Ethics, alternatives & decision gates

Packet identity

Packet ID

systems:ethics-alternatives

Packet SHA-256 identity

93f6b474c1088873f7670a431bc86a58cb6f0fb7ea61119a1611b7328d056d3a

Corpus SHA-256 identity

8fa944604ca189f5a9216ca59f640ad2ca20972ad512f2f4970764716782e18d

Release ID

public-alpha-2026-07-26-research-visuals-r14

Source commit

3eb036fce3d711336c8c605625895e8a2e799ab0

Frozen corpus date

2026-07-25

Primary records

17

Reference sources

32

Questions and exclusions

Required questions

1. Required question 1 (exact ID: question-1)
   Does each evidence basis, readiness level, confidence level, rationale, and locator match the frozen sources?
2. Required question 2 (exact ID: question-2)
   Are dependencies, failure modes, precursors, unknowns, Earthside benefits, and the stop gate technically and ethically bounded?
3. Required question 3 (exact ID: question-3)
   Which conclusion should be approved, revised, contested, rejected, or recused from at its current fingerprint?

Explicit exclusions

• A system packet is not a complete spacecraft design, feasibility proof, safety case, or launch authorization.
• Context sources do not become direct support unless the record says so with an exact locator and relation.

Requested controlled scopes: affected-public-rights, ethics-planetary-protection, information-science, systems-engineering

Frozen-evidence decision window: 365 days from the packet freeze. Not applicable to this packet family.

Complete primary record set

Every record below has one primary packet owner. Decisions must bind to the exact record and packet fingerprints; a changed lesson body, evidence grade, citation, locator, source snapshot, requirement, policy, release, or commit expires the old packet.

1. system · ethics-alternatives

   Ethics, alternatives & decision gates

   Record fingerprint

   26d441fab037ca844574808a36eeb2af90f2fefe25bb571d8c8793c3249dd9ec

   Minimum approvals

   1

   Required scope groups

   bounded-competence: affected-public-rights, ethics-planetary-protection

   High-consequence domains

   None under the named two-person rule

   Review state

   pending

   Published human decisions

   0

   Inspect the complete frozen review surface

   Slug

   ethics-alternatives

   Name

   Ethics, alternatives & decision gates

   Short Name

   Alternatives

   Index

   19

   Thesis

   The program must preserve the option never to launch; success may be proving that robotic probes, Solar System habitats, Earth resilience, waiting, or non-expansion are better.

   Current State

   1. Robotic probes remove the life-support, reproduction, and confinement burden and provide a lower-rights-burden precursor; treating them as the priority is a normative recommendation, not a technical fact.
   2. Solar System habitats can test many enabling systems with shorter communication and possible rescue, but do not directly validate centuries of duration, interstellar gas and dust, or multigenerational institutional continuity.
   3. Torpor, embryo ships, mind uploading, self-replication, and radical longevity remain speculative or ethically hazardous.

   Unknowns

   1. The value of geographic redundancy must be weighed against contamination, coercion, weaponization, and opportunity cost.
   2. Gigawatt beams, nuclear systems, asteroid movement, autonomous mining, synthetic biology, and replication have serious dual-use potential.
   3. No private organization can legitimately claim to act for all humanity.

   Earth Benefits

   1. A reversible, option-preserving roadmap directs investment toward water, food, health, autonomy, and governance that help now.
   2. Explicit stop rules and red teams counter sunk-cost escalation and megaproject hype.

   Dependencies

   1. mission-architecture
   2. governance-law
   3. destinations-astrobiology

   Gate

   At every major stage, rerun launch, wait, habitat, probe, and do-not-go alternatives; treat pause or abandonment as valid outcomes.

   Sources

   1. Title

      COSPAR Planetary Protection Policy

      URL

      https://cosparhq.cnes.fr/cospar-policy-on-planetary-protection/↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

      Kind

      International scientific policy

   2. Title

      OECD Guidelines for Citizen Participation Processes

      URL

      https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-guidelines-for-citizen-participation-processes_f765caf6-en.html↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

      Kind

      Public-participation guidance

   3. Title

      GAO Major Projects Assessment

      URL

      https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-25-107591↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

      Kind

      Primary or institutional source

   Failure Modes

   1. Sunk cost, prestige, nationalism, or founder mythology converts a contingent research option into an assumed destiny.
   2. Crew selection, reproduction, confinement, destination claims, or dual-use systems violate rights or impose irreversible harms.

