Propulsion & trajectory

Packet identity

Packet ID

systems:propulsion

Packet SHA-256 identity

764145eea596feb5adfdffadc752032c623958db3dd424bc0177440e55d51200

Corpus SHA-256 identity

8fa944604ca189f5a9216ca59f640ad2ca20972ad512f2f4970764716782e18d

Release ID

public-alpha-2026-07-26-research-visuals-r14

Source commit

3eb036fce3d711336c8c605625895e8a2e799ab0

Frozen corpus date

2026-07-25

Primary records

30

Reference sources

43

Questions and exclusions

Required questions

1. Required question 1 (exact ID: question-1)
   Does each evidence basis, readiness level, confidence level, rationale, and locator match the frozen sources?
2. Required question 2 (exact ID: question-2)
   Are dependencies, failure modes, precursors, unknowns, Earthside benefits, and the stop gate technically and ethically bounded?
3. Required question 3 (exact ID: question-3)
   Which conclusion should be approved, revised, contested, rejected, or recused from at its current fingerprint?

Explicit exclusions

• A system packet is not a complete spacecraft design, feasibility proof, safety case, or launch authorization.
• Context sources do not become direct support unless the record says so with an exact locator and relation.

Requested controlled scopes: information-science, mission-physics, propulsion-energy, systems-engineering

Frozen-evidence decision window: 365 days from the packet freeze. Not applicable to this packet family.

Complete primary record set

Every record below has one primary packet owner. Decisions must bind to the exact record and packet fingerprints; a changed lesson body, evidence grade, citation, locator, source snapshot, requirement, policy, release, or commit expires the old packet.

1. system · propulsion

   Propulsion & trajectory

   Record fingerprint

   e22dde5ef50a3495a6760d8676ff6860722a1144edc5341c854aef8cb31203f0

   Minimum approvals

   1

   Required scope groups

   bounded-competence: mission-physics, propulsion-energy

   High-consequence domains

   None under the named two-person rule

   Review state

   pending

   Published human decisions

   0

   Inspect the complete frozen review surface

   Slug

   propulsion

   Name

   Propulsion & trajectory

   Short Name

   Propulsion

   Index

   2

   Thesis

   Flight-proven propulsion can send uncrewed spacecraft onto interstellar escape trajectories, but no demonstrated system closes acceleration, cruise survival, and destination deceleration for a crewed multigenerational vehicle. Fusion, antimatter, and externally beamed systems remain distinct concept families with unverified system-level assumptions.

   Current State

   1. At demonstrated performance, chemical and electric systems support Solar System missions. No reviewed worldship mass, delta-v, duration, and arrival case in this foundation corpus closes with demonstrated systems.
   2. Fusion ignition experiments, solar-sail flights, and laboratory radiation-pressure measurements are relevant precedents, not demonstrations of interstellar propulsion.
   3. Starshot proposes gram-scale laser-driven flyby probes and lists unresolved beam, sail, power, pointing, communications, and interstellar-medium challenges; it is not evidence for transporting a habitat.

   Unknowns

   1. Representative-scale fusion burn, power conversion, exhaust handling, and vehicle integration have not been demonstrated.
   2. A rendezvous architecture must remove velocity relative to the destination. Carried propellant, external beams, stellar-photon assists, interaction with the interstellar medium, and predeployed infrastructure are separate proposed approaches; a flyby does not satisfy this requirement.
   3. High-speed interstellar-medium gas and dust, beam governance, energy cost, and drive maintainability remain architecture-limiting.

   Earth Benefits

   1. Representative high-power nuclear-electric vehicles could improve deep-space science and Solar System logistics if integrated reactor, conversion, distribution, thruster, shielding, heat-rejection, and lifetime requirements close.
   2. Beamed-energy control, advanced materials, and plasma research have nearer applications in power, manufacturing, and communications.

   Dependencies

   1. power-thermal
   2. structures-shielding
   3. communications-navigation

   Gate

   No propulsion claim advances beyond concept status without a complete mass, energy, acceleration, braking, thermal, shielding, and failure analysis.

   Sources

   1. Title

      NASA: Prospects for Interstellar Propulsion

      URL

      https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000759↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

      Kind

      Primary or institutional source

   2. Title

      Project Daedalus resources

      URL

      https://www.bis-space.com/technical-projects/↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

      Kind

      Primary or institutional source

   3. Title

      Breakthrough Starshot challenges

      URL

      https://breakthroughinitiatives.org/challenges/3↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

      Kind

      Primary or institutional source

   Failure Modes

   1. Fuel delivery, erosion, pointing, or thermal rejection degrades below the margin required to finish acceleration.
   2. The vehicle reaches cruise speed without a credible destination braking or abort architecture.

   Precursors

   1. Long-life solar-electric, nuclear-electric, and in-space cryogenic-fluid demonstrations.
   2. Beamed-sail, high-power electric, and fusion-material testbeds with independently measured efficiency and erosion.

2. claim · claim-02-01

   Flight-proven propulsion can send uncrewed spacecraft onto interstellar escape trajectories, but no demonstrated system closes acceleration, cruise survival, and destination deceleration for a crewed multigenerational vehicle. Fusion, antimatter, and externally beamed systems remain distinct concept families with unverified system-level assumptions.

   Record fingerprint

   ccd609c0f0d2ab3c0a3ad5dd7b12c5fd0f04d79963f065f1bee1246493d0103f

   Minimum approvals

   2

   Required scope groups

   domain-method: dual-use-risk, mission-physics, nuclear-safety, propulsion-energy; rights-public-interest: affected-public-rights

   High-consequence domains

   dual-use, nuclear

   Review state

   pending

   Published human decisions

   0

   Inspect the complete frozen review surface

   ID

   claim-02-01

   System Slug

   propulsion

   Kind

   thesis

   Statement Ref

   Field

   thesis

   Statement

   Flight-proven propulsion can send uncrewed spacecraft onto interstellar escape trajectories, but no demonstrated system closes acceleration, cruise survival, and destination deceleration for a crewed multigenerational vehicle. Fusion, antimatter, and externally beamed systems remain distinct concept families with unverified system-level assumptions.

