Atlas stable hash bucket 0C

Packet identity

Packet ID: resources:bucket-0c
Packet SHA-256 identity: 3aa2489045bf9af370ca6021d3feb3bacc2cb9b7e230ffe1c14d93b73d49b84f
Corpus SHA-256 identity: 8fa944604ca189f5a9216ca59f640ad2ca20972ad512f2f4970764716782e18d
Release ID: public-alpha-2026-07-26-research-visuals-r14
Source commit: 3eb036fce3d711336c8c605625895e8a2e799ab0
Frozen corpus date: 2026-07-25
Primary records: 31
Reference sources: 31

Questions and exclusions

Required questions

Required question 1 (exact ID: question-1)
Is each canonical record correctly identified, deduplicated, classified, dated, and scoped?
Required question 2 (exact ID: question-2)
Does the selection note explain relevance without automatically treating the resource as claim support?
Required question 3 (exact ID: question-3)
Are access, source class, version, retraction, rights, and transfer limits represented accurately?

Explicit exclusions

Atlas inclusion is not endorsement and does not make a source evidence for a claim.
Metadata review does not certify the full text, methods, data, or conclusions.

Requested controlled scopes: information-science, systems-engineering

Frozen-evidence decision window: 365 days from the packet freeze. Not applicable to this packet family.

Complete primary record set

Every record below has one primary packet owner. Decisions must bind to the exact record and packet fingerprints; a changed lesson body, evidence grade, citation, locator, source snapshot, requirement, policy, release, or commit expires the old packet.

atlas-resource · core-01-2

World Ships: Feasibility and Rationale

Record fingerprint
ed8e7d1733f7b57b5728d1a371c5f527435d550cf86105c910861b30b3d0688f

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0

Inspect the complete frozen review surface

ID
core-01-2
Title
World Ships: Feasibility and Rationale
URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.04100 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
mission-architecture
Year
Not recorded
Authors
None recorded
Publisher
Peer-reviewed synthesis
Resource Type
Peer-reviewed synthesis
Access
official link
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Verified At
2026-07-25
Selection Note
Inspected as a core capability-area source. Inclusion supplies context; it is not automatically evidence for a provisional claim.
atlas-resource · ntrs-19630028484

FEASIBILITY OF INTERSTELLAR TRAVEL

Record fingerprint
d3aaf7aba3d2d3cba44d310bede9b71a711ecac1e668c880292f253c022523e0

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-19630028484
Title
FEASIBILITY OF INTERSTELLAR TRAVEL
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630028484 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
ethics-alternatives
Year
1963
Published At
1963-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Jaffe, L. D.
Spencer, D. F.
Publisher
Legacy CDMS
Resource Type
Reprint (Version printed in journal)
Access
open metadata
Abstract
Interstellar travel using nuclear energy supported by equations for single-stage and multistage rocket propulsion and examples of velocities and transit times
Keywords
MULTISTAGE ROCKET
NUCLEAR ENERGY
SPACE FLIGHT
INTERSTELLAR TRAVEL
SINGLE-STAGE ROCKET
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated because this 1963 reprint (version printed in journal) from Legacy CDMS specifically covers “FEASIBILITY OF INTERSTELLAR TRAVEL”; its abstract describes Interstellar travel using nuclear energy supported by equations for single-stage and multistage rocket propulsion and examples of velocities and transit times This materially informs GShips ethics and alternatives.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
ethics and alternatives
Evidence Boundary
Only NTRS metadata and abstract are open here; full-text methods and results were unavailable for this pass. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.
atlas-resource · ntrs-19660036783

Is interstellar travel possible/ques/

Record fingerprint
cca62681b8fa3bda4974274fbb4dace7e74d31d81ce62b6c4d34ddd22ab37beb

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-19660036783
Title
Is interstellar travel possible/ques/
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660036783 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
ethics-alternatives
Year
1964
Published At
1964-12-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Oepik, E. J.
Publisher
Legacy CDMS
Resource Type
Reprint (Version printed in journal)
Access
open metadata
Abstract
Interstellar travel using ramjet technique and interstellar gas in conjunction with nuclear fusion
Keywords
INTERSTELLAR TRAVEL
RAMJET ENGINE
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated because this 1964 reprint (version printed in journal) from Legacy CDMS specifically covers “Is interstellar travel possible/ques/”; its abstract describes Interstellar travel using ramjet technique and interstellar gas in conjunction with nuclear fusion This materially informs GShips ethics and alternatives.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
ethics and alternatives
Evidence Boundary
Only NTRS metadata and abstract are open here; full-text methods and results were unavailable for this pass. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.
atlas-resource · ntrs-19840015024

Behavioral biology of mammalian reproduction and development for a space station

Record fingerprint
f9af8653d676f21220058805e9157b9b3f0a63bd83f87afe970e49ef1614343f

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-19840015024
Title
Behavioral biology of mammalian reproduction and development for a space station
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840015024 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
reproduction-genetics
Year
1983
Published At
1983-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Alberts, J. R.
Publisher
Legacy CDMS
Resource Type
Contractor Report (CR)
Access
open full text
Abstract
Space Station research includes two kinds of adaption to space: somatic (the adjustments made by an organism, within its lifetime, in response to local conditions), and transgenerational adaption (continuous exposure across sequential life cycles of genetic descendents). Transgenerational effects are akin to evolutionary process. Areas of a life Sciences Program in a space station address the questions of the behavioral biology of mammalian reproduction and development, using the Norway rat as the focus of experimentation.
Keywords
None recorded
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated for an early behavioral-biology framing of mammalian transgenerational adaptation to spaceflight, a historically important statement of the multigenerational research problem.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
transgenerational adaptation research
Evidence Boundary
This is old, proposal-oriented context and does not establish adaptation, safety, heritability, or acceptable ethics. Full methods and outcomes were not validated; it is not reproductive or medical claim evidence.
atlas-resource · ntrs-19850018292

The Controlled Ecological Life Support System

Record fingerprint
bf590d96b71b06829bff75ec8de91c1d6bede89654ba33c5a59ff3a54360d538

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-19850018292
Title
The Controlled Ecological Life Support System
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850018292 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
ecology-food
Year
1985
Published At
1985-04-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Ko, K.
Publisher
Legacy CDMS
Resource Type
Other - Other
Access
open full text
Abstract
A Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) is needed which would convert waste water to usable water, waste products to food, and CO2 to O2 to permit long duration space flight. Algae, representing the autotroph, and mice, representing the heterotroph are placed together in a controlled, gas closed environment to examine the gas exchange rate of O2 and CO2. The eventual goal is to develop biological controls that can stabilize atmospheres.
Keywords
None recorded
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated because this 1985 other - other from Legacy CDMS specifically covers “The Controlled Ecological Life Support System”; its abstract describes A Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) is needed which would convert waste water to usable water, waste products to food, and CO2 to O2 to permit long duration… This materially informs GShips closed ecology and food.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
closed ecology and food
Evidence Boundary
NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.
atlas-resource · ntrs-19860053431

On the question of interstellar travel

Record fingerprint
a2761be25acb36ffd70082faae33c3601ae348752e1c8d187246ff7fe56edb06

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-19860053431
Title
On the question of interstellar travel
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860053431 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
ethics-alternatives
Year
1985
Published At
1985-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Wolfe, J. H.
Publisher
Legacy CDMS
Resource Type
Conference Paper
Access
open metadata
Abstract
Arguments are presented which show that motives for interstellar travel by advanced technological civilizations based on an extrapolation of earth's history may be quite invalid. In addition, it is proposed that interstellar travel is so enormously expensive and perhaps so hazardous, that advanced civilizations do not engage in such practices because of the ease of information transfer via interstellar communication.
Keywords
None recorded
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated because this 1985 conference paper from Legacy CDMS specifically covers “On the question of interstellar travel”; its abstract describes Arguments are presented which show that motives for interstellar travel by advanced technological civilizations based on an extrapolation of earth's history may be quite… This materially informs GShips ethics and alternatives.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
ethics and alternatives
Evidence Boundary
Only NTRS metadata and abstract are open here; full-text methods and results were unavailable for this pass. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20040087748

Exercise load index and changes in body weight during long-duration confinement in an isolated environment

Record fingerprint
81aba3285c11d49aefc7489e802de4be993004dc74335df88872c08a58067700

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20040087748
Title
Exercise load index and changes in body weight during long-duration confinement in an isolated environment
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040087748 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
human-factors
Year
2003
Published At
2003-04-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Kraft, Norbert O.
Lyons, Terence J.
Binder, Heidi
Inoue, Natsuhiko
Ohshima, Hiroshi
Sekiguchi, Chiharu
Publisher
Legacy CDMS
Resource Type
Reprint (Version printed in journal)
Access
open metadata
Abstract
PURPOSE: The objectives of this project were to investigate exercise load and body weight related to long-duration confinement in a closed environment simulating ISS flight conditions, and to evaluate subjects' motivation to continue the experiment and their adaptation to isolation. METHODS: Four Russian male subjects participated in a 240-d experiment (Group I), and four subjects (three male subjects and one female subject) from Austria, Canada, Japan, and Russia participated in a 110-d experiment (Group II). Exercise load was estimated during confinement using a modified Rating of Perceived Exertion scale. Free reports were used to determine subjects' motivation. Body weight was measured before, during, and after confinement. RESULTS: Group I achieved their lowest exercise loads during their first month of isolation; problems with adaptation to the isolation environment were also reported during this first month. Group II exercise load was significantly lower in the second month due to crewmember problems; loss of motivation could be noted from their free reports. The subject with the lowest exercise load retired from the isolation experiment earlier than scheduled. Exercise load was not correlated with prior exercise habits. Significant differences in body weight was observed between group I and II and between Russian and non-Russian subjects. One subject in Group I experienced a significant increase in his body weight. CONCLUSION: Exercise load may be a good indicator for adaptation problems and motivation changes in closed environments. Immobility, lack of space, and smoking cessation in general did not induce significant body weight changes.
Keywords
Exercise/physiology
Space Simulation
Space Flight
Body Weight
Male
Adaptation, Physiological
Time Factors
Smoking Cessation
Human
Immobilization
Adult
Middle Aged
Motivation
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated because this 2003 reprint (version printed in journal) from Legacy CDMS specifically covers “Exercise load index and changes in body weight during long-duration confinement in an isolated environment”; its abstract describes PURPOSE: The objectives of this project were to investigate exercise load and body weight related to long-duration confinement in a closed environment simulating ISS flight… This materially informs GShips human factors and habitability.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
human factors and habitability
Evidence Boundary
Only NTRS metadata and abstract are open here; full-text methods and results were unavailable for this pass. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20050000880