   Precursors

   1. Independent ethics review, citizen deliberation, environmental impact practice, red teams, and explicit reversibility tests.
   2. Recurring comparisons against probes, Solar System habitats, faster future propulsion, waiting, and non-expansion.

2. claim · claim-19-01

   The program must preserve the option never to launch; success may be proving that robotic probes, Solar System habitats, Earth resilience, waiting, or non-expansion are better.

   Record fingerprint

   32805ff9263f5247d2560948101a3f89acb60792d5c3e7c8ba6e23be6259d0c4

   Minimum approvals

   2

   Required scope groups

   domain-method: ethics-planetary-protection, governance-law-rights; rights-public-interest: affected-public-rights

   High-consequence domains

   governance, intergenerational-rights

   Review state

   pending

   Published human decisions

   0

   Inspect the complete frozen review surface

   ID

   claim-19-01

   System Slug

   ethics-alternatives

   Kind

   thesis

   Statement Ref

   Field

   thesis

   Statement

   The program must preserve the option never to launch; success may be proving that robotic probes, Solar System habitats, Earth resilience, waiting, or non-expansion are better.

   Statement Fingerprint

   6b378b9d100b129af37024c75480c545c5fc293fd7de3974f2a7820fecb20a32

   Assessment

   Status

   Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

   Basis

   normative

   Readiness

   operational

   Confidence

   supported

   Rationale

   Decision-analysis practice supports explicit alternatives and revisiting decisions under uncertainty; overtaking models show that waiting can be rational under stated assumptions. Preserving refusal is a governance choice, not evidence that any one alternative will always be superior.

   Citations

   1. Source ID

      src-po-nasa-ridm

      Locator

      Chapters 1–3, objectives, alternatives, performance measures, uncertainty, stakeholder inputs, and decision comparison.

      Relation

      Direct method (exact value: direct-method)

   2. Source ID

      src-po-heller-overtaking

      Locator

      Abstract and sections 2–4, conditional wait-time, overtaking, and nearby-target calculations.

      Relation

      Context only (exact value: context-only)

   3. Source ID

      src-po-unesco-future-generations

      Locator

      Articles 1–2 and 11, safeguarding future interests, freedom of choice, and assessment of long-term consequences.

      Relation

      Direct normative authority (exact value: direct-normative-authority)

   Context Source IDs

   1. core-19-1
   2. core-19-2
   3. core-19-3

   Editorial Provenance

   Status

   Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

   Reviewers

   1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

   Conflicts

   1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work and may benefit from continued research even without launch; no entity or funding relationship currently exists.

   What Would Change

   A legitimate independently reviewed framework that better protects affected and future people while permitting evidence-based refusal, redirection, and abandonment could replace this option-preserving rule.

   High Consequence

   1. governance
   2. intergenerational-rights

3. claim · claim-19-02

   Robotic probes remove the life-support, reproduction, and confinement burden and provide a lower-rights-burden precursor; treating them as the priority is a normative recommendation, not a technical fact.

   Record fingerprint

   cd9d83e9969963c59f833a15640009ae664e3439f8508c61085ae739fc0ef7fb

   Minimum approvals

   1

   Required scope groups

   bounded-competence: affected-public-rights, ethics-planetary-protection

   High-consequence domains

   None under the named two-person rule

   Review state

   pending

   Published human decisions

   0

   Inspect the complete frozen review surface

   ID

   claim-19-02

   System Slug

   ethics-alternatives

   Kind

   current state

   Statement Ref

   Field

   currentState

   Index

   0

   Statement

   Robotic probes remove the life-support, reproduction, and confinement burden and provide a lower-rights-burden precursor; treating them as the priority is a normative recommendation, not a technical fact.

   Statement Fingerprint

   8d5ea6820ef805a8afd5302649baf30a4a632dcf31b0ee2a3510c33582518670

   Assessment

   Status

   Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

   Basis

   demonstrated

   Readiness

   Early research (exact value: early-research)

   Confidence

   supported

   Rationale

   Robotic spacecraft demonstrate exploration without onboard human life support or reproduction, while official interstellar strategy remains uncrewed and world-ship studies identify the additional human burdens. Giving probes priority remains a separable normative recommendation.

   Citations

   1. Source ID

      src-po-nasa-voyager-thrusters

      Locator

      Operational account of long-lived robotic spacecraft diagnosis, recovery, delayed commanding, and Earth-team support.