   Statement Fingerprint

   20716c930d9e4a04cc60661b3fb053ca9eaf48e7806b7c2254507a77d1494964

   Assessment

   Status

   Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

   Basis

   demonstrated

   Readiness

   Breakthrough dependent (exact value: breakthrough-dependent)

   Confidence

   strong

   Rationale

   Voyager demonstrates uncrewed interstellar escape and long-life operations. The cited fusion and beamed concepts remain proposals and do not close acceleration, cruise survival, and destination deceleration for a crewed multigenerational vehicle.

   Citations

   1. Source ID

      src-mp-voyager

      Locator

      Mission status, heliopause crossings, longevity, and escape rate.

      Relation

      Direct demonstration (exact value: direct-demonstration)

   2. Source ID

      src-mp-longshot

      Locator

      Conceptual pulsed-fusion rendezvous mission and enabling technologies.

      Relation

      Scope boundary (exact value: scope-boundary)

   3. Source ID

      src-mp-parkin-starshot

      Locator

      Conditional gram-scale beamed-sail point design.

      Relation

      Scope boundary (exact value: scope-boundary)

   Context Source IDs

   1. core-02-1
   2. core-02-2
   3. core-02-3

   Editorial Provenance

   Status

   Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

   Reviewers

   1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

   Conflicts

   1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work.

   What Would Change

   An integrated representative demonstration of acceleration, long-duration survival, and destination braking at a defensible payload scale would raise readiness.

   High Consequence

   1. nuclear
   2. dual-use

3. claim · claim-02-02

   At demonstrated performance, chemical and electric systems support Solar System missions. No reviewed worldship mass, delta-v, duration, and arrival case in this foundation corpus closes with demonstrated systems.

   Record fingerprint

   d5a179d82d2454ef89bdd5af132504b75d89c57278b5572abd02b3ea17764251

   Minimum approvals

   1

   Required scope groups

   bounded-competence: affected-public-rights, mission-physics, propulsion-energy

   High-consequence domains

   None under the named two-person rule

   Review state

   pending

   Published human decisions

   0

   Inspect the complete frozen review surface

   ID

   claim-02-02

   System Slug

   propulsion

   Kind

   current state

   Statement Ref

   Field

   currentState

   Index

   0

   Statement

   At demonstrated performance, chemical and electric systems support Solar System missions. No reviewed worldship mass, delta-v, duration, and arrival case in this foundation corpus closes with demonstrated systems.

   Statement Fingerprint

   82cc685821c4da7f101b3c4eb280887079facd836cd507bc9c585e0791445f24

   Assessment

   Status

   Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

   Basis

   demonstrated

   Readiness

   Breakthrough dependent (exact value: breakthrough-dependent)

   Confidence

   supported

   Rationale

   Conventional chemical and electric propulsion operate in Solar System missions, while the ideal rocket equation and interstellar studies expose mass and delta-v gaps that this corpus has not closed for a worldship case.

   Citations

   1. Source ID

      src-mp-nasa-rocket-equation

      Locator

      Ideal delta-v and mass-ratio derivation and stated assumptions.

      Relation

      Direct demonstration (exact value: direct-demonstration)

   2. Source ID

      src-mp-longshot

      Locator

      Pulsed-fusion and power assumptions for a much smaller uncrewed probe.

      Relation

      Context only (exact value: context-only)

   3. Source ID

      src-mp-parkin-starshot

      Locator

      Gram-scale beamed-sail mass and performance boundary.

      Relation

      Context only (exact value: context-only)

   Context Source IDs

   1. core-02-1
   2. core-02-2
   3. core-02-3

   Editorial Provenance

   Status

   Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

   Reviewers

   1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

   Conflicts

   1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work.

   What Would Change

   A reviewed worldship mass, delta-v, duration, and arrival case that closes with demonstrated systems and measured margins would change this assessment.

   High Consequence

   None recorded

4. claim · claim-02-03

   Fusion ignition experiments, solar-sail flights, and laboratory radiation-pressure measurements are relevant precedents, not demonstrations of interstellar propulsion.

   Record fingerprint

   0238cc4ace481d695f4aad93f59a096e19406ad1bb1f1e7b3539dc381e3f403a

   Minimum approvals

   2

   Required scope groups

   domain-method: dual-use-risk, mission-physics, nuclear-safety, propulsion-energy; rights-public-interest: affected-public-rights

   High-consequence domains

   dual-use, nuclear

   Review state

   pending

   Published human decisions

   0

   Inspect the complete frozen review surface

   ID

   claim-02-03

   System Slug

   propulsion

   Kind

   current state

   Statement Ref

   Field

   currentState

   Index

   1

   Statement

   Fusion ignition experiments, solar-sail flights, and laboratory radiation-pressure measurements are relevant precedents, not demonstrations of interstellar propulsion.

   Statement Fingerprint

   e389e4b83f6d75541541bb4bbee0fc4588d31f06aec019a2cb7f9fa0d3ef2004

   Assessment

   Status

   Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

   Basis

   demonstrated

   Readiness

   Early research (exact value: early-research)

   Confidence

   strong

   Rationale

   NIF ignition and target gain, IKAROS solar-sail flight, and laboratory lightsail-material work are bounded precedents. None demonstrates an integrated interstellar propulsion system, representative payload, destination braking, or crewed habitat.

   Citations

   1. Source ID

      src-pn-llnl-fusion-ignition

      Locator

      NIF ignition definition, target laser input, fusion yield, and target-gain records.

