of Life", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20180003400", "topic": "destinations-astrobiology", "year": 2018, "publishedAt": "2018-05-04T00:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Schwieterman, Edward W.", "Kiang, Nancy Y.", "Parenteau, Mary N.", "Harman, Chester E.", "Dassarma, Shiladitya", "Fisher, Theresa M.", "Arney, Giada N.", "Hartnett, Hilairy E." ], "publisher": "Mary Ann Liebert", "resourceType": "Reprint (Version printed in journal)", "access": "open metadata", "abstract": "In the coming years and decades, advanced space- and ground-based observatories will allow an unprecedented opportunity to probe the atmospheres and surfaces of potentially habitable exoplanets for signatures of life. Life on Earth, through its gaseous products and reflectance and scattering properties, has left its fingerprint on the spectrum of our planet. Aided by the universality of the laws of physics and chemistry, we turn to Earth's biosphere, both in the present and through geologic time, for analog signatures that will aid in the search for life elsewhere. Considering the insights gained from modern and ancient Earth, and the broader array of hypothetical exoplanet possibilities, we have compiled a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of potential exoplanet biosignatures, including gaseous, surface, and temporal biosignatures. We additionally survey biogenic spectral features that are well known in the specialist literature but have not yet been robustly vetted in the context of exoplanet biosignatures. We briefly review advances in assessing biosignature plausibility, including novel methods for determining chemical disequilibrium from remotely obtainable data and assessment tools for determining the minimum biomass required to maintain short-lived biogenic gases as atmospheric signatures. We focus particularly on advances made since the seminal review by Des Marais et al. The purpose of this work is not to propose new biosignature strategies, a goal left to companion articles in this series, but to review the current literature, draw meaningful connections between seemingly disparate areas, and clear the way for a path forward.", "keywords": [ "biosignatures", "habitability markers", "planetary surfaces", "exoplanets" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Exoplanet Biosignatures: A Review of Remotely Detectable Signs of Life” covers biosignatures, habitability markers, planetary surfaces, exoplanets; it materially informs GShips work on biosignatures and target characterization.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "biosignatures-and-target-characterization", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides metadata and an abstract, not reviewed full text; methods, results, and current applicability remain unverified. Inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20205009706", "title": "On-orbit Servicing, Assembly and Manufacturing (OSAM) Near-Term in-Space Developmental Test Persistent Platform: ESPA-Star Based Implementation\n", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20205009706", "recordFingerprint": "8337520449edc584d7e34c2b2d94fa5d05e19522e9debca1bfe1d149953c8529", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20205009706", "title": "On-orbit Servicing, Assembly and Manufacturing (OSAM) Near-Term in-Space Developmental Test Persistent Platform: ESPA-Star Based Implementation\n", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20205009706", "topic": "assembly-logistics", "year": 2020, "publishedAt": "2020-11-16T05:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Bill Doggett", "John T Dorsey" ], "publisher": "Langley Research Center", "resourceType": "Presentation", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Roundtable Session on In-Space Developmental Test: Springboard for Rapid Development. Presentation is a brief description of the On-orbit Servicing Assembly & Manufacturing (OSAM) national initiative & using standard EELV Secondary Payload Adapters (ESPAs) as the core building block to construct an ESPA-Star based implementation for an iSDT persistent platform in space.", "keywords": [ "Persistent Platform", "Orbital Testbed", "Orbital Servicing", "Assembly and Manufacturing", "Automated/Robotic Assembly" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “On-orbit Servicing, Assembly and Manufacturing (OSAM) Near-Term in-Space Developmental Test Persistent Platform: ESPA-Star Based Implementation” covers Persistent Platform, Orbital Testbed, Orbital Servicing, Assembly and Manufacturing; it materially informs GShips work on isam testbeds.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "isam-testbeds", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this presentation was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20220013722", "title": "Isolation Standard Measures: A Set of Validated and Feasible Measurements Ensuring Comparability Across Isolation and Confinement Studies", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20220013722", "recordFingerprint": "0170ba59af4ba64caf64b1e36d965bff9ee36e6f893167d6ed865eba6044a118", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20220013722", "title": "Isolation Standard Measures: A Set of Validated and Feasible Measurements Ensuring Comparability Across Isolation and Confinement Studies", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220013722", "topic": "human-factors", "year": 