      Relation

      Context only (exact value: context-only)

   2. Source ID

      src-po-nasa-interstellar-propulsion

      Locator

      Abstract and workshop synthesis of an interstellar scientific-probe mission, technical challenges, readiness, and staged development.

      Relation

      Direct demonstration (exact value: direct-demonstration)

   3. Source ID

      src-po-hein-world-ships

      Locator

      Sections 2–4, world-ship characteristics, population, maintenance, resources, and alternative transport modes.

      Relation

      Context only (exact value: context-only)

   Context Source IDs

   1. core-19-1
   2. core-19-2
   3. core-19-3

   Editorial Provenance

   Status

   Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

   Reviewers

   1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

   Conflicts

   1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work; no probe program, customer, sponsor, or partner relationship currently exists.

   What Would Change

   Evidence that robotic precursors cannot answer a decision-critical question, or independent ethical review finding that a specific crewed precursor has lower total rights and safety burden, could change the priority recommendation.

   High Consequence

   None recorded

4. claim · claim-19-03

   Solar System habitats can test many enabling systems with shorter communication and possible rescue, but do not directly validate centuries of duration, interstellar gas and dust, or multigenerational institutional continuity.

   Record fingerprint

   2f9d99d2205a1d1fc6cb6017c64ebba6a7855fe37d5107530e49906243030f9c

   Minimum approvals

   1

   Required scope groups

   bounded-competence: affected-public-rights, ethics-planetary-protection

   High-consequence domains

   None under the named two-person rule

   Review state

   pending

   Published human decisions

   0

   Inspect the complete frozen review surface

   ID

   claim-19-03

   System Slug

   ethics-alternatives

   Kind

   current state

   Statement Ref

   Field

   currentState

   Index

   1

   Statement

   Solar System habitats can test many enabling systems with shorter communication and possible rescue, but do not directly validate centuries of duration, interstellar gas and dust, or multigenerational institutional continuity.

   Statement Fingerprint

   f434113c4d27b9b25d8c7b12d146488e88cfe87637248ad84a91272d8168d69a

   Assessment

   Status

   Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

   Basis

   modeled

   Readiness

   Major scale up (exact value: major-scale-up)

   Confidence

   supported

   Rationale

   Solar System architectures can stage autonomy and habitat demonstrations within a nearer operating environment, but their shorter durations and different external hazards do not represent an interstellar voyage.

   Citations

   1. Source ID

      src-pa-nasa-moon-mars

      Locator

      Lunar and Mars architecture, use cases, segments, and technology and data gaps.

      Relation

      Direct model (exact value: direct-model)

   2. Source ID

      src-mp-nasa-hvit

      Locator

      Current orbital micrometeoroid and debris shielding regimes and test boundaries.

      Relation

      limitation

   3. Source ID

      src-mp-hoang-ism

      Locator

      Conditional gas and dust damage mechanisms for relativistic interstellar flight.

      Relation

      Context only (exact value: context-only)

   Context Source IDs

   1. core-19-1
   2. core-19-2
   3. core-19-3

   Editorial Provenance

   Status

   Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

   Reviewers

   1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

   Conflicts

   1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work.

   What Would Change

   Centuries of cumulative autonomous habitat evidence, representative interstellar-medium testing, or a defensible transfer model would narrow the listed validation gap.

   High Consequence

   None recorded

5. claim · claim-19-04

   Torpor, embryo architectures, mind uploading, self-replication, and radical longevity have different evidence and ethical boundaries and must be assessed separately; none currently closes a generation-ship mission.

   Record fingerprint

   2fe7feff6613e211ffb99ecb14921cc121aa84a703f6522408c4f350a569a43b

   Minimum approvals

   2

   Required scope groups

   domain-method: clinical-health, ethics-planetary-protection; rights-public-interest: affected-public-rights

   High-consequence domains

   intergenerational-rights, medical

   Review state

   pending

   Published human decisions

   0

   Inspect the complete frozen review surface

   ID

   claim-19-04

   System Slug

   ethics-alternatives

   Kind

   current state

   Statement Ref

   Field

   currentState

   Index

   2

   Statement

   Torpor, embryo architectures, mind uploading, self-replication, and radical longevity have different evidence and ethical boundaries and must be assessed separately; none currently closes a generation-ship mission.