      Relation

      Direct demonstration (exact value: direct-demonstration)

   2. Source ID

      src-pn-jaxa-ikaros

      Locator

      Mission objectives, sail construction, photon acceleration, and interplanetary navigation demonstration.

      Relation

      Direct demonstration (exact value: direct-demonstration)

   3. Source ID

      src-pn-atwater-lightsail

      Locator

      Optical, thermal, mechanical, and fabrication requirements for proposed laser-driven sails.

      Relation

      Scope boundary (exact value: scope-boundary)

   Context Source IDs

   1. core-02-1
   2. core-02-2
   3. core-02-3

   Editorial Provenance

   Status

   Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

   Reviewers

   1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

   Conflicts

   1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work.

   What Would Change

   An integrated flight demonstration measuring representative thrust, power, beam or burn control, thermal behavior, useful payload acceleration, failure recovery, and destination braking would raise readiness; another isolated physics result would not.

   High Consequence

   1. nuclear
   2. dual-use

5. claim · claim-02-04

   Starshot proposes gram-scale laser-driven flyby probes and lists unresolved beam, sail, power, pointing, communications, and interstellar-medium challenges; it is not evidence for transporting a habitat.

   Record fingerprint

   68e556be0874ee83a80a1e8ac55605b5489d76c193cf8b0b11da0fcb10840de7

   Minimum approvals

   2

   Required scope groups

   domain-method: dual-use-risk, mission-physics, propulsion-energy; rights-public-interest: affected-public-rights

   High-consequence domains

   dual-use

   Review state

   pending

   Published human decisions

   0

   Inspect the complete frozen review surface

   ID

   claim-02-04

   System Slug

   propulsion

   Kind

   current state

   Statement Ref

   Field

   currentState

   Index

   2

   Statement

   Starshot proposes gram-scale laser-driven flyby probes and lists unresolved beam, sail, power, pointing, communications, and interstellar-medium challenges; it is not evidence for transporting a habitat.

   Statement Fingerprint

   903580df41ded26f5239b68ae5bf9b59caa67f73080b1f86173153ed72bf8d9a

   Assessment

   Status

   Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

   Basis

   proposed

   Readiness

   Breakthrough dependent (exact value: breakthrough-dependent)

   Confidence

   strong

   Rationale

   Official program material and a peer-reviewed system model define a gram-scale beamed-sail flyby concept and its infrastructure; neither represents transport or braking of a habitat.

   Citations

   1. Source ID

      src-mp-starshot-rfp

      Locator

      Gram-scale craft, metre-scale sails, gigawatt-scale laser, approximately 0.2c target, and program phases.

      Relation

      Direct observation (exact value: direct-observation)

   2. Source ID

      src-mp-parkin-starshot

      Locator

      System model, point design, component assumptions, and cost model.

      Relation

      Direct model (exact value: direct-model)

   3. Source ID

      src-mp-hoang-ism

      Locator

      Interstellar-medium survival analysis for a thin 0.2c craft.

      Relation

      limitation

   Context Source IDs

   1. core-02-1
   2. core-02-2
   3. core-02-3

   Editorial Provenance

   Status

   Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

   Reviewers

   1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

   Conflicts

   1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work.

   What Would Change

   A flown beamed-sail precursor with measured beam, atmosphere, pointing, sail, communication, and medium-survival performance would raise component readiness; a habitat claim would still need its own scaling evidence.

   High Consequence

   1. dual-use

6. claim · claim-02-05

   Representative-scale fusion burn, power conversion, exhaust handling, and vehicle integration have not been demonstrated.

   Record fingerprint

   f3ec010c7cff04a6828a97ee0093f210818d600c9d179b4e5368f3f7c432a69a

   Minimum approvals

   2

   Required scope groups

   domain-method: dual-use-risk, mission-physics, nuclear-safety, propulsion-energy, radiation-health-physics; rights-public-interest: affected-public-rights

   High-consequence domains

   dual-use, nuclear, radiation

   Review state

   pending

   Published human decisions

   0

   Inspect the complete frozen review surface

   ID

   claim-02-05

   System Slug

   propulsion

   Kind

   unknown

   Statement Ref

   Field

   unknowns

   Index

   0

   Statement

   Representative-scale fusion burn, power conversion, exhaust handling, and vehicle integration have not been demonstrated.

   Statement Fingerprint

   1030ccd999cd926f57a56747c7b9e3fb62401fef9c2dd71ee745ceee1ba6f9c6

   Assessment

   Status

   Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

   Basis

   observed

   Readiness

   Breakthrough dependent (exact value: breakthrough-dependent)

   Confidence

   supported

   Rationale

   The reviewed experimental record reaches target ignition, while NASA concept studies still treat fusion propulsion as an enabling research area. No cited record demonstrates the complete chain from repeated burn through conversion, exhaust, thermal control, and flight-vehicle integration at representative scale.

   Citations

   1. Source ID

      src-pn-llnl-fusion-ignition

      Locator

      Target-scale ignition and gain results, with laser energy delivered to the target explicitly bounded.

      Relation

      Direct demonstration (exact value: direct-demonstration)

   2. Source ID

      src-po-nasa-interstellar-propulsion

      Locator

      Fusion concept families, readiness gaps, technical challenges, and staged research recommendations.

      Relation

      Scope boundary (exact value: scope-boundary)

   3. Source ID

      src-mp-nasa-thermal

      Locator

      Current spacecraft heat acquisition, transport, and rejection technologies and scale boundaries.

      Relation

      Scope boundary (exact value: scope-boundary)

   Context Source IDs

   1. core-02-1
   2. core-02-2
   3. core-02-3

   Editorial Provenance

   Status

   Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

   Reviewers

   1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

   Conflicts

   1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work.