Reproduction in the space environment: Part I. Animal reproductive studies

Record fingerprint
7920b65588617e13c9f799b1e388f0ae83186a0fecc5ef2c88ca5a0efeede3c1

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20050000880
Title
Reproduction in the space environment: Part I. Animal reproductive studies
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050000880 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
reproduction-genetics
Year
1990
Published At
1990-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Santy, P. A.
Jennings, R. T.
Craigie, D.
Publisher
Johnson Space Center
Resource Type
Reprint (Version printed in journal)
Access
open metadata
Abstract
Mankind's exploration and colonization of the frontier of space will ultimately depend on men's and women's ability to live, work, and reproduce in the space environment. This paper reviews animal studies, from microorganisms to mammals, done in space or under space-simulated conditions, which identify some of the key areas which might interfere with human reproductive physiology and/or embryonic development. Those space environmental factors which impacted almost all species included: microgravity, artificial gravity, radiation, and closed life support systems. These factors may act independently and in combination to produce their effects. To date, there have been no studies which have looked at the entire process of reproduction in any animal species. This type of investigation will be critical in understanding and preventing the problems which will affect human reproduction. Part II will discuss these problems directly as they relate to human physiology.
Keywords
Review, Tutorial
NASA Center JSC
NASA Discipline General Space Life Sciences
Review
Reproduction
Extraterrestrial Environment
Coturnix
Female
Insects/physiology
Human
Male
Space Flight
Animals
Anura/physiology
Killifishes/physiology
Mice
Rats
Protozoa/physiology
Chick Embryo
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated for a review of animal reproductive studies in spaceflight and altered gravity, exposing how little evidence spans complete mammalian lifecycles.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
animal reproduction in space
Evidence Boundary
The review is dated and this curation did not independently assess all cited experiments or human translation. It is high-consequence evidence-gap context, not reproductive or medical guidance.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20060010528

Human Factors in Space Flight

Record fingerprint
f0113b49db230a5f4c2e5b97219fad6017f28ea3b9a1540070d85b0d9b0ed567

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20060010528
Title
Human Factors in Space Flight
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20060010528 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
human-factors
Year
2005
Published At
2005-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Woolford, Barbara J.
Mount, Frances
Publisher
Johnson Space Center
Resource Type
Preprint (Draft being sent to journal)
Access
open full text
Abstract
After forty years of experience with human space flight (Table 1), the current emphasis is on the design of space vehicles, habitats, and missions to ensure mission success. What lessons have we learned that will affect the design of spacecraft for future space exploration, leading up to exploring Mars? This chapter addresses this issue in four sections: Anthropometry and Biomechanics; Environmental Factors; Habitability and Architecture; and Crew Personal Sustenance. This introductory section introduces factors unique to space flight. A unique consideration for design of a habitable volume in a space vehicle is the lack of gravity during a space flight, referred to as microgravity. This affects all aspects of life, and drives special features in the habitat, equipment, tools, and procedures. The difference in gravity during a space mission requires designing for posture and motion differences. In Earth s gravity, or even with partial gravity, orientation is not a variable because the direction in which gravity acts defines up and down. In a microgravity environment the working position is arbitrary; there is no gravity cue. Orientation is defined primarily through visual cues. The orientation within a particular crew station or work area is referred to as local vertical, and should be consistent within a module to increase crew productivity. Equipment was intentionally arranged in various orientations in one module on Skylab to assess the efficiency in use of space versus the effects of inconsistent layout. The effects of that arrangement were confusion on entering the module, time spent in re-orientation, and conflicts in crew space requirements when multiple crew members were in the module. Design of a space vehicle is constrained by the three major mission drivers: mass, volume and power. Each of these factors drives the cost of a mission. Mass and volume determine the size of the launch vehicle directly; they can limit consumables such as air, water, and propellant; and they impact crew size and the types of activities the crew performs. Power is a limiting factor for a space vehicle. All environmental features (e.g., atmosphere, temperature, lighting) require power to maintain them. Power can be generated from batteries, from fuel cells, or from solar panels. Each of these sources requires lifting mass and volume from Earth, driving mission cost. All engineering decisions directly impact the design for habitation design and usage. For instance, if fuel cells are used they produce water, which is used for drinking and food preparation. If a different power source is used water has to be carried and stored on the vehicle which then directly impacts the food system choice as well as the launch weight of the vehicle.
Keywords
None recorded
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated because this 2005 preprint (draft being sent to journal) from Johnson Space Center specifically covers “Human Factors in Space Flight”; its abstract describes After forty years of experience with human space flight (Table 1), the current emphasis is on the design of space vehicles, habitats, and missions to ensure mission… This materially informs GShips human factors and habitability.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
human factors and habitability
Evidence Boundary
NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20070001123

Stennis Space Center Verification & Validation Capabilities

Record fingerprint
c41e3d13ff8ca98cfe26c0381b4d07d95c395a40e3d5b93ee5c118de74885cf8

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20070001123
Title
Stennis Space Center Verification & Validation Capabilities
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20070001123 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
analogs-verification
Year
2005
Published At
2005-01-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Pagnutti, Mary
Ryan, Robert E.
Holekamp, Kara
ONeal, Duane
Knowlton, Kelly
Ross, Kenton
Blonski, Slawomir
Publisher
Stennis Space Center
Resource Type
Conference Paper
Access
open full text
Abstract
Scientists within NASA s Applied Sciences Directorate have developed a well-characterized remote sensing Verification & Validation (V&V) site at the John C. Stennis Space Center (SSC). This site enables the in-flight characterization of satellite and airborne high spatial and moderate resolution remote sensing systems and their products. The smaller scale of the newer high resolution remote sensing systems allows scientists to characterize geometric, spatial, and radiometric data properties using a single V&V site. The targets and techniques used to characterize data from these newer systems can differ significantly from the techniques used to characterize data from the earlier, coarser spatial resolution systems. Scientists are also using the SSC V&V site to characterize thermal infrared systems and active lidar systems. SSC employs geodetic targets, edge targets, radiometric tarps, atmospheric monitoring equipment, and thermal calibration ponds to characterize remote sensing data products. The SSC Instrument Validation Lab is a key component of the V&V capability and is used to calibrate field instrumentation and to provide National Institute of Standards and Technology traceability. This poster presents a description of the SSC characterization capabilities and examples of calibration data.
Keywords
None recorded
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated because it inventories Stennis verification and validation capabilities; use is limited to the concrete facilities and methods described, not a universal assurance result.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
verification-and-validation
Evidence Boundary
NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20110015273

Human Research Program Integrated Research Plan

Record fingerprint
1956290d2468b296a32b6d76194015adb40cd13434bba715cfdbce8441e44b99

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20110015273
Title
Human Research Program Integrated Research Plan
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110015273 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
health-medicine
Year
2011
Published At
2011-06-01T00:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Steinberg, Susan
Publisher
Johnson Space Center
Resource Type
Other
Access
open full text
Abstract
Crew health and performance are critical to successful human exploration beyond low Earth orbit. The Human Research Program (HRP) is essential to enabling extended periods of space exploration because it provides knowledge and tools to mitigate risks to human health and performance. Risks include physiological effects from radiation and hypogravity environments, as well as unique challenges in medical support, human factors, and behavioral or psychological factors. The Human Research Program (HRP) delivers human health and performance countermeasures, knowledge, technologies and tools to enable safe, reliable, and productive human space exploration. Without HRP results, NASA will face unknown and unacceptable risks for mission success and post-mission crew health. This Integrated Research Plan (IRP) describes (1) HRP's approach and research activities that are intended to address the needs of human space exploration and serve HRP customers and (2) the method of integration for risk mitigation. The scope of the IRP is limited to the activities that can be conducted with the resources available to the HRP; it does not contain activities that would be performed if additional resources were available. The timescale of human space exploration is envisioned to take many decades. The IRP illustrates the program s research plan through the timescale of early lunar missions of extended duration.
Keywords
None recorded
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated because this 2011 other from Johnson Space Center specifically covers “Human Research Program Integrated Research Plan”; its abstract describes Crew health and performance are critical to successful human exploration beyond low Earth orbit. The Human Research Program (HRP) is essential to enabling extended periods… This materially informs GShips health and autonomous medicine.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
health and autonomous medicine
Evidence Boundary
NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20160001412

The Nexus for Exoplanet System Science

Record fingerprint
2050ffc40409fc605dba6dbd2bd92ef978ed5f844fa5c7f714e55ca06af510e3