   Statement Fingerprint

   84f53b6c03ce3eddd12cab1c85f9bd282f8ddf96749f01d4e23c2f416d64d5bb

   Assessment

   Status

   Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

   Basis

   proposed

   Readiness

   Breakthrough dependent (exact value: breakthrough-dependent)

   Confidence

   tentative

   Rationale

   The cited torpor project reports bounded early research rather than validated long-duration human stasis. Embryo architectures, mind uploading, self-replication, and radical longevity depend on different scientific, technical, medical, identity, guardianship, disability, consent, and governance assumptions. Their readiness and ethical boundaries cannot be transferred across the bundle, and none currently closes a generation-ship mission.

   Citations

   1. Source ID

      src-po-nasa-techport-torpor

      Locator

      Project description, performance period, technology challenge, and reported technology readiness level.

      Relation

      Direct normative authority (exact value: direct-normative-authority)

   2. Source ID

      src-po-hein-world-ships

      Locator

      Alternative transport modes, enabling-technology discussion, sociotechnical limits, and research roadblocks.

      Relation

      Scope boundary (exact value: scope-boundary)

   3. Source ID

      src-po-unicef-crc

      Locator

      Articles 3, 6, 12–17, 23–24, and 28–31, child welfare, development, voice, health, education, and culture.

      Relation

      Context only (exact value: context-only)

   Context Source IDs

   1. core-19-1
   2. core-19-2
   3. core-19-3

   Editorial Provenance

   Status

   Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

   Reviewers

   1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

   Conflicts

   1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work; no medical, reproductive, longevity, uploading, or self-replication program relationship currently exists.

   What Would Change

   Technology-specific replicated demonstrations and independent medical, developmental, identity, consent, disability, and rights review would require splitting and revising this bundled assessment.

   High Consequence

   1. medical
   2. intergenerational-rights

6. claim · claim-19-05

   The value of geographic redundancy must be weighed against contamination, coercion, weaponization, and opportunity cost.

   Record fingerprint

   868ebb8ae52bf864c4946744e5502906415fb15f62cda6b472a07b9325853cb1

   Minimum approvals

   2

   Required scope groups

   domain-method: dual-use-risk, ethics-planetary-protection, governance-law-rights; rights-public-interest: affected-public-rights

   High-consequence domains

   dual-use, governance, intergenerational-rights

   Review state

   pending

   Published human decisions

   0

   Inspect the complete frozen review surface

   ID

   claim-19-05

   System Slug

   ethics-alternatives

   Kind

   unknown

   Statement Ref

   Field

   unknowns

   Index

   0

   Statement

   The value of geographic redundancy must be weighed against contamination, coercion, weaponization, and opportunity cost.

   Statement Fingerprint

   b9bd31efd1df62ca0de9dbb83df6fb2e41f52a7882e47d2f8fa2c17a3dc01ab7

   Assessment

   Status

   Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

   Basis

   normative

   Readiness

   Early research (exact value: early-research)

   Confidence

   supported

   Rationale

   Geographic redundancy may reduce some correlated risks, while current law, security practice, planetary protection, and rights analysis expose contamination, coercion, weaponization, and resource-allocation harms.

   Citations

   1. Source ID

      src-po-unoosa-outer-space-treaty

      Locator

      Peaceful-use context, state responsibility, due regard, harmful contamination, and consultation.

      Relation

      Direct normative authority (exact value: direct-normative-authority)

   2. Source ID

      src-po-cospar-planetary-protection

      Locator

      Current mission-category and contamination-protection policy.

      Relation

      Direct normative authority (exact value: direct-normative-authority)

   3. Source ID

      src-po-un-crpd

      Locator

      Equality, accessibility, health, family, participation, and non-discrimination interests.

      Relation

      Context only (exact value: context-only)

   Context Source IDs

   1. core-19-1
   2. core-19-2
   3. core-19-3

   Editorial Provenance

   Status

   Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

   Reviewers

   1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

   Conflicts

   1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work.

   What Would Change

   A legitimate plural decision process with measured risk reduction, enforceable contamination and noncoercion controls, bounded dual use, and transparent opportunity cost could change a specific redundancy judgment.

   High Consequence

   1. governance
   2. dual-use
   3. intergenerational-rights

7. claim · claim-19-06

   Gigawatt beams, nuclear systems, asteroid movement, autonomous mining, synthetic biology, and replication have serious dual-use potential.