   What Would Change

   Repeated representative burns that close total facility energy, fuel processing, component life, controlled exhaust, measured thrust, shielding, radiator mass, autonomous maintenance, and safe shutdown would materially raise readiness.

   High Consequence

   1. nuclear
   2. radiation
   3. dual-use

7. claim · claim-02-06

   A rendezvous architecture must remove velocity relative to the destination. Carried propellant, external beams, stellar-photon assists, interaction with the interstellar medium, and predeployed infrastructure are separate proposed approaches; a flyby does not satisfy this requirement.

   Record fingerprint

   0d7db36d7adf15c4253b2e029e962c9338061c9934c15b089ef6fc3bf63677b4

   Minimum approvals

   1

   Required scope groups

   bounded-competence: affected-public-rights, mission-physics, propulsion-energy

   High-consequence domains

   None under the named two-person rule

   Review state

   pending

   Published human decisions

   0

   Inspect the complete frozen review surface

   ID

   claim-02-06

   System Slug

   propulsion

   Kind

   unknown

   Statement Ref

   Field

   unknowns

   Index

   1

   Statement

   A rendezvous architecture must remove velocity relative to the destination. Carried propellant, external beams, stellar-photon assists, interaction with the interstellar medium, and predeployed infrastructure are separate proposed approaches; a flyby does not satisfy this requirement.

   Statement Fingerprint

   61db055d462dc8b81f2e06445ed61e6598522898ca9760476413da531d57463c

   Assessment

   Status

   Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

   Basis

   modeled

   Readiness

   Breakthrough dependent (exact value: breakthrough-dependent)

   Confidence

   strong

   Rationale

   Relative arrival velocity must be removed for rendezvous. Published carried-propellant, photogravitational, magnetic, and electric concepts are distinct conditional approaches rather than one demonstrated braking capability.

   Citations

   1. Source ID

      src-mp-longshot

      Locator

      Mission profile and conceptual onboard deceleration.

      Relation

      Direct model (exact value: direct-model)

   2. Source ID

      src-mp-heller-photograv

      Locator

      Conditional photon-sail photogravitational capture model.

      Relation

      Direct model (exact value: direct-model)

   3. Source ID

      src-mp-perakis-sails

      Locator

      Scenario-specific magnetic and electric sail deceleration model.

      Relation

      Direct model (exact value: direct-model)

   Context Source IDs

   1. core-02-1
   2. core-02-2
   3. core-02-3

   Editorial Provenance

   Status

   Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

   Reviewers

   1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

   Conflicts

   1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work.

   What Would Change

   A representative braking demonstration with measured mass, thermal behavior, navigation error, environmental uncertainty, failure recovery, and reserve would raise readiness.

   High Consequence

   None recorded

8. claim · claim-02-07

   High-speed interstellar-medium gas and dust, beam governance, energy cost, and drive maintainability remain architecture-limiting.

   Record fingerprint

   e2a5d85caeeb1d1e09bb15a550b24867ec46aed9bef4c8d87ba891bba4b1b1a1

   Minimum approvals

   2

   Required scope groups

   domain-method: dual-use-risk, governance-law-rights, mission-physics, propulsion-energy; rights-public-interest: affected-public-rights

   High-consequence domains

   dual-use, energy, governance, materials, spacecraft-safety

   Review state

   pending

   Published human decisions

   0

   Inspect the complete frozen review surface

   ID

   claim-02-07

   System Slug

   propulsion

   Kind

   unknown

   Statement Ref

   Field

   unknowns

   Index

   2

   Statement

   High-speed interstellar-medium gas and dust, beam governance, energy cost, and drive maintainability remain architecture-limiting.

   Statement Fingerprint

   01d97f01fbc83424306309c29d7abc6d1ea16eb6cc94de30a88c6b489afdcecd

   Assessment

   Status

   Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

   Basis

   modeled

   Readiness

   Breakthrough dependent (exact value: breakthrough-dependent)

   Confidence

   supported

   Rationale

   Published models find severe gas and dust interaction effects at relativistic speeds, while beamed-sail concepts require enormous external energy and precision infrastructure. Current law supplies only general responsibility and due-regard principles, and current maintainability standards do not demonstrate repair of such drives; the combined architecture limitation is supported but not quantitatively closed.

   Citations

   1. Source ID

      src-mp-hoang-ism

      Locator

      Sections 2–5 on interstellar gas and dust interactions, heating, erosion, charging, radiation, shielding estimates, and thin relativistic-craft assumptions.

      Relation

      Direct model (exact value: direct-model)

   2. Source ID

      src-mp-london-dust

      Locator

      Model setup, dust-size distributions, impact-energy treatment, erosion and damage estimates, shielding implications, and environmental uncertainty.

      Relation

      Direct model (exact value: direct-model)

   3. Source ID

      src-mp-starshot-rfp

      Locator

      Photon-engine requirements for gigawatt-class beaming, aperture, pointing, atmosphere, energy, staged demonstration, and gram-scale target craft.

      Relation

      Scope boundary (exact value: scope-boundary)

   4. Source ID

      src-im-nasa-rm-8729

      Locator

      Maintainability, restoration, verification, logistics, operations, failure reporting, and lifecycle evidence requirements for present spaceflight systems.

      Relation

      Scope boundary (exact value: scope-boundary)

   5. Source ID

      src-po-unoosa-outer-space-treaty

      Locator

      Articles VI–IX on state responsibility, authorization and continuing supervision, liability context, harmful contamination, consultation, and due regard.

      Relation

      Context only (exact value: context-only)

   Context Source IDs

   1. core-02-1
   2. core-02-2
   3. core-02-3

   Editorial Provenance

   Status

   Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

   Reviewers

   1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

   Conflicts

   1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work; no propulsion developer, laser operator, launch state, regulator, customer, sponsor, or partner relationship currently exists.