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20160001412
Title
The Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20160001412 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
destinations-astrobiology
Year
2016
Published At
2016-01-04T00:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Batalha, Natalie Marie
Gelino, Dawn
Del Genio, Tony
Publisher
Goddard Space Flight Center
Resource Type
Presentation
Access
open full text
Abstract
NExSS is a research coordination network dedicated to the study of planetary habitability. A NASA cross-division initiative bringing astrophysicists, planetary scientists, Earth scientists, and heliophysicists together to bring a systems science approach to this problem. NExSS's goals being to investigate the diversity of planets, understanding how planet history, geology, and climate interact to create the conditions for life. Also, to put planets into an architectural context as stellar systems built over time by dynamical processes and sculpted by stars. Use experience from solar system (including Earth) history to identify where habitable niches are most likely to occur and which planets are most likely to be habitable. Leverage NASA investments in research and missions to accelerate discovery and characterization of potential life-bearing worlds.
Keywords
coordination
planets
habitability
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated because “The Nexus for Exoplanet System Science” covers coordination, planets, habitability; it materially informs GShips work on astrobiology research coordination.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
astrobiology-research-coordination
Evidence Boundary
NTRS provides open full text, but this presentation was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20180002177

An Integrated Science Glovebox for the Gateway Habitat

Record fingerprint
ced63061dd16cec3a499f6d6f9e734e4974b01acc76013663c05c968cbad73aa

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20180002177
Title
An Integrated Science Glovebox for the Gateway Habitat
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20180002177 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
analogs-verification
Year
2018
Published At
2018-02-27T00:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Calaway, M. J.
Evans, C. A.
Garrison, D. H.
Bell, M. S.
Publisher
Johnson Space Center
Resource Type
Conference Paper
Access
open full text
Abstract
Next generation habitats for deep space exploration of cislunar space, the Moon, and ultimately Mars will benefit from on-board glovebox capability. Such a glovebox facility will maintain sample integrity for a variety of scientific endeavors whether for life science, materials science, or astromaterials. Glovebox lessons learned from decades of astromaterials curation, ISS on-board sample handling, and robust analog missions provide key design and operational factors for inclusion in on-going habitat development.
Keywords
None recorded
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated because it presents a contained science-workspace concept for Gateway, relevant to laboratory integration, contamination control, crew interfaces, and habitat resource allocation.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
habitat-laboratories
Evidence Boundary
NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20190001085

NASA IV&V's Cyber Range for Space Systems

Record fingerprint
04f501ad8277dde906888c112a91376a69085e254f76756f9b9ab7e6991e39f7

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20190001085
Title
NASA IV&V's Cyber Range for Space Systems
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190001085 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
cybersecurity
Year
2019
Published At
2019-02-25T00:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Bailey, Brandon
Publisher
Goddard Space Flight Center
Resource Type
Presentation
Access
open full text
Abstract
A cyber range is a virtual environment that is used for cyberwarfare training and cyber technology development. It provides tools that help strengthen the stability, security and performance of cyber infrastructures and IT systems. NASA IV&V has created an adaptable virtual environment that is representative of a typical NASA mission system of systems environment that serves multiple purposes: Training of network defenders. Ability to perform simulated red vs blue training events. Ability to deploy mission specific technologies in a cyber contested environment. Ability to demonstrate vulnerabilities and their impact to ground and space systemsThe overall system is comprised of more than 70 virtual machines and physical infrastructure to demonstrate real-world cyber attacks against: email users, wireless networks, and physically implanted devices with command and control call-back. The cyber range was built to emulate a NASA precipitation satellite infrastructure.This presentation will give an overview of the virtual cyber range and how it was used to conduct a simulate red vs blue exercise with the goal of compromising the simulated spacecraft that utilizes real NASA flight software.
Keywords
test and evaluation DT&E
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated because “NASA IV&V's Cyber Range for Space Systems” covers test and evaluation DT&E; it materially informs GShips work on space cyber testbeds.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
space-cyber-testbeds
Evidence Boundary
NTRS provides open full text, but this presentation was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20210004732

Conductive White Thermal Control Paint for Spacecraft - Part 2

Record fingerprint
0dd52d696d05e3994bd1aeccdc85f871649145dd2dbcae7f7b14385f8da2faab

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20210004732
Title
Conductive White Thermal Control Paint for Spacecraft - Part 2
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210004732 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
power-thermal
Year
1994
Published At
1994-04-11T00:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Marinacci, L.
"O'Donnell, T.", 'Cordaro, J.
McHugh, L.
Forsberg, G.
Metzler, E.
Hsieh, C.
Publisher
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Resource Type
Other
Access
open metadata
Abstract
Thermal control paints were evaluated for use as electrically conductive white thermal control coatings on the saturn-bound cassini spacecraft.
Keywords
silicate
binder
electrically
conductive
white
thermal
control
paints
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated for electrically conductive white thermal-control coating evaluation on Cassini, a useful component-level example of coupled thermal, charging, and materials qualification.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
thermal-control materials
Evidence Boundary
Only NTRS metadata and a short abstract are open here; formulations, test conditions, aging, and flight results were not examined. It is component context, not automatic evidence for another environment.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20210012921

Lunar In-situ Resource Utilization Concept to Reality

Record fingerprint
8b659da97d60633cf937d371fa27365fbc67701dd8ac3bcd53d3f571ca9742bb

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20210012921
Title
Lunar In-situ Resource Utilization Concept to Reality
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210012921 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
manufacturing-isru
Year
2021
Published At
2021-04-19T04:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Julie Kleinhenz
Gerald Sanders
Publisher
Glenn Research Center
Resource Type
Presentation
Access
open full text
Abstract
ISRU is a capability involving multiple elements to achieve final products (mobility, product storage and delivery, power, crew and/or robotic maintenance, etc.) ‘ISRU’ does not exist on its own. By definition, it must connect and tie to users/customers of ISRU products and services Living Off the Land: ISRU involves any hardware or operation that harnesses and utilizes ‘in-situ’ (local) resources to create products and services for robotic and human exploration. Resource Examples •Water •Oxygen •Hydrogen •Carbon •Metals •Silicon •Nitrogen •Regolith/Rock •Discarded materials Product Examples •Propellant •Life Support Consumables •Feed stock for •Additive manufacturing •Construction •Agriculture substrate and/or fertilizer
Keywords
lunar
in-situ resource utilization
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated because this 2021 presentation from Glenn Research Center specifically covers “Lunar In-situ Resource Utilization Concept to Reality”; its abstract describes ISRU is a capability involving multiple elements to achieve final products (mobility, product storage and delivery, power, crew and/or robotic maintenance, etc.) ‘ISRU’… This materially informs GShips manufacturing and ISRU.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
manufacturing and ISRU
Evidence Boundary
NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20210021780

Down-Selection of Four Common Habitat Variants

Record fingerprint
287b85cb26cbf691bd43c3087b3888537c16b21e223366551732c106f61be985

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20210021780
Title
Down-Selection of Four Common Habitat Variants
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210021780 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
structures-shielding
Year
2021
Published At
2021-10-15T05:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Robert L Howard
Publisher
Johnson Space Center
Resource Type
Conference Paper
Access
open full text
Abstract
The Common Habitat is a large habitat that uses the Space Launch System core stage liquid oxygen tank as its primary structure. It has a gravity-independent internal architecture, such that identical units can be used on the lunar surface, Mars surface, and in microgravity. In developing the habitat, two key architectural questions emerged. Should the internal layout use a vertical or horizontal orientation of the tank? Should the crew size be four or eight? This led to the design of four variants: a four-crew horizontal, four-crew vertical, eight-crew horizontal, and eight-crew vertical. The primary consideration applied for down-selection was the crew experience living and working in the habitat, inclusive of crew productivity, well-being, and survivability. Based on this consideration, a series of seven assessments was performed to compare the four variants. A stowage assessment developed a standard logistics module and then considered the amounts of water to be stored in each variant. It then estimated how much stowage could be carried onboard each Common Habitat and how many logistics modules are required by each variant for a given mission duration. A functional analysis identified and compared the living and working functions across the four habitat, ranking them relative to each other. A crew time assessment first estimated the total crew time, building a weekly crew timeline for both four and eight-person crews. It then allocated time to activities linked to living and working functions, comparing how much time was available for each function in each variant. A science productivity assessment developed a relative metric using crew time, science stowage, and assumed rates of experiment consumables use to analytically compare the four variants. It also comparatively ranked the habitats with respect to a number of subjective parameters and a workstation acceptability rating. A maintenance capacity assessment identified and compared eleven generic maintenance capabilities across the four variants and also ranked the variants for their predicted ability to complete twelve fabrication, maintenance, and repair scenarios. A contingency responsiveness analysis examined twelve serious in-flight contingencies. For each scenario, the number of crew needed to respond was predicted and acceptability of various aspects of contingency response was evaluated, comparing the four variants against each other. Finally, in a habitability assessment, 120 habitability characteristics reflecting 13 major categories were evaluated for each habitat. These results were compared to identify the most acceptable habitat in each category. Ultimately, the data was shown to favor the horizontal orientation over the vertical and an eight-person crew over four. Implications of selecting this variant are discussed, including specific architectural challenges that result from the use of the full SLS liquid oxygen tank.
Keywords
Habitability
Human Factors
Common Habitat
Usability
Survivability
Down-Selection
Lunar Outpost
Mars Outpost
Transit Habitat
Deep Space Habitat
Concept Trade Study
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated for a traceable Common Habitat concept down-selection process spanning mission roles, requirements, discriminators, and architecture trades.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
common habitat selection
Evidence Boundary
NTRS lists accessible full text, but this curation did not reproduce scoring, challenge assumptions, or validate selection against generation-ship requirements. It is decision-method context, not proof of an optimal design.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20220007646