   Record fingerprint

   29e89a4852ad65b9f284304aeecd72e308d34de824d175dd7fa42b632d689ed9

   Minimum approvals

   2

   Required scope groups

   domain-method: defensive-cyber-safety, dual-use-risk, ethics-planetary-protection, governance-law-rights, nuclear-safety; rights-public-interest: affected-public-rights

   High-consequence domains

   cybersecurity, dual-use, governance, nuclear

   Review state

   pending

   Published human decisions

   0

   Inspect the complete frozen review surface

   ID

   claim-19-06

   System Slug

   ethics-alternatives

   Kind

   unknown

   Statement Ref

   Field

   unknowns

   Index

   1

   Statement

   Gigawatt beams, nuclear systems, asteroid movement, autonomous mining, synthetic biology, and replication have serious dual-use potential.

   Statement Fingerprint

   d1e5352fa282af0b9f74826f0dfd507f604a906cf446a51a3ff22181c07e3472

   Assessment

   Status

   Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

   Basis

   demonstrated

   Readiness

   Early research (exact value: early-research)

   Confidence

   strong

   Rationale

   Current export-control, nuclear-security, planetary-defense, biosafety, and cyber frameworks recognize that powerful civil technologies can also create security or harmful-use risks; exact controls remain technology- and context-specific.

   Citations

   1. Source ID

      src-cd-bis-ear

      Locator

      Current U.S. dual-use export-control framework and item, end-user, end-use, and destination scope.

      Relation

      Scope boundary (exact value: scope-boundary)

   2. Source ID

      src-cd-iaea-nuclear-security

      Locator

      Prevention, detection, and response for nuclear and radioactive material, facilities, and transport.

      Relation

      Direct normative authority (exact value: direct-normative-authority)

   3. Source ID

      src-cd-nasa-dart

      Locator

      Observed kinetic asteroid-deflection mission and planetary-defense purpose.

      Relation

      Context only (exact value: context-only)

   4. Source ID

      src-pa-nist-ai-600-1

      Locator

      Information security, misuse, chemical/biological/radiological/nuclear risk, provenance, and governance concerns.

      Relation

      Direct normative authority (exact value: direct-normative-authority)

   Context Source IDs

   1. core-19-1
   2. core-19-2
   3. core-19-3

   Editorial Provenance

   Status

   Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

   Reviewers

   1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

   Conflicts

   1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work.

   What Would Change

   Independently reviewed technology-specific threat models could show that a named capability lacks one of the listed risks or that controls reduce it to an acceptable bound; the broad dual-use category alone does not decide a project.

   High Consequence

   1. dual-use
   2. nuclear
   3. cybersecurity
   4. governance

8. claim · claim-19-07

   No private organization can legitimately claim to act for all humanity.

   Record fingerprint

   ab2c3b19dad8592ab24b3613274232c687ba84ed49d684f0b119f9665a5d0d48

   Minimum approvals

   2

   Required scope groups

   domain-method: ethics-planetary-protection, governance-law-rights; rights-public-interest: affected-public-rights

   High-consequence domains

   governance, human-rights, intergenerational-rights

   Review state

   pending

   Published human decisions

   0

   Inspect the complete frozen review surface

   ID

   claim-19-07

   System Slug

   ethics-alternatives

   Kind

   unknown

   Statement Ref

   Field

   unknowns

   Index

   2

   Statement

   No private organization can legitimately claim to act for all humanity.

   Statement Fingerprint

   c19f51cb6767721fda4309d47b9c62459c931a287c1ecf3a26b1364f2c2ea5c0

   Assessment

   Status

   Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

   Basis

   normative

   Readiness

   operational

   Confidence

   supported

   Rationale

   Current international and business-and-rights frameworks distinguish states, businesses, affected people, and future interests. They provide no basis for a private organization to convert technical capacity, ownership, or funding into authority to represent all humanity.

   Citations

   1. Source ID

      src-gr-ohchr-ungp

      Locator

      Foundational principles and Principles 11–24, distinct state duties, corporate responsibility, due diligence, and remediation.

      Relation

      Direct normative authority (exact value: direct-normative-authority)

   2. Source ID

      src-gr-un-future-generations

      Locator

      Guiding principles and commitments on inclusive decision-making, intergenerational dialogue, diversity, future interests, and accountability.

      Relation

      Context only (exact value: context-only)

   3. Source ID

      src-po-unoosa-outer-space-treaty

      Locator

      Articles I, VI, IX, and XI, exploration for all countries, state responsibility, due regard, consultation, and information sharing.