   What Would Change

   Representative high-speed material tests, a costed full-energy beam system, independently reviewed safety and liability governance, and maintainability demonstrations under mission radiation and thermal loads could narrow or remove individual limits.

   High Consequence

   1. spacecraft-safety
   2. dual-use
   3. materials
   4. energy
   5. governance

9. claim · claim-02-08

   Representative high-power nuclear-electric vehicles could improve deep-space science and Solar System logistics if integrated reactor, conversion, distribution, thruster, shielding, heat-rejection, and lifetime requirements close.

   Record fingerprint

   323972aa1278673c3a6d7e1172307b1fb4eb0aebb8e946fbdfdfbcd47b520da3

   Minimum approvals

   2

   Required scope groups

   domain-method: dual-use-risk, mission-physics, nuclear-safety, propulsion-energy; rights-public-interest: affected-public-rights

   High-consequence domains

   dual-use, nuclear

   Review state

   pending

   Published human decisions

   0

   Inspect the complete frozen review surface

   ID

   claim-02-08

   System Slug

   propulsion

   Kind

   earth benefit

   Statement Ref

   Field

   earthBenefits

   Index

   0

   Statement

   Representative high-power nuclear-electric vehicles could improve deep-space science and Solar System logistics if integrated reactor, conversion, distribution, thruster, shielding, heat-rejection, and lifetime requirements close.

   Statement Fingerprint

   27ebedb45e9dff2f599efc63c91ebbda6a18cb46c11007de2d9b9635625652fc

   Assessment

   Status

   Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

   Basis

   modeled

   Readiness

   Early research (exact value: early-research)

   Confidence

   supported

   Rationale

   Operational low-power electric propulsion establishes a bounded precursor, but representative high-power nuclear-electric vehicle integration remains modeled or proposed. Reactor, conversion, power management and distribution, thrusters, heat rejection, shielding, control, fault shutdown, lifetime, maintainability, and vehicle mass must be assessed together; no cited result demonstrates that complete system.

   Citations

   1. Source ID

      src-pn-nasa-dawn-ion

      Locator

      Ion-engine thrust, xenon inventory, more than two thousand thrusting days, and Vesta and Ceres operations.

      Relation

      Context only (exact value: context-only)

   2. Source ID

      src-pn-nasa-in-space-propulsion

      Locator

      Electric-propulsion flight heritage, performance ranges, power coupling, lifetime, and mission applications.

      Relation

      Scope boundary (exact value: scope-boundary)

   3. Source ID

      src-pn-nasa-nuclear-propulsion

      Locator

      Nuclear-electric propulsion development scope and proposed Moon, Mars, and deep-space mission benefits.

      Relation

      Context only (exact value: context-only)

   4. Source ID

      src-pn-nasa-nep-2026

      Locator

      Representative megawatt-class architecture, subsystem maturity, integration, lifetime, power-management, thermal-rejection, shielding, and test requirements.

      Relation

      Direct model (exact value: direct-model)

   Context Source IDs

   1. core-02-1
   2. core-02-2
   3. core-02-3

   Editorial Provenance

   Status

   Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

   Reviewers

   1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

   Conflicts

   1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work.

   What Would Change

   Sustained cargo or science missions with measured high-power generation, thruster lifetime, radiator performance, maintainability, propellant logistics, safety, and lifecycle cost would narrow the major-scale-up judgment.

   High Consequence

   1. nuclear
   2. dual-use

10. claim · claim-02-09

    Beamed-energy control, advanced materials, and plasma research have nearer applications in power, manufacturing, and communications.

    Record fingerprint

    65b09518b1888fbbbd75f2472d2e7a9461267073e5201c14002fb1e54072bbd7

    Minimum approvals

    2

    Required scope groups

    domain-method: dual-use-risk, mission-physics, propulsion-energy; rights-public-interest: affected-public-rights

    High-consequence domains

    dual-use

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    claim-02-09

    System Slug

    propulsion

    Kind

    earth benefit

    Statement Ref

    Field

    earthBenefits

    Index

    1

    Statement

    Beamed-energy control, advanced materials, and plasma research have nearer applications in power, manufacturing, and communications.

    Statement Fingerprint

    434ea08f0f2c2ab98158b90b20eca00752e350804a09a05e12848ffcc9fb955b

    Assessment

    Status

    Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

    Basis

    demonstrated

    Readiness

    Major scale up (exact value: major-scale-up)

    Confidence

    supported

    Rationale

    Optical communication, deployable-sail materials, electric and plasma propulsion, coherent control, and precision photonics already have bounded space applications. The evidence supports nearer component benefits, not a blanket promise that an interstellar beam program will produce economical power or manufacturing products.

    Citations

    1. Source ID

       src-pn-jpl-dsoc

       Locator

       Flight and ground optical terminals, pointing architecture, achieved data rates and distances, and concluded demonstration status.

       Relation

       Direct demonstration (exact value: direct-demonstration)

    2. Source ID

       src-pn-nasa-acs3

       Locator

       Composite-boom deployment demonstration and proposed space-weather, reconnaissance, and communications-relay applications.

       Relation

       Direct demonstration (exact value: direct-demonstration)

    3. Source ID

       src-pn-atwater-lightsail

       Locator

       Materials, optical response, thermal response, mechanical stability, and fabrication research requirements.

       Relation

       Context only (exact value: context-only)

    4. Source ID

       src-pn-nasa-in-space-propulsion

       Locator

       Electric, electromagnetic, and electrothermal propulsion categories, flight heritage, power coupling, and mission applications.

       Relation

       Context only (exact value: context-only)

    Context Source IDs

    1. core-02-1
    2. core-02-2
    3. core-02-3

    Editorial Provenance

    Status

    Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

    Reviewers

    1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

    Conflicts

    1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work.