OSAM-2: Plans and Progress for the First Demonstration of Structural Manufacturing in Space

Record fingerprint
5a479436250c05c1ebaa6e57aa28e5c552d368a3fad1c82f11345d0ea3ee8bee

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20220007646
Title
OSAM-2: Plans and Progress for the First Demonstration of Structural Manufacturing in Space
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220007646 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
manufacturing-isru
Year
2022
Published At
2022-06-30T05:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Lawrence D. Huebner
Paul Shestople
Simon Patané
Daniel Hillsberry
Publisher
Marshall Space Flight Center
Resource Type
Presentation
Access
open full text
Abstract
OSAM-2 began as a NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate Tipping Point project in 2016 in which an investment made in ground development and demonstration and/or flight demonstration will result in: Significant advancement of technology’s maturation High likelihood for utilization of technology in commercially fielded space application Significant improvement in ability to successfully bring space technology to market Topic area was “Robotic In-Space Manufacturing and Assembly of Spacecraft and Space Structures” Made In Space, Inc. (now Redwire) proposed Archinaut One, an in-space robotic precision manufacturing and assembly system for larger-than-deployable structures Manufacturing / assembly in the operational environment allows manufactured parts to be designed for that environment (and not for launch loads and need to deploy) In 2020 NASA budget language, NASA began using On-orbit Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing Mission 2 (OSAM-2) for Archinaut One Restore-L + SPIDER (SPace Infrastructure DExterous Robot) became OSAM-1 Note: Slide 7 contains video animation, best viewed in presentation mode, run time 2 mins 25 secs.
Keywords
In-Space Manufacturing
Flight Demonstration
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated because this 2022 presentation from Marshall Space Flight Center specifically covers “OSAM-2: Plans and Progress for the First Demonstration of Structural Manufacturing in Space”; its abstract describes OSAM-2 began as a NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate Tipping Point project in 2016 in which an investment made in ground development and demonstration and/or flight… This materially informs GShips manufacturing and ISRU.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
manufacturing and ISRU
Evidence Boundary
NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20220012971

Enabling Innovative Research on the International Space Station to Solve the Challenges of A Human Mission to Mars: Results of the ISS4Mars International Workshops 2020–2021

Record fingerprint
8689e61fcd2a1906080b26854fa47a9c60d1e7a3e0f3fb98621f289f8007f857

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20220012971
Title
Enabling Innovative Research on the International Space Station to Solve the Challenges of A Human Mission to Mars: Results of the ISS4Mars International Workshops 2020–2021
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220012971 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
analogs-verification
Year
2022
Published At
2022-08-10T04:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Michael Waid
Livio Narici
Michaela Girgenrath
Katrin Stang
Isabelle Marcil
Perry Johnson-Green
Thu Jennifer Ngo-Anh
Oleg Kotov
Publisher
Elsevier
Resource Type
Accepted Manuscript (Version with final changes)
Access
open full text
Abstract
During the ISS4Mars workshops in 2020–2021, personnel from the International Space Station (ISS) partner agencies convened to reflect on scenarios for how the ISS could be used and its operations possibly modified to simulate aspects of a human mission to Mars. Scientific leaders, operations experts, crewmembers, managers, and flight surgeons discussed the five hazards of human spaceflight—gravity transitions, radiation, isolation and confinement, distance from Earth, and hostile closed environments—and considered how an ISS-based analog of Mars transit could benefit assessments and mitigations of these hazards. A focused writing team then discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each approach identified by the workshop participants before developing a set of eight use cases to consider the feasibility of implementing on the ISS. The writing team also identified the prerequisites needed, including ground analog studies simulating a mission to Mars required to verify measurements and procedures, before testing could begin on the ISS. Five of the use cases were considered feasible to assess in simulations using an ISS-based analog of Mars transit if some ground rules and assumptions were met. These five use cases were Earth-independent medical operations, Earth-independent integrated operations, life support and food for a one year duration, lower-body negative pressure as a countermeasure against the effects of exposure to microgravity, and fitness levels after landing. In addition, three more extensive interventions—extended Mars surface operations, a small-volume transit analog, and artificial gravity—were deemed unfeasible for testing on the ISS. Experience gained from the five use cases executed on the ISS may help answer some of the questions in the deferred scenarios, or it may be possible to complete them on another platform (e.g. commercial space station, lunar habitat). Simulating conditions during a Mars mission on the ISS will afford higher fidelity for assessing multiple integrated hazards of human spaceflight, however, ground analogs of Mars missions can be used to ensure effective measures and experimental design before testing begins on the ISS. The strategic concepts refined as part of these workshops were brought to a multilateral forum, Mulitlateral Human Research Planel for Exploration (MHRPE), where ISS partner agencies are now discussing implementation plans to provide new opportunities to use the ISS to prepare for deep space exploration over the coming decade. In this publication we present a summary of the international strategic plans for future research that will enable operations, software, and countermeasures to be developed that will reduce the risk to humans during future crewed missions to Mars.
Keywords
Human space exploration
Mars risk mitigation
Deep space mission analog
Integrated mission testing
Low Earth orbit
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated because “Enabling Innovative Research on the International Space Station to Solve the Challenges of A Human Mission to Mars: Results of the ISS4Mars International Workshops 2020–2021” covers Human space exploration, Mars risk mitigation, Deep space mission analog, Integrated mission testing; it materially informs GShips work on iss to mars precursors.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
iss-to-mars-precursors
Evidence Boundary
NTRS provides open full text, but this accepted manuscript (version with final changes) was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20220016675

Thermophotovoltaics for In-Space Nuclear Power

Record fingerprint
9bd2fa994e75a9d3bc9b90fd646b58e250177f9f5da3cf4254a57c65b13a8d4a

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20220016675
Title
Thermophotovoltaics for In-Space Nuclear Power
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220016675 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
power-thermal
Year
2022
Published At
2022-11-28T06:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
T E Brooks
L L Fabisinski
M A Rodriguez
Publisher
Marshall Space Flight Center
Resource Type
Conference Paper
Access
open full text
Abstract
In-space nuclear power systems are under consideration for missions that need lots of power. Recent work in Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells indicates that they may be a mass efficient option for converting a nuclear reactor’s thermal energy into electrical energy. This paper briefly trades TPV versus a Brayton Cycle in the context of a conceptual Earth-to-Mars transportation system. The selection of the heat engine primarily impacts the design of the nuclear reactor, power handling electronics, fluid loops, heat exchangers, and thermal radiator, so the impact to these subsystems is also considered. The mass and electrical power generation are the primary figures of merit compared between the two alternatives, and qualitative differences are discussed.
Keywords
Nuclear
Power
Thermophotovoltaic
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated for its thermophotovoltaic-versus-Brayton comparison and the resulting reactor, electronics, fluid-loop, heat-exchanger, and radiator integration trades.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
nuclear power and thermal conversion
Evidence Boundary
NTRS lists open full text, but the conceptual Earth-to-Mars trade was not independently recalculated and does not establish reactor or converter readiness. It is civil systems context, not claim evidence.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20230009066

Exploring the Complexities of Drug Formulation Selection, Storage, and Shelf-Life for Exploration Spaceflight

Record fingerprint
82ae6aa048661e12e1c838f2d52c2309c62c79fc0e6b91e04a3edf36b461aaf2

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20230009066
Title
Exploring the Complexities of Drug Formulation Selection, Storage, and Shelf-Life for Exploration Spaceflight
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230009066 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
governance-law
Year
2023
Published At
2023-11-08T05:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Vernie R Daniels
Edward S Williams
Publisher
British Pharmacological Society
Resource Type
Accepted Manuscript (Version with final changes)
Access
open full text
Abstract
Medications have been a part of space travel dating back as far as the Apollo missions. Currently, medical kits aboard the ISS contain medications and supplies to help crew members cope with a variety of possible medical events. NASA reported that 1,867 medical events occurred from 1981 to 1998 on space shuttle flights, STS-1 to STS-89; 498 out of the 508 crewmembers on those flights reported experiencing a medical event other than space motion sickness. In 2000, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened a committee of experts, Committee on Creating a Vision for Space Medicine during Travel beyond Earth Orbit, to examine the issues surrounding astronaut health and safety for long duration space missions. The primary theme of the committee’s final report is that there is not enough known about the risks to human health during long-duration missions beyond Earth’s orbit and ways to effectively mitigate those risks in an environment of deep space. In 2014, the IOM convened the Committee on Ethics Principles and Guidelines for Health Standards for Long Duration and Exploration Spaceflights and released a report emphasizing the importance of prevention, mitigation, and treatment of major risks to human health during exploration spaceflight. NASA’s Human Research Program has organized five distinct categories of spaceflight hazards summarized by the acronym “RIDGE” (Space Radiation, Isolation and Confinement, Distance from Earth, Gravity fields, and Hostile/Closed Environments) that astronauts may encounter during exploration spaceflight. From those hazards, NASA further derived 30 of the most critical human health and performance risks, including limits to medical care resulting from pharmaceutical degradation. As we prepare for more distant exploration missions to Mars and beyond, risk management planning for astronaut healthcare should include the assembly of a medication formulary that is comprehensive enough to prevent or treat anticipated medical events, remains safe and chemically stable, and retains sufficient potency to last for the duration of the mission. The present editorial will summarize the current state of knowledge regarding innovative formulary optimization strategies, pharmaceutical stability assessment techniques, and storage and packaging solutions that could enhance drug safety and efficacy for future exploration spaceflight missions.
Keywords
drug degradation risk assessment
drug repurposing
drug storage and packaging
innovative drug delivery systems
spaceflight drug formulary optimization
spaceflight pharmaceutical stability
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated because this 2023 accepted manuscript (version with final changes) from British Pharmacological Society specifically covers “Exploring the Complexities of Drug Formulation Selection, Storage, and Shelf-Life for Exploration Spaceflight”; its abstract describes Medications have been a part of space travel dating back as far as the Apollo missions. Currently, medical kits aboard the ISS contain medications and supplies to help crew… This materially informs GShips governance and law.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
governance and law
Evidence Boundary
NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20230012405