      Relation

      Context only (exact value: context-only)

   Context Source IDs

   1. core-19-1
   2. core-19-2
   3. core-19-3

   Editorial Provenance

   Status

   Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

   Reviewers

   1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

   Conflicts

   1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work and therefore has a direct interest in limiting its claimed mandate; no entity, government mandate, customer, sponsor, or partner relationship currently exists.

   What Would Change

   A legitimate, inclusive, independently verified mandate with bounded scope, affected-public participation, accountability, revocation, minority findings, and no claim of permanent authority could authorize specific actions but not representation of all humanity.

   High Consequence

   1. governance
   2. intergenerational-rights
   3. human-rights

9. claim · claim-19-08

   A reversible, option-preserving roadmap directs investment toward water, food, health, autonomy, and governance that help now.

   Record fingerprint

   e7e5ccd25f5207c8418f6fd8ecf0c7f84d41ad65778db6ee2bfae739bcfc4c24

   Minimum approvals

   2

   Required scope groups

   domain-method: dual-use-risk, ethics-planetary-protection, governance-law-rights; rights-public-interest: affected-public-rights

   High-consequence domains

   dual-use, governance

   Review state

   pending

   Published human decisions

   0

   Inspect the complete frozen review surface

   ID

   claim-19-08

   System Slug

   ethics-alternatives

   Kind

   earth benefit

   Statement Ref

   Field

   earthBenefits

   Index

   0

   Statement

   A reversible, option-preserving roadmap directs investment toward water, food, health, autonomy, and governance that help now.

   Statement Fingerprint

   2c29b081bb6650d1def02858f13b6111d18c1ff284b495fb0956418b96f9f04c

   Assessment

   Status

   Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

   Basis

   proposed

   Readiness

   Early research (exact value: early-research)

   Confidence

   tentative

   Rationale

   Operational life support and bounded analog programs show nearer beneficiaries for some water, health, and autonomy work, while participation guidance supports accountable governance practice. The broader claim that an option-preserving portfolio will reliably direct investment to present benefit remains untested.

   Citations

   1. Source ID

      src-po-nasa-eclss

      Locator

      Water Recovery, Air Revitalization, Oxygen Generation, waste, and environmental-control subsystem descriptions.

      Relation

      Direct demonstration (exact value: direct-demonstration)

   2. Source ID

      src-po-nasa-hera

      Locator

      Isolation, communication delay, autonomy, human factors, behavioral health, and medical research scope.

      Relation

      Context only (exact value: context-only)

   3. Source ID

      src-po-oecd-citizen-participation

      Locator

      Ten-step participation process and principles for purpose, accountability, inclusion, accessibility, and evaluation.

      Relation

      Context only (exact value: context-only)

   Context Source IDs

   1. core-19-1
   2. core-19-2
   3. core-19-3

   Editorial Provenance

   Status

   Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

   Reviewers

   1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

   Conflicts

   1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work and could benefit from portfolio funding; no entity or funding relationship currently exists.

   What Would Change

   Longitudinal portfolio evidence showing weak present beneficiaries, displacement of better Earthside work, harmful dual-use outcomes, irreversible lock-in, or benefit capture would weaken or reverse this roadmap claim.

   High Consequence

   1. governance
   2. dual-use

10. claim · claim-19-09

    Explicit stop rules and red teams counter sunk-cost escalation and megaproject hype.

    Record fingerprint

    43e7a5b57152cdf833a12d0446329c9b148c244b43d335dba9feefe6285fd9d7

    Minimum approvals

    2

    Required scope groups

    domain-method: dual-use-risk, ethics-planetary-protection, governance-law-rights; rights-public-interest: affected-public-rights

    High-consequence domains

    dual-use, governance

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    claim-19-09

    System Slug

    ethics-alternatives

    Kind

    earth benefit

    Statement Ref

    Field

    earthBenefits

    Index

    1

    Statement

    Explicit stop rules and red teams counter sunk-cost escalation and megaproject hype.

    Statement Fingerprint

    3cc9166b998f13fa96da4a4c0e3823a411bffc25d49c29e0e28745161be254a9

    Assessment

    Status

    Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

    Basis

    proposed

    Readiness

    operational

    Confidence

    supported

    Rationale

    Lifecycle decision analysis, risk-informed comparison, peer review, and disaster-risk learning support explicit alternatives, reassessment, independent challenge, and documented stop conditions. Their effect on sunk-cost escalation in a generation-ship program remains unmeasured.