    What Would Change

    Measured civilian deployments with transparent beam safety, independently verified pointing limits, lifecycle energy and cost, material yield, and communications performance would strengthen the benefit claim; weapon integration or poor transfer would weaken it.

    High Consequence

    1. dual-use

11. claim · claim-02-10

    No propulsion claim advances beyond concept status without a complete mass, energy, acceleration, braking, thermal, shielding, and failure analysis.

    Record fingerprint

    6d4e5880585a9af1bfe19e58db101991ca6f4deaca047024631eff396afd6b85

    Minimum approvals

    2

    Required scope groups

    domain-method: dual-use-risk, mission-physics, propulsion-energy; rights-public-interest: affected-public-rights

    High-consequence domains

    dual-use

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    claim-02-10

    System Slug

    propulsion

    Kind

    decision gate

    Statement Ref

    Field

    gate

    Statement

    No propulsion claim advances beyond concept status without a complete mass, energy, acceleration, braking, thermal, shielding, and failure analysis.

    Statement Fingerprint

    f1c7cf034ec4a197324bbe365f4f880f3fd8b9d2fa2993a78d0f5ad41d226206

    Assessment

    Status

    Editorial assessed (exact value: editorial-assessed)

    Basis

    normative

    Readiness

    Early research (exact value: early-research)

    Confidence

    supported

    Rationale

    This is an evidence-admission rule: a propulsion conclusion is incomplete when it omits the mass, energy, acceleration, braking, heat, protection, and failure interfaces that determine mission viability.

    Citations

    1. Source ID

       src-mp-nasa-se-handbook

       Locator

       Requirements, interfaces, technical assessment, verification, validation, and decision analysis.

       Relation

       Direct method (exact value: direct-method)

    2. Source ID

       src-mp-semay-relativistic-flight

       Locator

       Relativistic motion and rocket equations.

       Relation

       Direct model (exact value: direct-model)

    3. Source ID

       src-mp-nasa-thermal

       Locator

       Current thermal-control architectures and constraints.

       Relation

       Direct method (exact value: direct-method)

    Context Source IDs

    1. core-02-1
    2. core-02-2
    3. core-02-3

    Editorial Provenance

    Status

    Substantive editorial review (exact value: substantive-editorial-review)

    Reviewers

    1. GShips Project editorial synthesis

    Conflicts

    1. Publisher intends to explore a commercial venture based on some GShips work.

    What Would Change

    A stronger independently reviewed propulsion evidence standard could replace this checklist, but isolated thrust or speed performance would not be sufficient.

    High Consequence

    1. dual-use

12. claim-source · src-mp-heller-photograv

    Deceleration of high-velocity interstellar photon sails into bound orbits at Alpha Centauri↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    5305f48795aadc412b09724c8e7373ad15201e9b8e0a1bbd99edbd9c4b09f383

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-mp-heller-photograv

    Title

    Deceleration of high-velocity interstellar photon sails into bound orbits at Alpha Centauri

    Authors

    1. René Heller
    2. Michael Hippke

    Publisher

    The Astrophysical Journal Letters

    Year

    2017

    URL

    https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/835/2/L32↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Peer reviewed model (exact value: peer-reviewed-model)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Conditional photogravitational capture trajectories for extremely low-areal-density sails.

13. claim-source · src-mp-hoang-ism

    The Interaction of Relativistic Spacecrafts with the Interstellar Medium↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    246c03a26bf9141a4e636e84121374c0dc4d55b43ea2f90acc240fa954e35f0b

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-mp-hoang-ism

    Title

    The Interaction of Relativistic Spacecrafts with the Interstellar Medium

    Authors

    1. Thiem Hoang
    2. Alex Lazarian
    3. Blakesley Burkhart
    4. Abraham Loeb

    Publisher

    The Astrophysical Journal

    Year

    2017

    URL

    https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa5da6↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Peer reviewed model (exact value: peer-reviewed-model)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Conditional gas and dust damage, erosion, heating, charging, and shielding mechanisms at 0.2c.

14. claim-source · src-mp-london-dust

    Evaluation of the Hazard of Dust Impacts on Interstellar Spacecraft↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    46804722794ea03133478ea64cdf806db527aedfd424e0ccefc5ca64b28dd9de

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-mp-london-dust

    Title

    Evaluation of the Hazard of Dust Impacts on Interstellar Spacecraft

    Authors

    1. Richard A. London
    2. James T. Early

    Publisher

    Journal of the British Interplanetary Society

    Year

    2018

    URL

    https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1525731↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Peer reviewed model (exact value: peer-reviewed-model)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Hydrodynamic simulations of relativistic dust-impact material response.

15. claim-source · src-mp-nasa-rocket-equation

    Ideal Rocket Equation↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    07edb85bf2537d2968012f2d94818b7208e30e55c5f4278ed6860462a5da047a

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-mp-nasa-rocket-equation

    Title

    Ideal Rocket Equation

    Authors

    1. NASA Glenn Research Center

    Publisher

    NASA

    Year

    2026

    URL

    https://www1.grc.nasa.gov/beginners-guide-to-aeronautics/ideal-rocket-equation/↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Institutional technical explanation (exact value: institutional-technical-explanation)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Derivation, mass ratio, effective exhaust velocity, and idealizing assumptions.

16. claim-source · src-mp-nasa-thermal

    Small Spacecraft Thermal Control↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    7a8659671693753ce207112d78647e13c0d16ca614f88384ce45d0fbae82b9fd

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-mp-nasa-thermal

    Title

    Small Spacecraft Thermal Control

    Authors

    1. NASA Small Spacecraft Systems Virtual Institute

    Publisher

    NASA

    Year

    2026

    URL

    https://www.nasa.gov/smallsat-institute/sst-soa/thermal-control/↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Institutional state of the art (exact value: institutional-state-of-the-art)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Passive and active heat transport and rejection at current spacecraft scales.