2022, "publishedAt": "2022-09-30T05:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Angelique Van Ombergen", "Didier Chaput", "Elena Fomina", "Valérie Gil", "Michaela Girgenrath", "Natalie Hirsch", "Natsuhiko Inoue", "Perry Johnson-Green" ], "publisher": "Johnson Space Center", "resourceType": "Conference Paper", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "Isolation and confinement studies have been essential to the preparation of crewed long-duration space missions, acting as analogues that facilitate the study of psychological and physiological responses to isolation and confinement. They also serve as opportunities for the development, testing, and validation of countermeasures and coping methods to handle the challenges that arise in such scenarios. Due to the small sample sizes in combination with high inter-individual variability, single isolation campaigns are not always sufficient for obtaining statistically significant scientific findings. To address this issue and improve comparability between different studies, the need for standardized measures to be collected in all future isolation and confinement studies was identified. Additionally, these measures should also be shown to be generally valid, reliable, feasible and acceptable in analogue and spaceflight environments. Standard measures in isolation and confinement studies allow for more direct comparisons of results and synthesis of data across isolation and confinement studies as well as provide an important step toward standard measures in spaceflight. An international expert group with representatives from different space agencies worldwide was brought together to define a core set of standard measures for isolation and confinement studies. This paper provides an overview of the expert group’s recommendations for international standard measures for future isolation and confinement studies, along with subsequent updates coordinated by the International Countermeasures Working Group (ICMWG), which was established as a sub-Working Group under the International Space Life Sciences Working Group (ISLSWG). Additional experts were consulted by the ICMWG partner agencies as required. \n\nThe collection of the described set of isolation standard measures will provide data on the following parameters: sleep, mood, psychological state, psychophysiology, cognitive performance, stress and the immune system, general health and well-being, team measures, nutritional measures, and environmental conditions. For each measure, recommendations were made about duration and frequency of administration, along with specific implementation recommendations in relation to the duration of the isolation study. The set of isolation standard measures will be reassessed every two years at a minimum to ensure they are up to date and reflect the current state-of-the-art. ", "keywords": [ "Isolation", "Confinement", "Standard Measures", "Spaceflight", "Space Analog" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because this 2022 conference paper from Johnson Space Center specifically covers “Isolation Standard Measures: A Set of Validated and Feasible Measurements Ensuring Comparability Across Isolation and Confinement Studies”; its abstract describes Isolation and confinement studies have been essential to the preparation of crewed long-duration space missions, acting as analogues that facilitate the study of… This materially informs GShips human factors and habitability.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "human factors and habitability", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20230010855", "title": "Beyond BioSentinel: Iterative Development of Automated Microfluidics", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20230010855", "recordFingerprint": "43363dd3ed35bd05496d04789c1d178808e11ef4660fa42ef80574e9ca6178aa", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20230010855", "title": "Beyond BioSentinel: Iterative Development of Automated Microfluidics", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230010855", "topic": "reproduction-genetics", "year": 2023, "publishedAt": "2023-08-08T07:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Mike Padgen" ], "publisher": "Ames Research Center", "resourceType": "Presentation", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "NASA Ames has flown a series of Bio-CubeSats that performed biology experiments supported by automated fluidic systems. Since Genesat-1 in 2006, these payloads have increased in complexity and functionality, building upon previous successes, and applying lessons learned. BioSentinel was the most recent of this series, launched into heliocentric orbit onboard Artemis-1 in 2022. This presentation will discuss how the fluidic technology developed for these Bio-CubeSat missions, including the multi-layer polycarbonate manifolds at the heart of the BioSentinel BioSensor, have spurred the development of several additional projects. Most directly is the modified BioSensor that will be a part of LEIA, which will perform its Lunar biology experiment onboard a Commercial Lunar Payload Services lander. Several search-for-life manifolds have been designed to prepare samples from icy moons for downstream analyses. Two early career Polaris projects are developing fluidics to perform genetic sequencing on samples from multigenerational cell culture and to extract and quantify target miRNAs to support astronaut radiation health assessment. Improving the readiness of these systems has been accelerated by adopting the established flight heritage and microgravity-compatibility of the Bio-CubeSat fluidic hardware and designs, while focusing development efforts on the integration of novel functionalities and components. ", "keywords": [ "microfluidics", "Bio-CubeSats", "life detection", "space biology", "BioSentinel", "LEIA" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated for BioSentinel's automated microfluidic cultivation and measurement of yeast beyond low Earth orbit, a precursor for unattended biological monitoring.