    Citations

    1. Source ID

       src-mp-nasa-se-handbook

       Locator

       Sections 3 and 6.4–6.8 and Appendix N, lifecycle reviews, risk, assessment, decision analysis, alternatives, and peer review.

       Relation

       Direct method (exact value: direct-method)

    2. Source ID

       src-po-nasa-ridm

       Locator

       Chapters 1–3, objectives, alternatives, performance measures, uncertainty, stakeholder inputs, and risk-informed comparison.

       Relation

       Direct method (exact value: direct-method)

    3. Source ID

       src-gr-undrr-sendai

       Locator

       Priorities 1–4, risk understanding, risk governance, resilience investment, preparedness, response, recovery, and learning.

       Relation

       Context only (exact value: context-only)

    Context Source IDs

    1. core-19-1
    2. core-19-2
    3. core-19-3

    Editorial Provenance

    Status

    Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

    Reviewers

    1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

    Conflicts

    1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work and may benefit from continued research; no entity, funder, customer, sponsor, or partner relationship currently exists.

    What Would Change

    Prospective program evidence showing that published stop rules and independent red teams do not improve cancellation, redirection, risk disclosure, or resistance to sponsor and founder pressure would weaken this claim.

    High Consequence

    1. governance
    2. dual-use

11. claim · claim-19-10

    At every major stage, rerun launch, wait, habitat, probe, and do-not-go alternatives; treat pause or abandonment as valid outcomes.

    Record fingerprint

    47b15ed3c825ade63115963137b3e62f9392d2cde38ee2c97ce4bafb49f5eedf

    Minimum approvals

    2

    Required scope groups

    domain-method: ethics-planetary-protection, governance-law-rights; rights-public-interest: affected-public-rights

    High-consequence domains

    governance, intergenerational-rights

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    claim-19-10

    System Slug

    ethics-alternatives

    Kind

    decision gate

    Statement Ref

    Field

    gate

    Statement

    At every major stage, rerun launch, wait, habitat, probe, and do-not-go alternatives; treat pause or abandonment as valid outcomes.

    Statement Fingerprint

    476a6d380d7259d3e35c9e1e7a35bd6433aeae4f2348bf720eac54cfdd6c336a

    Assessment

    Status

    Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

    Basis

    normative

    Readiness

    operational

    Confidence

    supported

    Rationale

    This is a GShips decision rule intended to preserve reversibility and protect future people. It is compatible with lifecycle decision analysis but requires independent ethical and governance review.

    Citations

    1. Source ID

       src-mp-nasa-se-handbook

       Locator

       Decision analysis, lifecycle review, stakeholder expectations, risk, verification, and validation.

       Relation

       Direct method (exact value: direct-method)

    2. Source ID

       src-pa-un-udhr

       Locator

       Dignity, equality, liberty, family, participation, and remedy as foundational rights context.

       Relation

       Context only (exact value: context-only)

    3. Source ID

       src-pa-nasa-moon-mars

       Locator

       Objectives-first architecture and iterative revision process.

       Relation

       Context only (exact value: context-only)

    Context Source IDs

    1. core-19-1
    2. core-19-2
    3. core-19-3

    Editorial Provenance

    Status

    Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

    Reviewers

    1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

    Conflicts

    1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work.

    What Would Change

    A legitimate independently reviewed framework that better protects affected and future people while keeping pause and refusal real could replace this decision rule.

    High Consequence

    1. governance
    2. intergenerational-rights

12. claim-source · src-cd-bis-ear

    Export Administration Regulations↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    622d3178f5899e5fcb02ff404fcd533a9408344fbf538e9263f441a5e8467b87

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-cd-bis-ear

    Title

    Export Administration Regulations

    Authors

    1. Bureau of Industry and Security

    Publisher

    U.S. Department of Commerce

    Year

    2026

    URL

    https://www.bis.gov/regulations/ear↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Government regulatory record (exact value: government-regulatory-record)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Current U.S. dual-use export-control framework; applicability is item, destination, end-user, end-use, and jurisdiction specific.

13. claim-source · src-cd-iaea-nuclear-security

    Nuclear Security↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    60f87f44a4c371347b1b1084d686ee508d40ae5372a42e16c25a313d69a297e1

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-cd-iaea-nuclear-security

    Title

    Nuclear Security

    Authors

    1. International Atomic Energy Agency

    Publisher

    IAEA

    Year

    2026

    URL

    https://www.iaea.org/topics/nuclear-security↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Intergovernmental security program record (exact value: intergovernmental-security-program-record)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Current international nuclear-security prevention, detection, response, material, facility, and transport context.