17. claim-source · src-mp-parkin-starshot

    The Breakthrough Starshot System Model↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    d799e8be3524c09b2f9805be31bcb434f2b6dfa58dc4adb2594f6daf1ef7ce29

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-mp-parkin-starshot

    Title

    The Breakthrough Starshot System Model

    Authors

    1. Kevin L. G. Parkin

    Publisher

    Acta Astronautica

    Year

    2018

    URL

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.08.035↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Peer reviewed system model (exact value: peer-reviewed-system-model)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Conditional gram-scale 0.2c beamed-sail system model and point design.

18. claim-source · src-mp-perakis-sails

    Combining Magnetic and Electric Sails for Interstellar Deceleration↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    938f052c2fd394cb434875f433f86a561cd342e973cf557900f8a0b01b7b4589

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-mp-perakis-sails

    Title

    Combining Magnetic and Electric Sails for Interstellar Deceleration

    Authors

    1. Nikolaos Perakis
    2. Andreas M. Hein

    Publisher

    Acta Astronautica

    Year

    2016

    URL

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.07.005↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Peer reviewed model (exact value: peer-reviewed-model)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Scenario-specific magnetic and electric sail deceleration model.

19. claim-source · src-mp-starshot-rfp

    Breakthrough Starshot Photon Engine Request for Proposals↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    90af274067e89ba079dd18948ca3c37bff82041b107563ba0e248e6fee250e01

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-mp-starshot-rfp

    Title

    Breakthrough Starshot Photon Engine Request for Proposals

    Authors

    1. Breakthrough Initiatives

    Publisher

    Breakthrough Initiatives

    Year

    2017

    URL

    https://breakthroughinitiatives.org/i/docs/rfp_photon_engine_final.pdf↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Official program document (exact value: official-program-document)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Program-defined gram-scale craft, metre-scale sail, gigawatt-class beam, target speed, and schedule assumptions.

20. claim-source · src-mp-voyager

    Voyager: Interstellar Messengers↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    53b1784a1491523dbf92260429314124413890e3d1c09e62d3a2a6b435e3e421

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-mp-voyager

    Title

    Voyager: Interstellar Messengers

    Authors

    1. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    2. Jet Propulsion Laboratory

    Publisher

    NASA/JPL

    Year

    2026

    URL

    https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Active mission record (exact value: active-mission-record)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Observed mission status, heliopause crossings, longevity, and escape rate.

21. claim-source · src-pn-atwater-lightsail

    Materials challenges for the Starshot lightsail↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    62a83008d29f7a78104af2e508c1f77ff9bfb74c9c3e3b6ae2e7ae8d71f463f7

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-pn-atwater-lightsail

    Title

    Materials challenges for the Starshot lightsail

    Authors

    1. Harry A. Atwater
    2. Artur R. Davoyan
    3. Ognjen Ilic
    4. Deep Jariwala
    5. Michelle C. Sherrott
    6. Cora M. Went
    7. William S. Whitney
    8. Jiajie Wong

    Publisher

    Nature Materials

    Year

    2018

    URL

    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0075-8↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Peer reviewed materials assessment (exact value: peer-reviewed-materials-assessment)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Optical, thermal, mechanical, fabrication, and stability requirements for a proposed gram-scale laser-driven lightsail.

22. claim-source · src-pn-jaxa-ikaros

    IKAROS Overview↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    92494a8a1f50de2ed6db4cdef132792f975483eacf0fe91b28fe0061c101a3dc

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-pn-jaxa-ikaros

    Title

    IKAROS Overview

    Authors

    1. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

    Publisher

    JAXA

    Year

    2010

    URL

    https://global.jaxa.jp/countdown/f17/overview/ikaros_e.html↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Operational mission record (exact value: operational-mission-record)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Official IKAROS objectives, sail dimensions and material, deployment, solar-power-sail acceleration, and interplanetary navigation demonstration.

23. claim-source · src-pn-jpl-dsoc

    Deep Space Optical Communications↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    11624d767d92c18f8e7cce8e742966c6beceea585f0f4cc7b279ec7532e3bd65

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-pn-jpl-dsoc

    Title

    Deep Space Optical Communications

    Authors

    1. Jet Propulsion Laboratory

    Publisher

    NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

    Year

    2025

    URL

    https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/deep-space-optical-communications-dsoc/↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Technology demonstration record (exact value: technology-demonstration-record)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    DSOC flight and ground terminals, achieved rates and distances, cumulative delivered data, pointing architecture, and completed demonstration boundary.

24. claim-source · src-pn-llnl-fusion-ignition

    Achieving Fusion Ignition↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    a1a1c133a9bb4e0a445fe436192cc57b04ba156ab43c7ff3513f994ad956085a

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-pn-llnl-fusion-ignition

    Title

    Achieving Fusion Ignition

    Authors

    1. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

    Publisher

    Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

    Year

    2026

    URL

    https://lasers.llnl.gov/science/achieving-fusion-ignition↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Government laboratory experiment record (exact value: government-laboratory-experiment-record)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    NIF target-energy inputs, fusion yields, target-gain records, and the bounded experimental meaning of inertial-confinement ignition.

25. claim-source · src-pn-nasa-acs3

    Sail Along with NASA's Solar Sail Tech Demo in Real-Time Simulation↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    94bc5d06bdeceb92f376e609fecb41424ee9fdd451ce7d86f6587c377747f81c

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-pn-nasa-acs3

    Title

    Sail Along with NASA's Solar Sail Tech Demo in Real-Time Simulation

    Authors

    1. National Aeronautics and Space Administration

    Publisher

    NASA Science

    Year

    2024

    URL

    https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/sail-along-with-nasas-solar-sail-tech-demo-in-real-time-simulation/↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Technology demonstration record (exact value: technology-demonstration-record)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    ACS3 launch, low-Earth orbit, sail deployment, composite-boom test boundary, and intended Solar System applications.