Biological Space Radiation Countermeasures to Enable Long Duration Exploration Missions

Record fingerprint
12b0e53be5d392dc96d32a79957861006a178285b8bdee10e160bb11a144a7a1

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20230012405
Title
Biological Space Radiation Countermeasures to Enable Long Duration Exploration Missions
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230012405 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
radiation-environment
Year
2023
Published At
2023-08-28T05:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Brock J Sishc
Janice A Zawaski
Janapriya Saha
Gregory G Nelson
S Robin Elgart
Publisher
Johnson Space Center
Resource Type
Poster
Access
open full text
Abstract
NASA’s career radiation limit for astronauts is 600 mSv. Currently planned missions beyond low Earth orbit (LEO) will expose crew to at least double that amount of radiation (for Mars missions). Therefore, to enable long duration exploration, countermeasures need to be deployed to reduce the long-term health outcomes of space radiation exposure. Limitations to the ability of spacecraft to shield against the high energy charged particles of the space radiation environment necessitate alternative methods to reduce overall space radiation risk for carcinogenesis. Recent successes in the arenas of Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) and clinical radiotherapy have demonstrated the efficacy of compound-based/biologicals in reducing the detrimental long term health outcomes associated with space radiation exposure. In recent years, the Space Radiation Element has funded the investigation of several such compounds including Avasopasem Manganese, CDDO-Me, Metformin, and γ-tocotrienol. The demonstrated efficacy of these compounds in reducing carcinogenesis, central nervous system, and cardiovascular disease risks demonstrate the need for, and potential benefit of, a robust countermeasure identification and development program with an initial starting suite of compounds available to validate others. The authors would also like to present highlights of a recent Space Radiation Element sponsored issue of Life Sciences in Space Research entitled “Breaking the Limit” on this specific topic.
Keywords
Space Radiation
Countermeasures Radiation Biology
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated for a compact survey of proposed biological countermeasures to space radiation and the research gaps connecting mechanistic findings to operational protection.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
biological radiation countermeasures
Evidence Boundary
This is poster-level metadata and summary, not a systematic clinical review; efficacy, dosing, interactions, and long-duration safety were not validated. It is high-consequence research context, not medical advice or treatment evidence.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20230012799

Artemis, Ethics and Society: Synthesis from a Workshop

Record fingerprint
26e69ee93a4a928ede3d701a0aa79dacc0aebb1e4fa0afa3a1ffee1e8c797263

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20230012799
Title
Artemis, Ethics and Society: Synthesis from a Workshop
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230012799 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
governance-law
Year
2023
Published At
2023-09-21T04:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Zachary Pirtle
Katherine McBrayer
Alyse Beauchemin
Publisher
Headquarters
Resource Type
Special Publication (SP)
Access
open full text
Abstract
NASA’s planning and implementation of the Artemis missions and Moon to Mars efforts may set precedents in exploration for decades to come. In April 2023, NASA convened a workshop on how to assess the ethical and societal implications of Artemis. This workshop was NASA’s first structured foray into studying the ethical and societal implications of exploration since the Apollo program in the 1960s. This report documents the discussion and ideas feedback and suggestions from the 55 participants invited to the Artemis and Ethics workshop and focuses on the following key study questions: 1) How should NASA consider the ethical, legal, and societal implications (ELSI) of the Artemis and Moon to Mars efforts?; and 2) What are the key ethical and societal implications that need consideration? This initial exploratory study does not make formal recommendations but instead maps out options available for NASA and other actors to consider as humanity goes to the Moon, Mars and beyond.
Keywords
Artemis
Ethics
Social Science
Moon to Mars
Space Policy
Ethical Legal and Societal Implications
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated because this 2023 special publication (sp) from Headquarters specifically covers “Artemis, Ethics and Society: Synthesis from a Workshop”; its abstract describes NASA’s planning and implementation of the Artemis missions and Moon to Mars efforts may set precedents in exploration for decades to come. In April 2023, NASA convened a… This materially informs GShips governance and law.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
governance and law
Evidence Boundary
NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20230014482

NASA's Space Health Impacts for the NASA Experience (SHINE) Training Program – Space Radiation Curriculum

Record fingerprint
781e054e1720be43eb036b15ac418dc9f56215a09a0299b3f1729a9010e5b2c7

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20230014482
Title
NASA's Space Health Impacts for the NASA Experience (SHINE) Training Program – Space Radiation Curriculum
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230014482 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
radiation-environment
Year
2024
Published At
2024-02-13T08:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Sigrid S. Reinsch
S. Robin Elgart
Gregory A. Nelson
Brock Sishc
Janapriya Saha
Peter Guida
Sergio Santa Maria
Jason Weeks
Publisher
Ames Research Center
Resource Type
Conference Paper
Access
open full text
Abstract
In February 2023, the Space Radiation Element of the NASA Human Research Program initiated a virtual, annual space radiation curriculum. The Space Health Impacts for the NASA Experience (SHINE) Space Radiation Didactic Curriculum aims to educate participants not only in the scientific aspects of space radiation but also in the agency’s risk management strategies. SHINE Space Radiation Didactic Curriculum combined weekly seminars by speakers from NASA, other government agencies, academia, and industry, with networking sessions designed to foster collaboration between the competitively selected participants as well as interactions with NASA scientists and HRP funded investigators. The inaugural course ran weekly from February 2023 to August 2023 and was comprised of lectures, less formal coffee hours, and office hours. Each two-hour seminar sessions hosted 1-3 presentations on topics which ranged from the space radiation environment to health effects and countermeasure to granting opportunities. All lectures were recorded and will be published on the THREE (The Health Risks of Extraterrestrial Environments) website for public access (https://three.jsc.nasa.gov/). As a course requirement, participants developed individual or collaborative beam time proposals for real, proposed, or potential experiments at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. For the 2023 course, 25 participants were selected from a total of 59 applicants. Selected participants were citizens from 8 countries and comprised 5 graduate students, 4 postdocs, 11 scientists and 5 professors/medical doctors. Participants had a wide range of expertise including molecular and cellular biology, microbiology, botany, physiology, engineering, physics, aerospace medicine, planetary science, biostatistics, and modeling. The second annual SHINE training program is scheduled from February to August 2024. In addition, a separate SHINE Space Radiation Practicum session will be held in Fall 2024 at the NSRL. The SHINE Space Radiation Practicum is a unique opportunity that has not been available to the public since the closure of the NASA Space Radiation Summer School in 2017 and will allow a small cohort of participants competitively selected in Fall 2023 to gain hands-on radiation experience.
Keywords
SHINE
Space Radiation
HRP
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated for the SHINE training curriculum as a model for developing interdisciplinary space-health researchers across radiation physics, biology, operations, and communication.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
radiation leadership education
Evidence Boundary
NTRS metadata and abstract describe the curriculum but do not establish educational effectiveness, cohort outcomes, or transferability. It is leadership-program context, not evidence of competency gains.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20240014036

Detectability Simulations of a Near-infrared Surface Biosignature on Proxima Centauri b with Future Space Observatories

Record fingerprint
03c668fd0f7ec0c4f0fda8319b03d0a505b06a2bf908031dc02fc90c86448089

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20240014036
Title
Detectability Simulations of a Near-infrared Surface Biosignature on Proxima Centauri b with Future Space Observatories
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240014036 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
destinations-astrobiology
Year
2024
Published At
2024-10-17T04:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Connor O Metz
Nancy Y Kiang
Geronimo L Villanueva
M N Parenteau
Vincent Kofman
Publisher
IOP Publishing
Resource Type
Reprint (Version printed in journal)
Access
open full text
Abstract
Telescope missions are currently being designed that will make direct imaging of habitable exoplanets possible in the near future, and studies are needed to quantify the detectability of biosignature features in the planet's reflectance spectrum. We simulated the detectability of a near-infrared-absorbing surface biosignature feature with simulated observations of the nearby exoplanet Proxima Centauri b. We modeled a biosignature spectral feature with a reflectance spectrum based on an anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterial species that has strong absorption at 1 μm, which could make it well suited for life on an M-dwarf-hosted planet. We modeled the distribution of this organism across the planet's surface based on climate states from a 3D general circulation model (GCM) that were Archean- and Proterozoic-like exo-Earth analogs. We included the GCM states' prognostically simulated water clouds and added organic haze into the Archean-like atmospheres. We simulated observations of these Proxima Centauri b scenarios with the LUVOIR-A and B telescope concepts, with LUVOIR-B serving as a proxy to the planned Habitable Worlds Observatory. We calculated the integration times necessary to detect the biosignature and found that it would be detectable on Proxima Centauri b if the organism is moderately abundant (greater than a 1%–4% global surface area coverage), as long as the atmosphere is transmitting in the wavelength range under consideration. Small amounts of methane, clouds, and haze do not greatly impede detectability. We found preliminary evidence that such a biosignature would be detectable on exoplanets within 15 pc, but further investigations are needed to corroborate this.
Keywords
Exoplanet astronomy
Astrobiology
Biosignatures
Planetary surfaces
Infrared spectroscopy
Spectroscopy
Coronagraphic imaging
Observational astronomy
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated because “Detectability Simulations of a Near-infrared Surface Biosignature on Proxima Centauri b with Future Space Observatories” covers Exoplanet astronomy, Astrobiology, Biosignatures, Planetary surfaces; it materially informs GShips work on biosignatures and target characterization.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
biosignatures-and-target-characterization
Evidence Boundary
NTRS provides open full text, but this reprint (version printed in journal) was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence.
atlas-resource · ntrs-20260000627

