Selection note: Curated because this 2003 reprint (version printed in journal) from Legacy CDMS specifically covers “Group dynamics and catecholamines during long-duration confinement in an isolated environment”; its abstract describes INTRODUCTION: The objectives of this study were to investigate possible relationships between catecholamine excretion and long-duration confinement in an isolated… This materially informs GShips human factors and habitability.

Evidence boundary: Only NTRS metadata and abstract are open here; full-text methods and results were unavailable for this pass. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.

Stable record
ntrs-20040087778
Topic
human-factors
Type
Reprint (Version printed in journal)
Publisher
Legacy CDMS
Authors
Kraft, Norbert O.; Lyons, Terence J.; Binder, Heidi
Year
2003
Editorial state
metadata curated editorial draft
Reviewer
GShips Project editorial synthesis
Official link checked
2026-07-25

Source-supplied abstract

INTRODUCTION: The objectives of this study were to investigate possible relationships between catecholamine excretion and long-duration confinement in an isolated environment. METHODS: Stays of long duration were made by Group I (n = 4, all Russian, weeks 1-34), Group II (n = 4, mixed nationality, weeks 3-18), and Group III (n = 4, mixed nationality, weeks 22-38); other groups joined the residents for 1-wk intervals at weeks #13, #19, and #33. Data were collected from Groups I and III. RESULTS: In both Group I and Group III, the daily epinephrine excretion was significantly elevated during and after confinement compared with the pre-isolation baseline (p < 0.05), but remained mostly within normal limits during the experiment. During isolation, epinephrine excretion was significantly higher, compared with other weeks in isolation, during weeks #19 and #27 for Group I, and during week #30 for Group III. In both Group I and Group II, norepinephrine excretion increased significantly during and after isolation (p < 0.05) and was above the normal range. The daily norepinephrine excretion was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in Group I during weeks #12, #13, and #27, and during week #30 for Group III. DISCUSSION: Epinephrine excretion generally remained in the normal range. However, occasional elevations occurred due to psychological stress, which apparently correlate with changes in group dynamics. Norepinephrine excretion was above the normal range and was correlated with social events. These results suggest that to ensure optimum crew performance, entire crews along with their visiting crews should be selected collectively, rather than individually.

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  • Only NTRS metadata and abstract are open here; full-text methods and results were unavailable for this pass. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.
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Prepared by
GShips Project
Editorial status
metadata-curated-editorial-draft
Editorial reviewer
GShips Project editorial synthesis
Last editorial review
No editorial-review date recorded
Independent review
pending
Independent reviewer
No independent reviewer assigned
Last independent review
No independent-review date exists
Last content edit
Not recorded separately
Official source or link verified
2026-07-25

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