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "autonomous space biology", "evidenceBoundary": "The NTRS record summarizes the payload, but this pass did not audit instrument reliability, data reduction, or biological results. It is autonomous-lab context, not direct radiation-health evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "ntrs-20240001820", "title": "Concept, Design, & Implementation of a Remote Vehicle Operations Center for Autonomous Missions", "publicPath": "/atlas/ntrs-20240001820", "recordFingerprint": "e7402ce5abdf24a1933c9c2abd19823701b76b237a0144fa226218cca0985330", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "ntrs-20240001820", "title": "Concept, Design, & Implementation of a Remote Vehicle Operations Center for Autonomous Missions", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240001820", "topic": "ai-autonomy", "year": 2024, "publishedAt": "2024-11-01T04:00:00.0000000+00:00", "authors": [ "Bill K Buck" ], "publisher": "Langley Research Center", "resourceType": "Technical Publication (TP)", "access": "open full text", "abstract": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is supporting research to develop a prototype remote vehicle operations center at Langley Research Center to explore current and future advanced air mobility operations using small unmanned aerial systems vehicles as surrogates for future, larger-scale passenger carrying vehicles. The prototype facility known as the Remote Operations for Autonomous Missions (ROAM) Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Operations Center is being used to explore different roles and responsibilities of remote operators managing multiple autonomous vehicles, with the goal of exploring human-autonomy teaming concepts that enable m:N operations (i.e., m operators managing N vehicles). ROAM has developed into a world-class research, development, and technology (RD&T) environment that can support both the collection of human factors data and the command and control of remote vehicles in beyond visual line of sight conditions. ROAM provides a key capability to enable full end-to-end hardware- and human-in-the-loop simulation testing, connecting with simulated small-UAS and creating a seamless Live-Virtual-Constructive (LVC) environment. This report describes the development of the ROAM UAS Operations Center from concept through design, culminating in the current implementation at NASA’s Langley Research Center.", "keywords": [ "CERTAIN", "Flight Test Operations", "Simulation", "Ground Control Station Operator", "Remote Operator", "Autonomous Vehicles", "Remote Operations", "Human-Autonomy Teaming", "Human Factors", "User-Centered Design", "Role-Based Ontology", "Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (UAS)", "Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)", "ROAM UAS Operations Center" ], "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "Curated because “Concept, Design, & Implementation of a Remote Vehicle Operations Center for Autonomous Missions” covers CERTAIN, Flight Test Operations, Simulation, Ground Control Station Operator; it materially informs GShips work on remote operations.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "curationTopic": "remote-operations", "evidenceBoundary": "NTRS provides open full text, but this technical publication (tp) was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence." } }, { "recordType": "atlas-resource", "recordId": "reviewed-source-src-ca-nasa-aircraft-thermal", "title": "Thermal Management for Aircraft Propulsion Systems", "publicPath": "/atlas/reviewed-source-src-ca-nasa-aircraft-thermal", "recordFingerprint": "4a7106ae774dc93cc17f60faad26588d6694458fc9b53be4e2d0d26304c62350", "reviewRequirements": { "minimumIndependentApprovals": 1, "highConsequenceDomains": [], "requiredDomainCodes": [], "requiredComplementaryScopeGroups": [ { "id": "bounded-competence", "scopeClass": "bounded-competence", "oneOf": [ "information-science" ] } ], "unresolvedNegativeFindingBlocksPublication": true }, "referenceIds": [], "snapshot": { "id": "reviewed-source-src-ca-nasa-aircraft-thermal", "title": "Thermal Management for Aircraft Propulsion Systems", "url": "https://technology.nasa.gov/patent/LEW-TOPS-110", "topic": "reviewed-claim-source", "year": 2026, "authors": [ "National Aeronautics and Space Administration" ], "publisher": "NASA Technology Transfer Program", "resourceType": "government-technology-transfer-record", "access": "official or primary link", "sourceClass": "editor-selected-context", "selectionNote": "NASA Glenn technology record for a proposed lightweight thermoacoustic aircraft-propulsion thermal-management system; a transfer opportunity, not evidence of fleet-scale adoption.", "verifiedAt": "2026-07-25", "evidenceBoundary": "This stable source is used by at least one editorially assessed claim. 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