Lunar Innovation Park – Initial Surface Infrastructure to Kickstart a Space Resource Based Economy

Record fingerprint
30b3b01307beb299244cfac841c16e7a38689c97ffa4284f58ff310c16221204

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
ntrs-20260000627
Title
Lunar Innovation Park – Initial Surface Infrastructure to Kickstart a Space Resource Based Economy
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20260000627 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
assembly-logistics
Year
2026
Published At
2026-04-17T04:00:00.0000000+00:00
Authors
Mark W Hilburger
Nathan J Gelino
Robert P Mueller
Publisher
Kennedy Space Center
Resource Type
Conference Paper
Access
open full text
Abstract
Executive Order 14369 “Ensuring American Space Superiority” (White House 2025) was signed by the White House in December of 2025 and calls upon the United States of America (USA) to “pursue a space policy that will extend the reach of human discovery, secure the Nation’s vital economic and security interests, unleash commercial development, and lay the foundation for a new space age.” The Executive Order (EO) identifies several key priorities including: returning humans to the Moon by 2028; laying the foundations for lunar economic development; fostering economic growth in American space markets; and establishing initial elements of a permanent lunar outpost by 2030. Based upon previous national guidance and NASA’s Moon to Mars Objectives (NASA 2023), it is expected that a significant portion of a robust and sustainable lunar economy will be based on large-scale In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) for the production and sale of commodities and feedstock for construction and manufacturing. Such large-scale ISRU operations are only possible with supporting infrastructure and services to facilitate production and distribution of products. While organizations like NASA, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and the NASA Lunar Surface Innovation Consortium (LSIC) have worked to chart a course to a lunar resource-based economy, a clear path with practical implementation has yet to emerge. Other space-capable nations are beginning to rapidly establish themselves in cislunar space and compete for space resources and territory. These nations are pursuing space with the expectation that these activities will lead to significant economic benefit and have the potential to tip the balance of national power in their favor. The solar system’s resources are the key to humanity’s future and if in-situ resources and advanced technologies are used, then rapid bootstrapping can radically accelerate a solar system economy with vast potential (Metzger et al. 2013). The US space industry and venture capitalists are also investing significant time and resources to develop technologies, systems, and define architectures towards the creation of a lunar resource-based economy. Some commercial entities aim to produce and sell lunar ISRUbased commodities such as propellant, water, oxygen, Helium-3, and feedstock for manufacturing and construction. Other companies aim to provide services in support of a cislunar space ecosystem including power, communications, mobility and logistics. However, many potential investors with similar ambitions remain on the sidelines waiting for NASA to initiate a formal and lasting effort to capitalize on space resources with a realistically achievable near-term plan. Establishing Lunar surface infrastructure systems and operations are expected to have the biggest impact towards encouraging investments, enabling commercial operations and kickstarting a lunar economy. This paper introduces the Lunar Innovation Park (Park) - a concept for establishing the minimum viable infrastructure needed to kickstart Lunar surface operations and commercial development. The Park is permanent co-located infrastructure built up over a series of Commercial Lunar Payload Service (CLPS) scale missions and uses existing and emerging NASA and industry technologies to make the Park feasible in the near term. The first two missions could be completed perhaps in as soon as two years from initiation. The Park will reduce costs and risks for subsequent technology development missions and commercial operations by providing services such as: power, local and direct to Earth communications, Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT), robotic regolith manipulation, logistics, and perhaps most importantly, the ability to land spacecraft in extreme proximity within the Park. In addition, the Park will provide an opportunity for technology demonstration, maturation, and risk reduction that will enable future Artemis “Foundational Exploration” and “Sustained Lunar Evolution” segments and lower cost for long-duration science missions. Finally, the Park can play a significant role in addressing the USA Executive Order mandate to “lay the foundation for lunar economic development”, and “establish lunar infrastructure and standards that enable implementation of space priorities and a robust space industrial base”. The Park can be established in the time frame specified in the Executive Order. This basic infrastructure (Communications, PNT, Power, construction robots, precision landing beacons) reduces risk by providing ready services and enables commercial and international partner augmentation for added capability and experimentation.
Keywords
regolith works
bulk regolith infrastructure
vertical solar array
unpressurized shelter
Landing Pad
ISRU
moonbase
moon
lunar construction
lunar infrastructure
space resource economy
regolith
Lunar Innovation Park
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Curated because “Lunar Innovation Park – Initial Surface Infrastructure to Kickstart a Space Resource Based Economy” covers regolith works, bulk regolith infrastructure, vertical solar array, unpressurized shelter; it materially informs GShips work on space economy infrastructure.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Curation Topic
space-economy-infrastructure
Evidence Boundary
NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence.
atlas-resource · reviewed-source-src-c1517-nasa-maarss

Magnet Architectures and Active Radiation Shielding Study (MAARSS)

Record fingerprint
1bfcd3c2644fe62ab95d94ae898cd466cde02ec193c36d15e02ab89b10c85345

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
reviewed-source-src-c1517-nasa-maarss
Title
Magnet Architectures and Active Radiation Shielding Study (MAARSS)
URL
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190002579 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
reviewed-claim-source
Year
2019
Authors
Shayne C. Westover
Rainer Meinke
Shaun Nerolich
Scott Washburn
Roberto Battison
William Burger
Dallas Kasaboski
Francis Davies
Publisher
NASA Technical Reports Server
Resource Type
Nasa niac technical report (exact value: nasa-niac-technical-report)
Access
official or primary link
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Concept study of high-temperature-superconducting magnetic shielding architectures, including magnetic forces, quench energy, thermal control, field compensation, spacecraft interaction, and unresolved integration work.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Evidence Boundary
This stable source is used by at least one editorially assessed claim. Its claim-specific relation and locator—not Atlas inclusion—define the evidence use; independent domain review remains pending.
atlas-resource · reviewed-source-src-cu-unesco-genai-education

Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research

Record fingerprint
d96e8a9973327eabf273e786cf8974bd70bc662d3ebbcbf18ea0ff231c550ba3

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
reviewed-source-src-cu-unesco-genai-education
Title
Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research
URL
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000386693 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
reviewed-claim-source
Year
2023
Authors
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Publisher
UNESCO
Resource Type
Un education and ai guidance (exact value: un-education-and-ai-guidance)
Access
official or primary link
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Human agency, inclusion, linguistic and cultural diversity, data protection, age appropriateness, validation, governance, and educational-use guidance.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Evidence Boundary
This stable source is used by at least one editorially assessed claim. Its claim-specific relation and locator—not Atlas inclusion—define the evidence use; independent domain review remains pending.
atlas-resource · reviewed-source-src-mp-hoang-ism

The Interaction of Relativistic Spacecrafts with the Interstellar Medium

Record fingerprint
3de9f001fb582be877e70d898438c5bd43fcfae1a3316342b566418fe5efe4c3

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
reviewed-source-src-mp-hoang-ism
Title
The Interaction of Relativistic Spacecrafts with the Interstellar Medium
URL
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa5da6 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
reviewed-claim-source
Year
2017
Authors
Thiem Hoang
Alex Lazarian
Blakesley Burkhart
Abraham Loeb
Publisher
The Astrophysical Journal
Resource Type
Peer reviewed model (exact value: peer-reviewed-model)
Access
official or primary link
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Conditional gas and dust damage, erosion, heating, charging, and shielding mechanisms at 0.2c.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Evidence Boundary
This stable source is used by at least one editorially assessed claim. Its claim-specific relation and locator—not Atlas inclusion—define the evidence use; independent domain review remains pending.
atlas-resource · reviewed-source-src-mp-nasa-std-3001-v1

NASA Space Flight Human-System Standard Volume 1: Crew Health

Record fingerprint
f085d016fbf8c8ad47a8214b5db424c337dd8abe3b2236cac3b7d8c3b0155d3e

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
reviewed-source-src-mp-nasa-std-3001-v1
Title
NASA Space Flight Human-System Standard Volume 1: Crew Health
URL
https://standards.nasa.gov/standard/NASA/NASA-STD-3001_VOL_1 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
reviewed-claim-source
Year
2023
Authors
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Publisher
NASA
Resource Type
Active human spaceflight standard (exact value: active-human-spaceflight-standard)
Access
official or primary link
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
NASA-STD-3001 Volume 1 Revision C provides current NASA crew-health requirements, including spaceflight radiation, for human-rated systems and spacefaring crews. It is not a lifetime, pediatric, reproductive, civil-population, or multigenerational health standard.
Verified At
2026-07-26
Evidence Boundary
This stable source is used by at least one editorially assessed claim. Its claim-specific relation and locator—not Atlas inclusion—define the evidence use; independent domain review remains pending.
atlas-resource · reviewed-source-src-pa-nist-ai-600-1

Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework: Generative Artificial Intelligence Profile

Record fingerprint
04ce8a6f11ba53f6722ca6f58200ff826249c13ebd0c830e33980951462dd2c8

Minimum approvals
1

Required scope groups
bounded-competence: information-science

High-consequence domains
None under the named two-person rule

Review state
pending

Published human decisions
0
Inspect the complete frozen review surface
ID
reviewed-source-src-pa-nist-ai-600-1
Title
Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework: Generative Artificial Intelligence Profile
URL
https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AI.600-1 (opens external site in a new tab)
Topic
reviewed-claim-source
Year
2024
Authors
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Publisher
NIST
Resource Type
Government risk management profile (exact value: government-risk-management-profile)
Access
official or primary link
Source Class
Editor selected context (exact value: editor-selected-context)
Selection Note
Generative-AI governance, provenance, evaluation, security, confabulation, privacy, and incident disclosure.
Verified At
2026-07-25
Evidence Boundary
This stable source is used by at least one editorially assessed claim. Its claim-specific relation and locator—not Atlas inclusion—define the evidence use; independent domain review remains pending.