26. claim-source · src-pn-nasa-dawn-ion

    Dawn: Technology — Ion Propulsion↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    73f7fb497ea929edd6e548cd0a633996756feb0ce64512bb4843e7d79f15f400

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-pn-nasa-dawn-ion

    Title

    Dawn: Technology — Ion Propulsion

    Authors

    1. National Aeronautics and Space Administration

    Publisher

    NASA Science

    Year

    2026

    URL

    https://science.nasa.gov/mission/dawn/technology/ion-propulsion/↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Operational mission record (exact value: operational-mission-record)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Observed Dawn ion-engine thrust, xenon load, accumulated thrusting duration, and Vesta and Ceres mission context.

27. claim-source · src-pn-nasa-in-space-propulsion

    Small Spacecraft In-Space Propulsion↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    1a5958f8c467d4728bc32a1231a9c90c6432b1273881f661fd17241f214c1e4b

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-pn-nasa-in-space-propulsion

    Title

    Small Spacecraft In-Space Propulsion

    Authors

    1. NASA Small Spacecraft Systems Virtual Institute

    Publisher

    NASA

    Year

    2026

    URL

    https://www.nasa.gov/smallsat-institute/sst-soa/in-space_propulsion/↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Institutional state of the art (exact value: institutional-state-of-the-art)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Chemical, electric, and propellantless propulsion taxonomy, flight heritage, representative performance, and bounded small-spacecraft readiness.

28. claim-source · src-pn-nasa-nep-2026

    Megawatt-Class Nuclear Electric Propulsion Technology Maturation Plan↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    707242361dd22a0aad919490555bb953c9854ffaa4e5e966048c4238069c37b3

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-pn-nasa-nep-2026

    Title

    Megawatt-Class Nuclear Electric Propulsion Technology Maturation Plan

    Authors

    1. National Aeronautics and Space Administration

    Publisher

    NASA Technical Reports Server

    Year

    2026

    URL

    https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20260001499↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Government technology maturation plan (exact value: government-technology-maturation-plan)

    Checked At

    2026-07-26

    Scope Note

    Representative megawatt-class nuclear-electric propulsion architecture, subsystem maturity, integration, lifetime, power management, thermal rejection, shielding, and test needs. The plan is a modeled development roadmap, not a flight demonstration or operational logistics system.

29. claim-source · src-pn-nasa-nuclear-propulsion

    Space Nuclear Propulsion↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    64399deeae831650a7d6b9ab5b736d4a3e901ef5934595c5214675dbfd475f0b

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-pn-nasa-nuclear-propulsion

    Title

    Space Nuclear Propulsion

    Authors

    1. National Aeronautics and Space Administration

    Publisher

    NASA

    Year

    2026

    URL

    https://www.nasa.gov/space-technology-mission-directorate/tdm/space-nuclear-propulsion/↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    Active technology program record (exact value: active-technology-program-record)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Current NASA development boundary for nuclear thermal and nuclear electric propulsion and their proposed Solar System mission roles.

30. claim-source · src-po-unoosa-outer-space-treaty

    Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Record fingerprint

    dd54e0de1825019f071884316d659e4fef6187bd4d438128e26becdfda8c7291

    Minimum approvals

    1

    Required scope groups

    bounded-competence: information-science

    High-consequence domains

    None under the named two-person rule

    Review state

    pending

    Published human decisions

    0

    Inspect the complete frozen review surface

    ID

    src-po-unoosa-outer-space-treaty

    Title

    Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space

    Authors

    1. United Nations

    Publisher

    United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs

    Year

    1967

    URL

    https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/outerspacetreaty.html↗ (opens external site in a new tab)

    Kind

    International treaty (exact value: international-treaty)

    Checked At

    2026-07-25

    Scope Note

    Treaty text on peaceful use, state responsibility, jurisdiction, due regard, harmful contamination, consultation, and information sharing.

Frozen source snapshots

Source inclusion does not determine the disposition. Reviewers must inspect the cited locator and relation, note inaccessible material, and identify stronger or conflicting evidence.

Offline packet and worksheet

Downloads contain no reviewer contact details. Downloading does not create an account or store a review response in the GShips application. Ordinary provider request or analytics logs may record the download request. Work locally: the public site has no review account, upload endpoint, or decision-submission API.

Do not paste a completed decision, identity documents, private contact data, confidential conflict evidence, medical information, controlled material, or exploit details into a public form. Until a separately authorized private handoff exists, retain the completed worksheet locally.

Packet schema · JSON · Decision-bundle schema · JSON

Validate offline

Use Node.js 22.13.0 or later. Keep the packet, worksheet, completed decision, and all six kit files together in a local directory.

1. Download the six kit files below. Complete a copy of the JSON template offline and preserve its templateFingerprint.
2. Finalize a separate output file.

   node finalize-review-decision.mjs \
     --input DRAFT.json \
     --output COMPLETED.json

   This marks the copy complete and calculates an unkeyed canonical bundle fingerprint. A fingerprint detects changes; it is not a reviewer signature.

3. Validate the packet and completed copy.

   node check-review-decisions.mjs \
     --packet PACKET.json \
     --decision COMPLETED.json

   Add another --decision for each independent reviewer.

4. Interpret the result narrowly. A zero exit proves structural consistency only. Neither command appoints or qualifies a reviewer, establishes independence, accepts a decision, or authorizes publication.

• Bundle finalizer
• Validator command
• Decision policy module
• Fingerprint and packet-integrity module
• Review-domain policy module
• Canonical synthesis and interactive review specs