14. claim-source · src-cd-nasa-dart

    Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART)↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    47d50a22dd5d5414efdb9f56a59aa079da39030a4bbac4fe0010e7e0e6e126b8

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-cd-nasa-dart

    Title

    Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART)

    Authors

    1. National Aeronautics and Space Administration

    Publisher

    NASA

    Year

    2026

    URL

    https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-defense-dart/↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Completed planetary defense mission record (exact value: completed-planetary-defense-mission-record)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Observed kinetic asteroid-deflection demonstration and planetary-defense purpose; not an asteroid-industrial capability.

15. claim-source · src-pa-un-udhr

    Universal Declaration of Human Rights↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    76b5e1ece5856aeab6c21041a99a08471e25a38c6e310eeb39620a6ec3c68044

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-pa-un-udhr

    Title

    Universal Declaration of Human Rights

    Authors

    1. United Nations General Assembly

    Publisher

    United Nations

    Year

    1948

    URL

    https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    International rights instrument (exact value: international-rights-instrument)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Foundational reference for equality, dignity, privacy, family, expression, association, participation, work, education, and remedy; not a complete space-governance instrument.

16. claim-source · src-po-heller-overtaking

    Relativistic Generalization of the Incentive Trap of Interstellar Travel↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    106323d3c29531ff4a283de4ed1bbb882bd5246f5ba1a3f8f52d44ffc46710d4

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-po-heller-overtaking

    Title

    Relativistic Generalization of the Incentive Trap of Interstellar Travel

    Authors

    1. René Heller

    Publisher

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

    Year

    2017

    URL

    https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.01481↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Peer reviewed conditional model (exact value: peer-reviewed-conditional-model)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Conditional wait-time and overtaking models showing how assumed propulsion progress can alter rational departure timing.

17. claim-source · src-po-nasa-techport-torpor

    Advancing Torpor Inducing Transfer Habitats for Human Stasis to Mars↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    4554887675fd550fe9fc3730d177f554677183df5aa38712eac13e947549ffb5

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-po-nasa-techport-torpor

    Title

    Advancing Torpor Inducing Transfer Habitats for Human Stasis to Mars

    Authors

    1. National Aeronautics and Space Administration

    Publisher

    NASA TechPort

    Year

    2018

    URL

    https://techport.nasa.gov/projects/88911↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Government sponsored early stage project record (exact value: government-sponsored-early-stage-project-record)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Project scope, performance period, concept description, and reported technology-readiness boundary for a torpor transfer habitat.

Frozen source snapshots

Source inclusion does not determine the disposition. Reviewers must inspect the cited locator and relation, note inaccessible material, and identify stronger or conflicting evidence.

Offline packet and worksheet

Downloads contain no reviewer contact details. Downloading does not create an account or store a review response in the GShips application. Ordinary provider request or analytics logs may record the download request. Work locally: the public site has no review account, upload endpoint, or decision-submission API.

Do not paste a completed decision, identity documents, private contact data, confidential conflict evidence, medical information, controlled material, or exploit details into a public form. Until a separately authorized private handoff exists, retain the completed worksheet locally.

Packet schema · JSON · Decision-bundle schema · JSON

Validate offline

Use Node.js 22.13.0 or later. Keep the packet, worksheet, completed decision, and all six kit files together in a local directory.

1. Download the six kit files below. Complete a copy of the JSON template offline and preserve its templateFingerprint.
2. Finalize a separate output file.

   node finalize-review-decision.mjs \
     --input DRAFT.json \
     --output COMPLETED.json

   This marks the copy complete and calculates an unkeyed canonical bundle fingerprint. A fingerprint detects changes; it is not a reviewer signature.

3. Validate the packet and completed copy.

   node check-review-decisions.mjs \
     --packet PACKET.json \
     --decision COMPLETED.json

   Add another --decision for each independent reviewer.

4. Interpret the result narrowly. A zero exit proves structural consistency only. Neither command appoints or qualifies a reviewer, establishes independence, accepts a decision, or authorizes publication.

• Bundle finalizer
• Validator command
• Decision policy module
• Fingerprint and packet-integrity module
• Review-domain policy module
• Canonical synthesis and interactive review specs