Equivalent record table for this packet
Record	Subject	Fingerprint	Approvals	Scope groups
atlas-resource:core-01-2	World Ships: Feasibility and Rationale	`ed8e7d1733f7b57b5728d1a371c5f527435d550cf86105c910861b30b3d0688f`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-19630028484	FEASIBILITY OF INTERSTELLAR TRAVEL	`d3aaf7aba3d2d3cba44d310bede9b71a711ecac1e668c880292f253c022523e0`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-19660036783	Is interstellar travel possible/ques/	`cca62681b8fa3bda4974274fbb4dace7e74d31d81ce62b6c4d34ddd22ab37beb`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-19840015024	Behavioral biology of mammalian reproduction and development for a space station	`f9af8653d676f21220058805e9157b9b3f0a63bd83f87afe970e49ef1614343f`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-19850018292	The Controlled Ecological Life Support System	`bf590d96b71b06829bff75ec8de91c1d6bede89654ba33c5a59ff3a54360d538`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-19860053431	On the question of interstellar travel	`a2761be25acb36ffd70082faae33c3601ae348752e1c8d187246ff7fe56edb06`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20040087748	Exercise load index and changes in body weight during long-duration confinement in an isolated environment	`81aba3285c11d49aefc7489e802de4be993004dc74335df88872c08a58067700`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20050000880	Reproduction in the space environment: Part I. Animal reproductive studies	`7920b65588617e13c9f799b1e388f0ae83186a0fecc5ef2c88ca5a0efeede3c1`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20060010528	Human Factors in Space Flight	`f0113b49db230a5f4c2e5b97219fad6017f28ea3b9a1540070d85b0d9b0ed567`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20070001123	Stennis Space Center Verification & Validation Capabilities	`c41e3d13ff8ca98cfe26c0381b4d07d95c395a40e3d5b93ee5c118de74885cf8`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20110015273	Human Research Program Integrated Research Plan	`1956290d2468b296a32b6d76194015adb40cd13434bba715cfdbce8441e44b99`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20160001412	The Nexus for Exoplanet System Science	`2050ffc40409fc605dba6dbd2bd92ef978ed5f844fa5c7f714e55ca06af510e3`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20180002177	An Integrated Science Glovebox for the Gateway Habitat	`ced63061dd16cec3a499f6d6f9e734e4974b01acc76013663c05c968cbad73aa`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20190001085	NASA IV&V's Cyber Range for Space Systems	`04f501ad8277dde906888c112a91376a69085e254f76756f9b9ab7e6991e39f7`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20210004732	Conductive White Thermal Control Paint for Spacecraft - Part 2	`0dd52d696d05e3994bd1aeccdc85f871649145dd2dbcae7f7b14385f8da2faab`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20210012921	Lunar In-situ Resource Utilization Concept to Reality	`8b659da97d60633cf937d371fa27365fbc67701dd8ac3bcd53d3f571ca9742bb`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20210021780	Down-Selection of Four Common Habitat Variants	`287b85cb26cbf691bd43c3087b3888537c16b21e223366551732c106f61be985`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20220007646	OSAM-2: Plans and Progress for the First Demonstration of Structural Manufacturing in Space	`5a479436250c05c1ebaa6e57aa28e5c552d368a3fad1c82f11345d0ea3ee8bee`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20220012971	Enabling Innovative Research on the International Space Station to Solve the Challenges of A Human Mission to Mars: Results of the ISS4Mars International Workshops 2020–2021	`8689e61fcd2a1906080b26854fa47a9c60d1e7a3e0f3fb98621f289f8007f857`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20220016675	Thermophotovoltaics for In-Space Nuclear Power	`9bd2fa994e75a9d3bc9b90fd646b58e250177f9f5da3cf4254a57c65b13a8d4a`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20230009066	Exploring the Complexities of Drug Formulation Selection, Storage, and Shelf-Life for Exploration Spaceflight	`82ae6aa048661e12e1c838f2d52c2309c62c79fc0e6b91e04a3edf36b461aaf2`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20230012405	Biological Space Radiation Countermeasures to Enable Long Duration Exploration Missions	`12b0e53be5d392dc96d32a79957861006a178285b8bdee10e160bb11a144a7a1`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20230012799	Artemis, Ethics and Society: Synthesis from a Workshop	`26e69ee93a4a928ede3d701a0aa79dacc0aebb1e4fa0afa3a1ffee1e8c797263`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20230014482	NASA's Space Health Impacts for the NASA Experience (SHINE) Training Program – Space Radiation Curriculum	`781e054e1720be43eb036b15ac418dc9f56215a09a0299b3f1729a9010e5b2c7`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20240014036	Detectability Simulations of a Near-infrared Surface Biosignature on Proxima Centauri b with Future Space Observatories	`03c668fd0f7ec0c4f0fda8319b03d0a505b06a2bf908031dc02fc90c86448089`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:ntrs-20260000627	Lunar Innovation Park – Initial Surface Infrastructure to Kickstart a Space Resource Based Economy	`30b3b01307beb299244cfac841c16e7a38689c97ffa4284f58ff310c16221204`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:reviewed-source-src-c1517-nasa-maarss	Magnet Architectures and Active Radiation Shielding Study (MAARSS)	`1bfcd3c2644fe62ab95d94ae898cd466cde02ec193c36d15e02ab89b10c85345`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:reviewed-source-src-cu-unesco-genai-education	Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research	`d96e8a9973327eabf273e786cf8974bd70bc662d3ebbcbf18ea0ff231c550ba3`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:reviewed-source-src-mp-hoang-ism	The Interaction of Relativistic Spacecrafts with the Interstellar Medium	`3de9f001fb582be877e70d898438c5bd43fcfae1a3316342b566418fe5efe4c3`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:reviewed-source-src-mp-nasa-std-3001-v1	NASA Space Flight Human-System Standard Volume 1: Crew Health	`f085d016fbf8c8ad47a8214b5db424c337dd8abe3b2236cac3b7d8c3b0155d3e`	1	bounded-competence: information-science
atlas-resource:reviewed-source-src-pa-nist-ai-600-1	Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework: Generative Artificial Intelligence Profile	`04ce8a6f11ba53f6722ca6f58200ff826249c13ebd0c830e33980951462dd2c8`	1	bounded-competence: information-science

Frozen source snapshots

Source inclusion does not determine the disposition. Reviewers must inspect the cited locator and relation, note inaccessible material, and identify stronger or conflicting evidence.

Sources, verification dates, scope notes, and exact fingerprints
Source ID	Source	Checked	Scope boundary	Fingerprint
official-atlas-resource-core-01-2	World Ships: Feasibility and Rationale (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	Inspected as a core capability-area source. Inclusion supplies context; it is not automatically evidence for a provisional claim.	`f4b20e022c45d3689dff8aaaa4bd780577eba249515a6b697b4694d900650eb4`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-19630028484	FEASIBILITY OF INTERSTELLAR TRAVEL (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	Only NTRS metadata and abstract are open here; full-text methods and results were unavailable for this pass. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.	`6657bb512971290e3ecc8b8d9944bc98bd34fcd0bb66a4b80239209aaab1cefc`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-19660036783	Is interstellar travel possible/ques/ (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	Only NTRS metadata and abstract are open here; full-text methods and results were unavailable for this pass. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.	`4c260d42ed92f8ce711c20f33f5fc1465f6b7b1551eabb822cfcb0f36707e108`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-19840015024	Behavioral biology of mammalian reproduction and development for a space station (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	This is old, proposal-oriented context and does not establish adaptation, safety, heritability, or acceptable ethics. Full methods and outcomes were not validated; it is not reproductive or medical claim evidence.	`db7543c4b5f80bdfb86b22528cbe96f27d38a501ece313b67ae21a70922d78f4`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-19850018292	The Controlled Ecological Life Support System (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.	`989da446b335420fa7c1201027be19451b14c38802d2785dd753a537c3ab4b52`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-19860053431	On the question of interstellar travel (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	Only NTRS metadata and abstract are open here; full-text methods and results were unavailable for this pass. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.	`64ef4d70563ff307e6264581ded1fb559d91f457f1410e4c720db13d947c7c46`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20040087748	Exercise load index and changes in body weight during long-duration confinement in an isolated environment (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	Only NTRS metadata and abstract are open here; full-text methods and results were unavailable for this pass. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.	`2b21299c3d4b715b4c21ce6b69d22be96ce0ab1ec92887b88065197f0e12fc37`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20050000880	Reproduction in the space environment: Part I. Animal reproductive studies (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	The review is dated and this curation did not independently assess all cited experiments or human translation. It is high-consequence evidence-gap context, not reproductive or medical guidance.	`520ee26c269f5db3b0f90b7a2a496d65f61991eb0e882c71027636423461899b`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20060010528	Human Factors in Space Flight (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.	`ad97c2f22b2d6b9d14a10db6322d014d2020b44e4295caae6d05d9341a7856fb`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20070001123	Stennis Space Center Verification & Validation Capabilities (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence.	`ff9521e8b43bfd83dffc6ccb9e3c3f93ded2d92df33269ce2919706f8b27411c`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20110015273	Human Research Program Integrated Research Plan (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.	`685ee2088de8f3b46d6424605f95e6b49b409dee24af349190fb44c4fc25483a`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20160001412	The Nexus for Exoplanet System Science (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	NTRS provides open full text, but this presentation was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence.	`2115c443105f7a326693271c33c1d15b235737c02a19d8424e969d193ec7e26e`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20180002177	An Integrated Science Glovebox for the Gateway Habitat (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence.	`fc800e427f5ec0b076a2bfa3172ddca725335b2a4619bf317d289ed1fad3f655`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20190001085	NASA IV&V's Cyber Range for Space Systems (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	NTRS provides open full text, but this presentation was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence.	`ea85bf8f9122ed33833d5064952fea80f9b903804fe5d65c19655c8c95e993c5`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20210004732	Conductive White Thermal Control Paint for Spacecraft - Part 2 (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	Only NTRS metadata and a short abstract are open here; formulations, test conditions, aging, and flight results were not examined. It is component context, not automatic evidence for another environment.	`11ee42ba4e9e287e35627ae34930f38941354a9ce81867fed118527092e41087`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20210012921	Lunar In-situ Resource Utilization Concept to Reality (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.	`fb7064ce7263de5a8537b40d6c05da80b125f75e912d812a7d077a2131b32a09`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20210021780	Down-Selection of Four Common Habitat Variants (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	NTRS lists accessible full text, but this curation did not reproduce scoring, challenge assumptions, or validate selection against generation-ship requirements. It is decision-method context, not proof of an optimal design.	`22b8d0b957f08334744abd67874feeda24b5c2324ab504acf1ab2a709aa16bfa`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20220007646	OSAM-2: Plans and Progress for the First Demonstration of Structural Manufacturing in Space (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.	`2f2c17acc0fb7c6bcbc955091829862462d32497734c86289c01faee8e8cfd9a`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20220012971	Enabling Innovative Research on the International Space Station to Solve the Challenges of A Human Mission to Mars: Results of the ISS4Mars International Workshops 2020–2021 (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	NTRS provides open full text, but this accepted manuscript (version with final changes) was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence.	`a76000dc2d0fb0ffd9dd67feebed8c0b31c5ae3cad58dd1dc46122432f816e7d`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20220016675	Thermophotovoltaics for In-Space Nuclear Power (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	NTRS lists open full text, but the conceptual Earth-to-Mars trade was not independently recalculated and does not establish reactor or converter readiness. It is civil systems context, not claim evidence.	`9dacda0fd7ea703e48ef24799b1fbeb8fb260da5788307958e70e3150a974574`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20230009066	Exploring the Complexities of Drug Formulation Selection, Storage, and Shelf-Life for Exploration Spaceflight (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.	`108dabddcbf77f02bc221e10feb38006a1d09053b22c5acc3cb7bfa1b5882d81`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20230012405	Biological Space Radiation Countermeasures to Enable Long Duration Exploration Missions (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	This is poster-level metadata and summary, not a systematic clinical review; efficacy, dosing, interactions, and long-duration safety were not validated. It is high-consequence research context, not medical advice or treatment evidence.	`c8d65b2bbcc0ccb5b7d576e22b3bb974b3bc34759449244f67fac169f3c4a3e4`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20230012799	Artemis, Ethics and Society: Synthesis from a Workshop (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	NTRS lists open full text, but this pass assessed catalog metadata and abstract rather than independently validating the document. Inclusion is contextual discovery support, not automatic evidence for a GShips claim.	`cf39f891a5d7be1d50ebf7acd969e78aed09cede1d43dd40d7484e96ce07ed46`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20230014482	NASA's Space Health Impacts for the NASA Experience (SHINE) Training Program – Space Radiation Curriculum (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	NTRS metadata and abstract describe the curriculum but do not establish educational effectiveness, cohort outcomes, or transferability. It is leadership-program context, not evidence of competency gains.	`57c01a6ea1dfacfffde1b7196bca69dc1fd08f8b0db7bc8417ee5e354cdf8b1c`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20240014036	Detectability Simulations of a Near-infrared Surface Biosignature on Proxima Centauri b with Future Space Observatories (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	NTRS provides open full text, but this reprint (version printed in journal) was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence.	`7bebb3575f83b990ff1998ab212c48de461a6f188fe7ce3cd38fde9d4c97528d`
official-atlas-resource-ntrs-20260000627	Lunar Innovation Park – Initial Surface Infrastructure to Kickstart a Space Resource Based Economy (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	NTRS provides open full text, but this conference paper was screened for curation rather than independently or domain reviewed; inclusion is contextual, not automatic claim evidence.	`fdf0abd5ab6f8a6c9cfe13ea40e9cf104cb3948668d3f50b5fd9bc653b704805`
official-atlas-resource-reviewed-source-src-c1517-nasa-maarss	Magnet Architectures and Active Radiation Shielding Study (MAARSS) (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	This stable source is used by at least one editorially assessed claim. Its claim-specific relation and locator—not Atlas inclusion—define the evidence use; independent domain review remains pending.	`6d4433446f65ff7208ec6d7882980eac03768a417c9498929af31a734439965d`
official-atlas-resource-reviewed-source-src-cu-unesco-genai-education	Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	This stable source is used by at least one editorially assessed claim. Its claim-specific relation and locator—not Atlas inclusion—define the evidence use; independent domain review remains pending.	`a95844bb3c27e13b54e5d2ec17eaa1d88b5b29c1320ad24261d0d60f07c9c10b`
official-atlas-resource-reviewed-source-src-mp-hoang-ism	The Interaction of Relativistic Spacecrafts with the Interstellar Medium (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	This stable source is used by at least one editorially assessed claim. Its claim-specific relation and locator—not Atlas inclusion—define the evidence use; independent domain review remains pending.	`8556fb3e92f2926bc25c82c518ddc6c451d70bd89a3bb291b0f05e81b11f703a`
official-atlas-resource-reviewed-source-src-mp-nasa-std-3001-v1	NASA Space Flight Human-System Standard Volume 1: Crew Health (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-26	This stable source is used by at least one editorially assessed claim. Its claim-specific relation and locator—not Atlas inclusion—define the evidence use; independent domain review remains pending.	`7ac56d6b61856e5dffc80a52a31ab4948c57b2ee243f991776f9d78601973704`
official-atlas-resource-reviewed-source-src-pa-nist-ai-600-1	Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework: Generative Artificial Intelligence Profile (opens external site in a new tab)	2026-07-25	This stable source is used by at least one editorially assessed claim. Its claim-specific relation and locator—not Atlas inclusion—define the evidence use; independent domain review remains pending.	`864103eaa4e500762300b536c5ee6aa8b3c47ca2458dd6c246ea76ad8d56b428`

Offline packet and worksheet

Downloads contain no reviewer contact details. Downloading does not create an account or store a review response in the GShips application. Ordinary provider request or analytics logs may record the download request. Work locally: the public site has no review account, upload endpoint, or decision-submission API.

Frozen packet · JSON

132.7 KB · packet identity 3aa2489045bf9af3…

Download packet

Blank decision worksheet · JSON

21.6 KB · template identity 81df0cec68a7a774…

Download blank JSON

Review-notes worksheet · Markdown

Readable notes companion only—not a decision-bundle equivalent. Use the closed JSON template for structural validation.

Download notes worksheet

Do not paste a completed decision, identity documents, private contact data, confidential conflict evidence, medical information, controlled material, or exploit details into a public form. Until a separately authorized private handoff exists, retain the completed worksheet locally.

Packet schema · JSON · Decision-bundle schema · JSON

Validate offline

Use Node.js 22.13.0 or later. Keep the packet, worksheet, completed decision, and all six kit files together in a local directory.

Download the six kit files below. Complete a copy of the JSON template offline and preserve its templateFingerprint.
Finalize a separate output file.
```
node finalize-review-decision.mjs \
  --input DRAFT.json \
  --output COMPLETED.json
```
This marks the copy complete and calculates an unkeyed canonical bundle fingerprint. A fingerprint detects changes; it is not a reviewer signature.
Validate the packet and completed copy.
```
node check-review-decisions.mjs \
  --packet PACKET.json \
  --decision COMPLETED.json
```
Add another --decision for each independent reviewer.
Interpret the result narrowly. A zero exit proves structural consistency only. Neither command appoints or qualifies a reviewer, establishes independence, accepts a decision, or authorizes publication.

Completion criteria

Every primary record must receive the required number of valid, current-fingerprint approvals; every complementary scope group and required domain must be covered; any unresolved revise, contest, or reject disposition blocks publication.

Named medical, reproductive, nuclear, radiation, cybersecurity, governance, and dual-use conclusions require two distinct qualified independent humans covering complementary domain-method and rights/public-interest scopes.

Reviewer identity, qualification, independence, conflicts, and compensation must be assessed by accountable human governance; local validation can only report structural validity.
Approve, revise, contest, reject, and recuse remain visible. A negative finding cannot be hidden by an aggregate approval percentage.
Revision creates a new record and packet fingerprint. Prior approvals do not carry forward automatically.
AI may assist with clerical comparison but cannot count as an independent reviewer, identity attestor, appeal authority, or second person.

Prepared review packet · 0 published human decisions · Independent review pending · Suggest a correction